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C++ Programming

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41 views

C++ Programming

Uploaded by

engineerhaile1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is C++?

C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance


applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and
memory.

The language was updated 5 major times in 2011, 2014, 2017, 2020, and 2023
to C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, and C++23

Why Use C++


C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and
embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure


to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.

C++ is fun and easy to learn!

As C++ is close to C, C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to


C++ or vice versa.

Difference between C and C++


C++ was developed as an extension of C, and both languages have almost the
same syntax.

The main difference between C and C++ is that C++ support classes and
objects, while C does not.

C++ Get Started


To start using C++, you need two things:

 A text editor, like Notepad, to write C++ code


 A compiler, like GCC, to translate the C++ code into a language that the
computer will understand

There are many text editors and compilers to choose from. In this tutorial, we
will use an IDE (see below).

C++ Install IDE


An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is used to edit AND compile the
code.

Popular IDE's include Code::Blocks, Eclipse, and Visual Studio. These are all free,
and they can be used to both edit and debug C++ code.

Note: Web-based IDE's can work as well, but functionality is limited.

We will use Code::Blocks in our tutorial, which we believe is a good place to


start.

You can find the latest version of Codeblocks at http://www.codeblocks.org/.


Download the mingw-setup.exe file, which will install the text editor with a
compiler.

C++ Quickstart
Let's create our first C++ file.

Open Codeblocks and go to File > New > Empty File.

Write the following C++ code and save the file as myfirstprogram.cpp (File >
Save File as):

My Frist Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

C++ Syntax
Let's break up the following code to understand it better:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
Example explained

Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work


with input and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add
functionality to C++ programs.
Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects
and variables from the standard library.

Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <iostream> and using
namespace std works. Just think of it as something that (almost) always
appears in your program.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we use it to make the
code more readable.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program is int main().
This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be
executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with


the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In our example, it will output
"Hello World!".

Note: C++ is case-sensitive: "cout" and "Cout" has different meaning.

Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }

Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines


makes the code more readable.

Line 6: return 0; ends the main function.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the
main function.

Omitting Namespace
You might see some C++ programs that runs without the
standard namespace library. The using namespace
std line can be omitted and replaced with
the std keyword, followed by the :: operator for some
objects:

Example
#include <iostream>

int main() {
std::cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

C++ Statements
A computer program is a list of "instructions" to be "executed"
by a computer.

In a programming language, these programming instructions are


called statements.

The following statement "instructs" the compiler to print the text


"Hello World" to the screen:

Example
cout << "Hello World!";

Many Statements
Most C++ programs contain many statements.

The statements are executed, one by one, in the same order as they are
written:
Example
cout << "Hello World!";
cout << "Have a good day!";
return 0;

Example explained

From the example above, we have three statements:

1. cout << "Hello World!";


2. cout << "Have a good day!";
3. return 0;

The first statement is executed first (print "Hello World!" to the screen).
Then the second statement is executed (print "Have a good day!" to the
screen).
And at last, the third statement is executed (end the C++ program
successfully).

C++ Output (Print Text)


The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values and print
text.

Just remember to surround the text with double quotes ( ""):


Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

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