PN eT ERD aH TN ay 1. Write an 8085 Program to Swap two 8-bit Numbers, 2, @. Write a Program to Find the Largest of Two Numbers b. Write an BOBS Program to Find the Smallest of Two Numbe . Write on 8085 Program to find whether an 8-bit number is positi display EE, if negative display FF, if zero display DD, i. Write on 8085 Program to check wheth 'er 4th bit of @ number Is zero of one. If 4th bit FF, if 4th bit is O display DD. is 1 display + Write an 8085 Program to Calculate the Sum of First Ten Notural Numbers: - Write an Assembly Lon guage Program in BOBS Microprocessor to Find the Sum of Digits of Number. ‘an 8-bit 7. Write an 8085 Program to Find the Reverse of an B-bit Number 8. Write on 8085 Program to Check Whether 1 -byte Number is a Palindrome or Not. If itso Palindrome display FF otherwise display DD. 9. Write an 8085 Program to Check whether a Number is ODD or EVEN, {f it is Even then Display 00, if Isis Odd, then Display FF. 10. Write on 8085 Program to Count a Number of Ones in the given B-bit Number. Me Write an 8085 Program to Find Acldition & Subtraction of two 8 bit HEX Numbers. 12. Write on 8085 Program to Find Addition of two 16 13. 14. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19. 20. bit Numbers, Write an 8085 Program to find Subtraction of two 16-bit numbers. Write on 8085 Program for Swapping of wo 16-bit Numbers. ‘Write on 8085 Program to Implement 2 out of 5 codes Write on 8085 Program to Generate Fibonacc! Series Write en 8085 Program to Find the Firs Ten Terms of Odd andl Even Numbers. Write an 8085 Program to Find 4-Digit BCD Addition. Write an 8085 Program to Find Multiplication of 2-digit BCD Numbers. Write an 8085 Program to Find Division of two B-bit Numbers.CD comurer arcinecure OTE Write an 8085 Program to Swap two &-bit Numbers, Algorithm: 1, Load the value from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A, Store the value of Accumulator A into register B. Load the value from memory location 2501H into Accumulator A, Store the value of Accumulator A into memory location 2500H. Move the value from register B to Accumulator A. eure Store the value of Accumulator A into memory location 2501H, Halt the Program, Mnemonic Code with Hex Code and Explanation z ES in Explanation 3A 0025 si Load the value from memory location 2500H into the Accumulator A | a7 Move the value from Accumulator A to Register B to store 3A0125 it temporarily Load the value from memory location 2501H into Accumulator A. 32.00 25 | Stor the value from Accumulator A into memory location 25001, effectively swapping the values, a Nove the value from Register B Accumulator’A, (original value of memory 2500H) back to} 320125 | Store the value from Accumulator A i ‘number location). into memory location 2501H (the second 76 Halt the execution of the program, * Iusing GNU Sim 8085, type the mnemonics cod i 00 need to manually enter hi ics code directly in the code editor, as there i ex codes, During the assemb! tically converts the mnemonics DB ly process, the simulator autom: into corresponding hex codes, + fusing a Physical Mi icroprocessor Kit, the hi ually in specie Tieeatanae t, the hex codes need to be entered mani ich as storing 3A at 10001 00 at 10014, 25 at 1002H, 47 9" 1003H, and so on. After entering the hex co yenst tease cati fr locations ‘such as 2500H and 2501 Cok les, load the input data into memory loc Counter (PC) to start hold the value: the Prog Fonneae sto be swapped). Then, update location 1000H to execute the program.on Appendix C Lab Programs « GD In.GNU Sim 8085, data is entered in decimal format, and the corre: isshown in brackets. For example, 58 in decimal is equivale Indecimal is equivalent to 52H, + Input: The memory location 2500H contains the value 58 (which is 3AH in he r : 53 exadecima and memory location 2501H contains the value 82 (which is 52H in hexadeci i) ao + Output: After executing the program, the values are swapped. Memory location 2500H now contains 82 (92H in hexadecimal), and memory location 2501H containe 58 (3AH in hexadecimal). sponding hexadecimal NU to 3AH in hexadecimal, and 82 Write a Program to Find the Largest of Iwo Numbers 1, Load the first number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A. 2 Move the value from Accumulator A into register B for temporary storage 3, Load the second number from memory location 2501H into Accumulator A 4, Compare the value in Accumulator A with the value in register 8. 