SB 9

WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Stop and check

Places along the coast are cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places located inland at
the same latitude. This is because the oceans and seas take longer to heat up and cool down than
land. Thus, the winds that blow from the sea cool the places near the sea in summer and keep
them warm in winter.
Exercises
A. 1. F alse. The weather report tells us how hot or cold, cloudy or sunny, clear or rainy the day is
going to be.
2. False. Climate is the state or condition of the atmosphere at a place over a long period of
time, typically 30 years or more.
3. True
4. False. The hills are usually cooler than the plains.
5. False. Climate change has serious implications for the Earth and all its inhabitants including
human beings.
B. 1. c. the amount of traffic to expect on the road 2. a. 30 years

3. c. angle of the Moon’s rays
C. 1. Weather 2. Atmosphere 3. Climate 4. Altitude 5. Humidity
D. 1.
Weather Climate
Weather is the state of the atmosphere over Climate is the average condition of the
a short period of time, like an hour or a day. atmosphere over a period of 30 years or
more.
Weather can change frequently—from Climate stays constant over long periods.
minute-to-minute, hour-to-hour, day-to-day,
or season-to-season.
Weather refers to the atmospheric Climate is the average weather conditions
conditions over a small geographic area. over a much larger area, like a region or a
country. STUDENTS’ BOOK ANSWER KEY
Weather depends on elements like Climate depends on factors like latitude,
temperature, precipitation, pressure, winds altitude, distance from the sea and winds,
and humidity that vary daily. taken over a long period of time.
The study of weather is known as The study of climate is known as climatology
meteorology.
2. U
sually, the closer a place is to the Equator, the hotter it is. The further we move away from
the Equator, the colder it gets. This happens because, as a result of its spherical shape,
different parts of the Earth receive differing amounts of sunlight. The Equator and places close
145
IS_TRP 05_Social Studies.indb 145 21-Feb-20 11:37:11 AM

to it receive the vertical rays of the Sun As a result: • the rays are concentrated over a
smaller area on the Earth’s surface, so there is more heating. • the rays have to travel a
shorter distance through the atmosphere, so less heat is lost (the atmosphere absorbs some
of the Sun’s energy). Therefore, the Equatorial region receives large amounts of heat from the
Sun, and stays hot throughout the year.
Places that lie away from the Equator, however, receive the slanting rays of the Sun. The
closer we get to the poles, the more slanting the rays become. • As slanting rays are spread
out over a greater area than vertical rays, they are less concentrated and therefore carry less
heat. • At higher latitudes, the rays also have to travel a greater distance through the
atmosphere to reach the Earth’s surface, and lose large amounts of heat in the process. Thus,
places in higher latitudes have lower temperatures and are much cooler.
3. A
ltitude refers to the height of a place above sea level. The greater the altitude of a place, the
colder it is. This is because, atmospheric temperature decreases with altitude at the rate of
around 6.5°C for every 1,000 metres of ascent (or around 1°C decrease in temperature for
every 165 metres of ascent).
4. P
laces along the coast are cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places located inland
at the same latitude. This is because the oceans and seas take longer to heat up and cool
down than land. Thus, the winds that blow from the sea cool the places near the sea in
summer and keep them warm in winter. Places far away from the oceans, on the other hand,
experience extreme climates with hot summers and cold winters because they do not have
the moderating effect of the sea. Delhi is located far away from the coast, and Mumbai is
located along a coast. Therefore, Delhi has an extreme climate, while Mumbai has a moderate
climate.
5. A
ccording to scientists, the average global temperature has increased by 1°C in the last
century. The process of the rapid heating up of the Earth is known as global warming.
Picture study
1. Humidity
2. Places near the sea have high humidity, while places far away from the sea have low humidity.
3. The place will experience a moderate climate.—neither too hot, nor too cold.
Think and answer

Shiva will experience a much lower temperature in Kodaikanal because temperature decreases
with altitude.
SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES

Stop and check
1. Moon, Earth 2. Earth, Sun, Moon
Exercises
A. 1. False. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth.
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IS_TRP 05_Social Studies.indb 146 21-Feb-20 11:37:11 AM

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WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Stop and check

B. 1. c. the amount of traffic to expect on the road 2. a. 30 years

C. 1. Weather 2. Atmosphere 3. Climate 4. Altitude 5. Humidity

IS_TRP 05_Social Studies.indb 145 21-Feb-20 11:37:11 AM

Think and answer

SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES

IS_TRP 05_Social Studies.indb 146 21-Feb-20 11:37:11 AM

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