Book Problems
Book Problems
Book Problems
possibilities.
ii) Not if the factors we listed in part (i) are correlated with educ. Because we would like to
hold these factors fixed, they are part of the error term
Student GPA
N Y
1 2.8
2 3.4
3 3
4 3.5
5 3.6
6 3
7 2.7
8 3.7
E 8 25.7
Y BAR 3.2125
X BAR 25.875
B1 0.102198
B0 0.568127
Y= 0.5681 + 0.102198x
ACT
X E XY E X2 E (X)2 Y Hat Y - Y Hat ( Y - Y Hat)2 Y - Y Bar
21 58.8 441 2.71 0.09 0.01 -0.4125 0.170156
24 81.6 576 3.02 0.38 0.14 0.1875 0.035156
26 78 676 3.23 -0.23 0.05 -0.2125 0.045156
27 94.5 729 3.33 0.17 0.03 0.2875 0.082656
29 104.4 841 3.53 0.07 0.00 0.3875 0.150156
25 75 625 3.12 -0.12 0.02 -0.2125 0.045156
25 67.5 625 3.12 -0.42 0.18 -0.5125 0.262656
30 111 900 3.63 0.07 0.00 0.4875 0.237656
207 670.8 5413 42849 U Hat 0.43 1.02875
SSR SST
R2 1- SSR/SST
0.577424 Variation
hhhhhhhhhh
0.09
0.38
+ 0.102198x
nnnn
Cigs = 0
bwght = 119.77 - 0.514(0)
119.77
Difference 10.28
9% Drop
ii) Not necessarily. There are many other factors that can affect birth weight, particularly
overall health of the mother and quality of prenatal care. These could be correlated with
cigarette smoking during birth.
If the city chose to locate the incinerator in an area away from more expensive
neighborhoods, then log(dist) is positively correlated with housing quality. This would violate
SLR.3, and OLS estimation is biased.
Size of the house, number of bathrooms, size of the lot, age of the home, and quality of
the neighborhood (including school quality), are just a handful of factors.