CMTH211 SN23 Hip Buttock Groin

CMTH211
Session 23
Hip, Buttock & Groin
Chinese Medicine
Topics Covered
• Classical, clinical and research-based literature

• Pathogenesis and pattern differentiation
• Applied theories of point combinations and prescriptions
• Chinese medicine treatment and therapies
• Inter-professional management strategies
• Outcome measures
CMTH211 3
Chinese Medicine Department / 10/01/2023
© Endeavour College of Natural Health
Pre Readings
o Callison, M. (2019). Sports medicine

acupuncture an integrated approach combining
sports medicine and traditional Chinese
medicine. AcuSport Education. Chapter 10
(Low Back, Hip and Groin Injuries)
o Legge, D. (2011).Close to the bone: The

treatment of musculoskeletal disorder with
acupuncture and other traditional Chinese
medicine (3rd ed.). Sydney College Press.
(pp265-284)
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Topics Covered
• Soft Tissue injuries tender muscles

• Muscle Imbalances of the pelvis
• Trochanteric Bursitis/ Osteoarthritis of the hip
• Strain of the adductors
For most of these conditions, especially in the acute phase

minimum of two treatments per week. Reassess after 4-6
treatments.
CMTH211 5
Some research conclusions about acupuncture and hip
pain
”Cortisone injections for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome did not provide greater
pain relief or reduction in functional limitations than local acupuncture. Our data
suggest that local acupuncture is a non-inferior treatment alternative to cortisone
injections in this patient population.” (Kindyle et al, 2017)
“Acupuncture may be a viable adjunct to pharmacological approaches for pain
management after total hip or total knee replacement. (Crespin et al. 2015)
“For elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture, Acupuncture around Greater
Tuberosity of Femur combined with acupuncture at the Xuehai acupoint can
more effectively relieve their postoperative pain and postoperative inflammation
and more strongly promote their postoperative recovery of hip joint function.” (Li
et al., 2021)
“Acupuncture probably has little or no effect in reducing pain or improving function
relative to sham acupuncture in people with hip osteoarthritis.” (Manheimer et al.,
2018)
“Findings from our study demonstrate that Auricular acupuncture could be used to
reduce postoperative analgesic requirement.” (Usichenko et al., 2005)
CMTH211 6
Jing Jin of the hip buttock and groin
Lateral line
Bladder Channel: G. Max and Bladder Jing Jin
Hamstrings (deep external rotators)

Gall Bladder Channel G. Medius, G.
Min, TFL
Stomach Channel (Quadriceps)
Kidney/LR/SP Groin adductors
(common Attachment site)
Spleen Psoas muscle
See the Muscle Distribution Handout

(Kendall)
Note. From The dao of Chinese medicine understanding an ancient healing art (p224), by D. Kendall, 2002, Oxford University Press. Copyright 2002 by Oxford University Press.
CMTH211 7
Legge’s Jing Jin Distribution
Note. From Close to the bone; the treatment of painful musculoskeletal disorders with acupuncture and other forms of Chinese medicine
( 3rd Ed. p268), by D. Legge, 2011, Sydney College Press. Copyright 2011 by David Legge. CMTH211 8
Importance of Assessing
You will need to assess the patient.
• Palpation – channels/ points, channel sinews site of

complaint etc.
• Lower Body Assessments – See videos in Session 1
• Range of Motion (ROM testing)
• Manual Muscle Testing (MMT Strength of muscles for
stability)
• Specific Orthopaedic testing
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Pelvic Imbalances
In all cases of lower back, hip, and groin pain you need to
assess this.
An imbalanced pelvis will lead to compensatory changes above
and below through the spine, rib cade, shoulders, neck,
knees and lower leg.
Your body will do what ever it can to get your eyes level.
Assessed through observation and palpation methods of
diagnosis.
The best way to do this is to put you body in each of the
positions and see where the stress/ weaknesses are
Tilt, Elevation and Rotation
(Callison 2019; Magee, 2014)
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Anterior/ Posterior Pelvic Tilt Pelvic Tilt
Observing in a lateral view looking for

the relationship of the ASIS to the
PSIS on both sides.
The excessive lordotic curve indicates
Anterior tilt, decreased lordotic (or
pelvis tucked under) indicates
posterior tilt.
Confirm this with palpation of both the
ASIS and PSIS.
Normal is considered ASIS 0.25 inches
lower than PSIS. Anterior tilt is
greater than this, and posterior tilt is
less than this distance. (Callison 2019; Magee, 2014)
CMTH211 11
Note. From Sports medicine acupuncture an integrated approach combining sports medicine and traditional Chinese medicine
(p645), by M. Callison, 2019, AcuSport Education. Copyright 2019 by Matt Callison/ Acusport Seminar Series Inc.
Forces on the pelvis/ Anterior/posterior tilt
Note. From Orthopedic Physical Assessment (6th Ed. p651), by D. Magee, 2014, Elsevier Saunders. Copyright 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier.
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Consequences of this
Anterior Pelvic Tilt (Lower cross) Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Combination of hip flexion and Combination of hip extension and