5 Ifthe value in Accumulator A is greater than or equal to the value in register B, jump to hext step. Otherwise, move the value from register B back to Accumulator A. 6. Store the largest value from Accumulator A into memory location 2502H, 7. Halt the program. Mnemonic Code with Hex Code and Explanation ! Explanation |_c 3A.00 25 AT 340125 | Load the second number from memory location [ Compare the value in Accumulator A with the value in register B IEA Gs Load the first number from memory location 2500H into Accumul Move the value in Accumulator A to register B for 01H {nto Accum Compare the value in Ac greater or equal, the Carry Flag is not set (6 | IAccumulator Ais greater than or equal to the value In register 8 (CY 0 Jump to the label NEXT, as A already contains the largest value from register B back into Hf Accumulator A (s smaller (CY = 1), toad the value). (OF Ainto memory location BON |Ls Ceampumee Arehiteatore © Input: Memory locations 2500H and 25011 contain 58 and 82 respectively * Output: The largest value (82) is stored in memory location 250211 Note : [NCNEXT' stands for "Jump if No Carry to F ndieg ‘Accumulator A is greater than or equal to the value in register B. The program jumps tq ‘and skips loading a new value, If the Carry Flag is set (CY = 1), it means Accumulator 4 {s smaller so no jump occurs, and the value from register B (the larger value) is loaded ineq Accumulator A. Ifthe Carry Flagis not set (cy <0 : Write a Program to Find the Smallest of Two Numbers Algorithm: 1. Load the first number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A. 2, Move the value from Accumulator A into register B for temporary storage 3. Lead the second number from memory location 2501H into Accumulator A. “4. Compare the value in Accumulator A with the value in register B. 5. Ifthe value in Accumulator A is less than or equal to the value in register 8, jump to th step. Otherwise, move the value from register B back to Accumulator A ‘6. Store the smallest value from Accumulator A into memory location 25024 7. Halt the program. ‘Mnemonic Code with Hex Code and Explanation - — | 3A.00 25 | Load the first number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A | eae) 671) Move the Value in Accumulator A to register B for later comparison. can eg pe the second number from memory location 2501H into Accumulate Compare the value in Accumulator A with the value in register 8. li Aisles OF equal, the Carry Flag is set (CY = 1), ox0v0 | M Accumulator A is less than or equal to the value in register 8 (©) = Us w to label NEXT, as A already contains the smallest vals i ee |= car ‘Ais greater (CY = 0), load the value from register 8 ck i ——__}. ‘A (oveaning Bi is the smaller value), 320225 | Sore the smallest value from Accumulator A into mewory Wowaton 25028 [76 _| Halt the execution of the programAppendix C: Lab Programs + —— {nput: Memory locations 2500H and 2501H contain 58 and 82 respectively, , output: The smallest value (58) is stored in memory location 2502H. {JC NEXT stands for "Jump if Carry to NEXT”. If the Carry Flag is set (CY = 1), it means he Accumulator A is less than or equal to the value in register B, The program jumps to NEXT and skips loading a new value. If the Carry Flag is not set (CY = 0), itmeans Accumulator A ispreater, sono jump occurs, and the value from register B (the smaller value) is loaded into Accumulator A. an 8085 Program to Find whether an &-bit number . Negative or Zero.If positive display EF |Aigorithm: 1, Load the 8-bit number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A. 2. Compare the value in Accumulator A with OOH. 3, IfAccumulator A is equal to OOH, jump to the label ZERO and store ODDH in memory location 2501H. 4 Ifthe Sign Flag (S) is set (S = 1), jump to the label NEGATIVE and store OFFH in memory location 2501H. 5. Otherwise, move OEEH (Positive value indicator) to Accumulator A and store it in memory location 2501. 