Thesis Chapter 1

AGRICULTURAL CROP SEED SOWING MACHINE
WITH GRASS CUTTER
MARK JEYRICK L. PALARUAN
MICHAEL JUMAR C. LAIGO
PATRICIA EVITTE V. PANEDA
JETSON C. DELIZO
ROI VINCENT N. ORODIO
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID - LA UNION CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DATE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The completion of this research work took a lot of time, effort, support,
guidance, and inspiration of the following individuals without whom this project
would not have been realized.
The researchers therefore would like to express their heartfelt appreciation

and sincere gratitude to those who have been instrumental in the realization of this
study.
To Engr. Pablo M. Medriano, Jr., their adviser for his assistance and
intelligent guidance and direction throughout the development and completion of this
study.
To Engr. Eric C. Aquino, Engr. Redentor C. Maines, Engr. Russell A.

Rimando, Dr. Hartwell Merza, their panel members and research coordinator, for their
assistance, comments and constructive suggestions.
To Engr. Rogelio Mislang, for accommodating the researchers in his

machine shop and for his supervision during the fabrication of the machine.
To Engr. Ar-Jay P. Galiste, for his contribution, guidance and support in

the automation of the machine.
To their loving parents, brothers and sisters, and other relatives for their
concerns, sacrifices, moral support and fervent prayers for their success.
And above all to Almighty God, the Greatest Author, for His spiritual
help without which this work would not have been possible.
DEDICATION
For the Creator, our God, the source of our strength, wisdom, and dedication;
For our loved ones, our rock, inspiration and loving supporters;
For our instructors, for the patience and understanding;
A sincere thanks, we share to you the completion of a step towards our goals.
Chapter 1
Situational Analysis
The Philippines is primarily an agricultural country with a large portion of
Filipinos living in rural areas and supporting themselves through agricultural
activities. Agriculture plays a significant role in the Philippine economy. Involving
about 40 percent of Filipino workers, it contributes an average of 20 percent to the
Gross Domestic Product. This output comes mainly from agribusiness, which in turn
accounts for about 70 percent of the total agricultural output.
One of the most important steps in agricultural practices is planting seeds.
Seed is a primordial input for crop production and it is the embodiment of past
harvests as well as the promise of future ones (Tripp, 1995). Seeds are the foundation
of human and animal life on earth. The foods we eat, the fibers in the clothes we wear,
and most of the products we use in our daily lives are created from seeds-from corn,
cotton, and canola to wheat, barley, and soybean, to vegetables, flax, and flowers. The
foods we eat, the fibers in the clothes we wear, and most of the products we use in our
daily lives are created from seeds-from corn, cotton, and canola to wheat, barley, and
soybean, to vegetables, flax, and flowers. Seeds are considered the most valuable
resource for farmers. Seeds form the foundation of all agriculture. Without seeds there
is no season’s crop.
According to a study by Urrutia et al.(2018), 32% of Filipino workers worked
in agriculture-related industries in 2013. In the Philippines, traditional agricultural
methods have been practiced for a long time. The country has a large labor force, and
manual planting is common in rural areas. However, this method can be challenging
to implement on a larger scale. In the manual approach, soil is prepared by digging,
and seeds are planted by hand. This process requires specialized labor, as each hole
must be made to the correct depth for the specific seed being used. Several challenges
and problems currently affect Philippine agriculture, including moderate increases in
total factor productivity and factors of production.it requires more manpower to finish
the task within a stipulated time which is costlier. Hence there is a need of developing
such a machine that can help the farmer to scale back his efforts while planting. This
process of using machines is called as mechanization.
Seed sowing machine is a device that helps in sowing of seeds within the
desired position hence assisting the farmers in saving time and money. A mechanized
method of seeding rather than manual broadcasting saves time, seeds, and cost of
cultivation (Sarker et al., 2019). In order to give the seeds a suitable soil cover,
Roshan et al. (2013) . It is necessary to maintain uniform placement of seeds at proper
depth with proper spacing, which is time and cost-saving especially for intercultural
operation (Kachroo and Bazaya, 2011). Additionally, maintaining proper quantity,
distance, depth and in a short period also increases sowing efficiency and reduces
losses of seed and reduces the labor required to a large scale (Mohanta et al., 2019).
The seed sowing machine’s purpose was to meet the needs of farmers facing
challenges such as rising plantation costs, increasing labor costs, and limited labor
availability. It is designed to be operated by a single person, allowing the processes of
digging, placing seeds at uniform intervals, and covering them with soil to occur
simultaneously. Compared to traditional methods, this machine has significantly