lumbosacral hyperextension lumbosacral flexion
Increased in lordotic curve Decreased in lordotic curve
Increased pressure on facet joints Lumbar intervertebral discs pushed

primary L4/L5 posteriorly (more vulnerable to injury)
Lumbar facet joints locked leading to Lengthened low back muscles needing
early degenerative changes to work harder to support the spine
Shortened ligaments of the lower back Shortened abdominal muscles
Shortened hip flexors, weakened Lengthened psoas and shortened

Gluteus Max Gluteus Maximus
Shortened thoracolumbar extensors/ Lengthened low back ligaments
weakened abdominals
Lengthened hamstrings/ shortened Opened and unstable lumbar facet
rectus femoris joints
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Elevated Ilium
Elevated Ilium
Either ilium can be elevated when compared to the

other side. The body compensates with tighter
muscles, iliocostalis and quadratus lumborum
(around Yaoyan). Leading to back and hip pain.
Although it can be due to shorter legs, more likely
due to muscle imbalances caused by repetitive
tasks.
Usually, an imbalance between the adductors and
abductors.
Yin Qiao/ Yang Qiao imbalance between left and
right.
Observation and palpation looking for the relative
elevation of either side. (Callison 2019; Magee, 2014)
CMTH211 14
Elevated Ilium (Yin Heel /Yang Heel Vessel)
Abductor/Adductor Imbalance
Both the adductors (LR) and the abductors

(GB) are associated with wood imbalance
and reflect the imbalance of the Yin & Yin
Qiao/ Heel/ Motility Vessels.
“When the Yang Qiao is ill the Yin Qiao is
relaxed and the Yang Qiao becomes
tense.
“When the Yin Qiao is ill the Yang Qiao is
relaxed and the Yin Qiao becomes tense.”
Nan Jing Chapter 29.
(Callison 2019; Magee, 2014; Unschuld 2016)
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Elevated Ilium is associated with
Lateral Flexion of the lumbar spine to the side of elevation, causing the lumbar
facet joints to compress on the side of elevation and unstable on the other side
Muscle imbalance between hip adductors and hip adductors leading to:
Abduction of the hip joint on the contralateral side and adduction of hip on same
side
Shortened TFL and ITB on contralateral side
Gluteus Medius weakness and quadratus lumborum shortening on same side
Positive Trendelenburg Test probable on same side
Probable SIJ dysfunction on either side of the pelvis
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Pelvic Rotation
Pelvic Rotation
Pelvic rotation is where the pelvis moves

within the transverse plane to the left or
right. Named according to the way the
pelvis is now facing.
Often combined with pelvic tilt and therefore
sacroiliac joints, facet joints and lower
intervertebral discs are often challenged
that makes the correct a treatment priority.
Assess in the lateral plane through observation
and palpation. Observe the Greater
trochanter in reference to the plumb
sideline.
Palpate through both hands on each ASIS and
feel if one is more forward than the other. (Callison 2019; Magee, 2014)
CMTH211 17
Pelvic Rotation is associated with
Muscle shortening of internal oblique and multifidus on the forward side.

The external oblique and erector spinae are shortened on the opposite
side
Probable rectus abdominus weakness
The forward side will have excessive external hip rotation resulting in
shortened piriformis. The opposite side will have excessive internal
rotation resulting in shortened adductor muscles
Probable SIJ fixation on the side of pelvic rotation confirm with Gilett’s
test
On the Forward side of rotation, the femur will move into external
rotation, and on the opposite side the femur will move into internal
rotation.
CMTH211 18
Trendelenburg sign
Figure 7.
This test assesses the ability of the Trendelenburg Sign