6, Halt the program. Mnemonic Code with Hex Code and Explanation Code Explanation 30.00.25 | boad the 8:-bit number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator =|} FE00 | Compare the value in Accumulator A with 00H ‘This instruction checks if Accumulator A contains 00H (Z = 1). If Zero 6012 00 | nag jumps to the label ZERO. flag is set to 1, then the program jumps to the label ZEI ‘This instruction checks if the Sign Flag (S) is set (S= 1), which indicates Fane 00 | thatthe number is negative. IfS = 1, then jump tothe label NEGATIVE. [BEE | Move the value OEE (indicating positive) into Accumulator A €31A 00 | jump to STORE to save the result. ‘Move the value OFFH (indicating negative) into Accumulator A. 631A 00 | jump to STORE to save the result. ‘Move the value ODDH (indicating zer®) into Accumulator A. 32.0125 | Store the result from Accumulator A into memory location 2501H | Halt the program execution. ‘on the flag status, the appropriate value (OEEH, OFFH, or ODDH) Is loaded ite and stored in memory location 2501H to indicate whether the original valuComputer Architecture Output = — pea Address Data 25008 0 (00H) 20H 221 (00H) | 2500H 78 (4EH) 2501H __ 238 (Een 1 2500H 128 (8011) 25014 255 (FF) + Input: The 8-bit number in 2500H Is checked to see ifit is zero, positive, ~ 0 (00H): Represents zero, ~ 78 (48H): A positive value, ~ 134 (86H): This value is treated as negative in the 8-bit representation, * Output: After executing the program, location 2501H: ~ 221 (DDH): Indicates the input value(0) was zero, ~ 236 (EEH): Indicates the input value(78) was positive. > 255 (FFH): Indicates the input value(128) was negative. Or negative, the corresponding results are stored at memory Note: * In8-bit signed representation, numbers range from -128 to +127. ~ Positive values: Range from 0 to 127. ~ Negative values: Range from -128 to -1, * The number 128 becomes negative when Tepresented as an 8-bit value because the most ‘significant bit (MSB) acts as a sign bit: ~ Ifthe MSB is 0, the value is positive or zero, ~ Ifthe MSBis 4, the value is negative. + Inthis » 134 (86H) has its MSB set to 1, j representa _ , indicating that it is a negative value in &-bit ‘Write an 8085 Program to Chee bit is 1 display FF, if ath bit is 1. Load the 8-bit number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A. ‘With the Value OBH to isolate the 4th bit, ins the 4th bitis 0, Jump to ZERO and store DDH in memory location ‘k whether 4th bit ofa Number is Zero or One. If th 0 display DD,Appendix € : Leb Progrems -_CE7) [memonic Gode with Hex Code and Explanation a | Hex er [ MmemonteCode | cote Explanation T | | px2500H lscaage | Load the number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator | a eaee!| Sn a ae ee | Pra | Perform AND operation with 08H to isolate the Ath bit of the | _ | number. [)22ERO __|carzoo | ifthe MVLA.OFFH [28 FF [Move the value OFFH (indicati inte Accumulator A. | JMP STORE | €3 16.00 | Jump to STOR a 1 | ZERO: MVI A, DDH al STORE: STA 25014 [Her Iuput & Outputs Input = Output | Address | Data | Address | Data 2500H 6 (06H) | | 25011 [an (oon) | 2500H soon) lk cH + Input: Memory location 2500H contains values: ~ 6 (06H): The binary value of 6 is 0000 0110and hence the 4th bitis 0 = 9 (09H): The binary value of 9 is 0000 1001 and hence the 4th bit is 1. * Output: Memory location 2501H stores the result: - 221 (DDH); Indicates that the 4th bit of the input value (6) is 0, (a ~ 255 (FFH): Indicates that the 4th bit of the input value (9) is 1. (8086 Program to Calet Algorithm: 1. Initialize Register C with OAH (decimal 10), which represents the count of numbers to be added. 2, Initialize Register A with 00H (decimal 0) to store the running sum, 3. Initialize Register D with 01H (decimal 1) to keep track of the current number. ‘4, Add the current number (from Register D) to Accumulator A, 5. Increment the current number (Register D) by 1, 6, Decrement the counter (Register C) by 1. 7, if Register Cis not zero, repeat the process of adding the next number. a “Gin Accumulator A) Into memory location 250014,CE Comer rcrinecre ‘Mnemonic Code with Hex Code and Explanation —, 1 Hex Explanation | code MVIC, OAH OE 0A Load OAH (count of 10) into Register C. MVIA,0OH |3E00 | Load 00H into Accumulator A to initialize the sum to 0, - ___ | MVID,O1H |1601 | Load 01H into Register D to start from the first natural number (1), 4 LOOP: ADD D | 82 Add the value in Register D to Accumulator A. INRD 14 Increment the value in Register D (next number) DERE oD Decrement the value in Register C by 1 =} JNZLOOP €2.06.00 If Register C is not zero, jump to LOOP to continue adding, STA2SO0H | 32.0025 HUT 76 1, Initialization: Store the final sum from Accumulator A into memory location 2500H Halt the program execution. El + Register C (OAH) keeps track ofhow many numbers are left to add (initially 10) Setto 1O(OAH in hexadecimal), indicating that there are 10 numbers to add (from 1 to 10), * Accumulator A (OOH) starts with the value 0 to hold the running sum, Set to 0 (00H),s0 that the sum starts from zero. All subsequent