reduced the time required for planting as well as labor costs. It has also addressed the
challenges of traditional seed planting techniques. Furthermore, the machine is more
affordable than alternatives like tractors and has the added benefits of being eco-
friendly and easy to troubleshoot.
Therefore, there is a need for a device that allows farmers to plant with less
effort while maximizing crop yields. Additionally, the device aims to make cropping
systems more sustainable, both environmentally and farmer-friendly.

Statement of Objectives Generally
This study aimed to construct and develop a Crop Seed Sowing Machine with
Grass Cutter. It specifically desires to accomplish the following purposes;
1. To Design a Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass Cutter.
2. To fabricate a Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass Cutter.
3. To determine the performance of Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass
Cutter in terms of:
a. Efficiency
b. Accuracy of interval space between batch seeds
c. Accuracy of the furrow’s depth it produces

Time and Place of The Study
This study machine, fabricates and enhances an Agricultural Crop Seed
Sowing Machine with Grass Cutter. The researchers conducted the study entitled
Agricultural Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass Cutter during the First semester
and Second Semester of the Academic Year 2024-2025 at one of the researcher's
house in Bauang, La Union.

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AGRICULTURAL CROP SEED SOWING MACHINE

WITH GRASS CUTTER

MARK JEYRICK L. PALARUAN

MICHAEL JUMAR C. LAIGO

PATRICIA EVITTE V. PANEDA

ROI VINCENT N. ORODIO

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID - LA UNION CAMPUS

CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The researchers therefore would like to express their heartfelt appreciation

To Engr. Eric C. Aquino, Engr. Redentor C. Maines, Engr. Russell A.

To Engr. Rogelio Mislang, for accommodating the researchers in his

To Engr. Ar-Jay P. Galiste, for his contribution, guidance and support in

For our instructors, for the patience and understanding;

The Philippines is primarily an agricultural country with a large portion of

Filipinos living in rural areas and supporting themselves through agricultural

activities. Agriculture plays a significant role in the Philippine economy. Involving

about 40 percent of Filipino workers, it contributes an average of 20 percent to the

accounts for about 70 percent of the total agricultural output.

One of the most important steps in agricultural practices is planting seeds.

According to a study by Urrutia et al.(2018), 32% of Filipino workers worked

in agriculture-related industries in 2013. In the Philippines, traditional agricultural

to implement on a larger scale. In the manual approach, soil is prepared by digging,

and problems currently affect Philippine agriculture, including moderate increases in

process of using machines is called as mechanization.

Roshan et al. (2013) . It is necessary to maintain uniform placement of seeds at proper

operation (Kachroo and Bazaya, 2011). Additionally, maintaining proper quantity,

availability. It is designed to be operated by a single person, allowing the processes of

simultaneously. Compared to traditional methods, this machine has significantly

challenges of traditional seed planting techniques. Furthermore, the machine is more

friendly and easy to troubleshoot.

systems more sustainable, both environmentally and farmer-friendly.

Grass Cutter. It specifically desires to accomplish the following purposes;

1. To Design a Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass Cutter.

2. To fabricate a Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass Cutter.

3. To determine the performance of Crop Seed Sowing Machine with Grass

Cutter in terms of:

b. Accuracy of interval space between batch seeds

c. Accuracy of the furrow’s depth it produces

This study machine, fabricates and enhances an Agricultural Crop Seed

house in Bauang, La Union.

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