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Book Problems

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i) Income, age, and family background (such as number of siblings) are just a few

possibilities.

ii) Not if the factors we listed in part (i) are correlated with educ. Because we would like to
hold these factors fixed, they are part of the error term
Student GPA
N Y
1 2.8
2 3.4
3 3
4 3.5
5 3.6
6 3
7 2.7
8 3.7
E 8 25.7

Y BAR 3.2125
X BAR 25.875

B1 0.102198
B0 0.568127

Y= 0.5681 + 0.102198x
ACT
X E XY E X2 E (X)2 Y Hat Y - Y Hat ( Y - Y Hat)2 Y - Y Bar
21 58.8 441 2.71 0.09 0.01 -0.4125 0.170156
24 81.6 576 3.02 0.38 0.14 0.1875 0.035156
26 78 676 3.23 -0.23 0.05 -0.2125 0.045156
27 94.5 729 3.33 0.17 0.03 0.2875 0.082656
29 104.4 841 3.53 0.07 0.00 0.3875 0.150156
25 75 625 3.12 -0.12 0.02 -0.2125 0.045156
25 67.5 625 3.12 -0.42 0.18 -0.5125 0.262656
30 111 900 3.63 0.07 0.00 0.4875 0.237656
207 670.8 5413 42849 U Hat 0.43 1.02875
SSR SST

R2 1- SSR/SST
0.577424 Variation
hhhhhhhhhh
0.09
0.38
+ 0.102198x

nnnn
Cigs = 0
bwght = 119.77 - 0.514(0)
119.77

bwght = 119.77 - 0.514(20)


109.49

Difference 10.28
9% Drop

ii) Not necessarily. There are many other factors that can affect birth weight, particularly
overall health of the mother and quality of prenatal care. These could be correlated with
cigarette smoking during birth.

iii) When bwght = 125

125 = 119 - 0.514x


x -10.1751
it shows what happens when we are trying
to predict something as complicated as birth weight with only a single explanatory variable.

iv) 1179.8 Did not smoke


i) The intercept implies that when inc = 0, cons is predicted to be negative $124.84. This, of
course, cannot be true, and reflects that fact that this consumption function might be a poor
predictor of consumption at very low-income levels. On the other hand, on an annual basis,
$124.84 is not so far from zero.

ii) cons = -124.84 + 0.853 inc


25465.16 Dollar

iii) Let X values as below

iii) X 1000 10000 20000 30000 40000


MPC 0.853 0.853 0.853 0.853 0.853
APC 0.72816 0.840516 0.846758 0.848839 0.849879
Yes. If living closer to an incinerator depresses housing prices, then being farther away
increases housing prices.

If the city chose to locate the incinerator in an area away from more expensive
neighborhoods, then log(dist) is positively correlated with housing quality. This would violate
SLR.3, and OLS estimation is biased.

Size of the house, number of bathrooms, size of the lot, age of the home, and quality of
the neighborhood (including school quality), are just a handful of factors.

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