numbers will be added to Accumulator A, * Register D (01H) holds the current natural number to be added, Set to 1 (01H), Tepresenting the first number in the sequence of natural numbers, 2, Loop to Add the Numbers: * The LOOP label starts the iteration for a microprocessor to repeat the instructions * ADD D adds the value in Register D (current number) to Accumulator A. The' Accumulator is updated each time to maintain the running sum. Ly + INRD increments the current number by 1. * DCR C decrements the counter to keep track of how many numbers have been added. = <.._ NZHOOP repeats the loop ifthe counts not zero to ensure all ten sumnbersare added. ‘the Result; idding numbers. This loop label allow the within this section. ++ Output: The sum ofthe first ten naturel ww + 10 = 55) ISAppendix C: tab Programs = Write an Assembly Language Program in 8085 Microprocessor to Find the Sum of Digits of an &-bit Number algorithm: 1, Load the 8-bit number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A, 2. Copy the value from Accumulator A into Register B for safekeeping, 3, Mask the higher nibble of Accumulator A to extract the units digit by performing an AND operation with OFH (binary 0000 1111). 4, Move the units digit (currently in Accumulator A) to Register C to store it temporarily, 5. Restore the original value from Register B to Accumulator A. 6. Rotate Accumulator A left four times to bring the higher nibble (the tens digit) into the lower nibble position. 7, Mask the higher nibble again to extract the tens digit by performing an AND operation with OFH. 8, Add the units digit (in Register C) to the Accumulator A. 9, Store the result from Accumulator A into memory location 2501H. 10, Halt the program. Mnemonic Code with Hex Code and Explanation Explanation 3A.00 25 | Load the 8-bit number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A 47 Copy the value in Accumulator A to Register B for temporary storage, zeae | Perform an AND operation to mask the higher nibble and retain only the | lower nibble (units digit) A _| 4B Move the value in Accumulator A (units digit) to Register C. 78 Restore the original value from Register B to Accumulator A. | 07 [Rotate Accumulator A‘left once. + 07 Rotate Accurnulator A left again 07 Rotate Accumulator A left again. Rotate Accumtilator A left one more time to bring the higher nibble into the a lower nibble position. Perform an AND operation fo mask out the higher nibble, leaving only the tens digit in Accumulator A. ‘Add the units digit (in Register C) to the tens digit in Accumulao ‘Store the Sum fram Accumulator A into memory location 25011 Halt the program execution, straightforward way of finding the sum of the individual dea, ‘operations and rotations to isolate each digit decima 1 digits of an+ Computer Architecture a Output | adress Data Address Data 25001 45 (201) 2501H | 15 (2DH=2+D=2+13- 1. Load 45 (2DH) into Accumulator A. 2, Copy 45 (2DH) to Register 8 for temporary storage 3. Mask the higher nibble: * 2DH in binary is 00101101. © ANIOFH will result in 0000 1101 (i.e, ODH), which is 13 in decimal 4. Store the units digit (13) in Register C. 5. Restore Original Value (45 or 2DH) to Accumulator A. 6. Rotate Left Four Times: After four rotations, 2DH (0010 1101 in binary) bei 0010. 7. Mask to Extract Tens Digit: ANI OFH results in 0000 0010 (i.e., 02H), which is 2 in decimal 8. Add the Units Digit (2): The sum is 13 + 2=15. 9- Store the Result (15) in’memory location 2501H. The number provided in, the me location 2500H is 45 in decimal, which is represented as 2DH in hexadecimal. + Extract the units digit (D in hexadecimal, which is 13 in decimal). * Extract the tens digit (2 in hexadecimal, which is 2 in decimal). = The sum of 2 (tens digit) and 13 (units digit) should be 15 in decimal. ‘comes 1101 mory ui i Write an 8085 Program to Find the Reverse of an 8-bit Number Algorithm: 1. Load the 8-bit number from memory location 2500H into Accumulator A. 2. Rotate Left the Accumulator A four times using the RLC instruction. . RLC operation rotates Accumulator. Aleft through the Carry flag. * RLCshifts all bits in the Accumulator to the left. The leftmost bit (MSB) moves into the flag, and the Carry lag is fed into the rightmost bit (LSB). RLC instructions, the higher nibble (leftmost 4 bits) and lower nibble z effectively swap places, from Accumulator A into memory location 2501H. ul by four positions to effectively swap the highe"®" (nary 010 11100), the output will be Cat! (Dine