gluteus medius and minimus to
stabilise the pelvis and femur.
The patient is asked to bear weight on
one lower extremity and lightly place
the opposite forefoot on the ground.
The normal or negative test is for the
weight-bearing hip to stay neutral or
drop slightly as the other side rises.
Indicating stability of the pelvis.
A positive sign is for the weight-bearing
side to rise superiorly, indicating a
weakness of the gluteal medius/
mininimis.
(Callison, 2019)
Note. From Sports medicine acupuncture an integrated approach combining sports medicine and traditional Chinese medicine CMTH211 19
(p627), by M. Callison, 2019, AcuSport Education. Copyright 2019 by Matt Callison/ Acusport Seminar Series Inc. Chinese Medicine Department / 10/01/2023
Callison’s Point Combinations for correcting postural
problems
Unilateral Anterior Pelvic Tilt: Ipsilateral (same side) LR4 & GB39.5
Unilateral posterior Pelvic Tilt: Ipsilateral (Same side) GB41 & TE5
Bilateral Anterior pelvic Tilt: GB39.5 on side with greatest anterior tilt, GB41
and TE5 on side with lesser anterior pelvic tilt
Bilateral Posterior Pelvic Tilt: GB41 and TE5 on side with greater posterior
pelvic tilt, LR 4 and GB39.5 on the side with the least amount of posterior pelvic
tilt
Pelvic Rotation: GB41, TE5 & GB26 on same side as the forward rotation
Elevated Ilium: LR4 and GB39.5 on the same side of the anterior pelvic tilt.
GB41 and TE5 on same side of the posterior pelvic tilt
CMTH211 20
Local Points to different structures
BL53 – Superior Gluteal Nerve (Nerve to LR9 – Sciatic nerve in Adductor Hiatus
G Min, Ged and TFL)
LR10 – Anterior Branch of Obturator
BL54 – Inferior Gluteal Nerve (Nerve to G. nerve; Adductor Longus
Max)
LR11 – Obturator Nerve
GB30 – Sciatic Nerve, Piriformis (anterior/posterior branches; inguinal
branch of ilioinguinal nerve), Adductor
BL36 Inferior Cluneal Nerve (superficial)
Brevis
Sciatic nerve (deep)
LR12 – Pectineus Muscle
GB29 – Tensa Fascia Lata (TFL)
Extra Point – Gracilis muscle
Extra Point Jian Kua (Gluteus Medius and
Minimus Muscle) GB27 – Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Extra Point huanzhong sciatic Nerve/ GB28 – femoral branch of genitofemoral
Obturator internus muscle nerve
SP12 – femoral Nerve Surround the Greater Trochanter needling
SP13 – Iliacus
(Callison, 2019; Legge, 2011; Netter, 2019)
CMTH211 21
Referral Patterns
Hip Referral Patterns
The nerve root dermatomes

can all refer to the hip
As can many muscles
As well as the facet joints in the
spine and the sacroiliac joint
can all refer to the hip
You need to rule them in or out
as part of the problem.
CMTH211 22
Jian Kua – Special point for the Gluteus Medius/Gluteus
Minimus
Jian Kua Main action:
turns on gluteus medius and minimus if
weak.
Indications:
Lower back pain, hip pain, ITB syndrome,
hip bursitis. If due to weakness.
Location:
On lateral line, midway between the iliac
crest and the greater trochanter.
Approximately 2 cun posterior to GB 29.
Needle deeply 2-3 inches with 2 needles in

the area. Stimulator can be used between
them.
(Bensky & O’Connor, 1981; Reaves, 2009)
Note. From The acupuncture handbook of sports injuries and pain: a four step approach to treatment (p171), by W. Reaves, 2009, Hidden Needle Press
Copyright 2009Hidden Needle Press & Whitfiled Reaves. CMTH211 23
The Importance of positioning when needling GB 30
When describing point location, most acupuncture texts do not

describe how to position the patient when finding the point.
One glaring exception is GB30. The Systematic Classic of
Acupuncture written in the Second Century
“GB-30, in the thigh pivot, lie sideways, straighten the bottom
leg, and bend the top leg, where the Foot Shao yang
channel Qi issues.”
Note the thigh pivot is the hip joint between the femur and the
acetabulum. If you are finding it hard to locate this move the
patient’s top leg towards the ceiling and you will feel the gap.
By location, this is more in the middle of the buttock rather than
the Deadman location (Huang-Fu, 1994; Deadman, 2007)
CMTH211 24
Common Referral Patterns of Gluteus Maximus
Note. From Volume 2 Myofascial pain and dysfunction the trigger point manual: the lower extremities (2nd Ed. p133), by J. Travell & D. Simons, 1997, Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins. Copyright 1997 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
CMTH211 25
Common Referral Patterns of Gluteus Minimus (the
pseudo sciatica muscle)
CMTH211 26
Common Referral Patterns of Tensa Fascia Lata (TFL)
Muscle
CMTH211 27
Common Referral Patterns Piriformis
CMTH211 28
Common Referral pattern of Pectineus muscle
CMTH211 29
Common Referral Patterns of Adductor Group
Adductor Longus and Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis
Note. From Volume 2 Myofascial pain and dysfunction the trigger point manual: the lower extremities (2nd Ed. p291-293), by J. Travell & D. Simons,
1997, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Copyright 1997 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins CMTH211 30
Rule out some red flags here is it MSK hip Pain?
CMTH211 31
Trochanteric Bursitis
CMTH211 32
Trochanteric Bursitis
• The patient usually complains of pain over the lateral hip

worse with activities and worse for direct pressure such as
sleeping.
• The pain usually refers down the GB channel often to the

lateral knee. This condition can often progress to OA of
the hip joint.
• Rule out other conditions such as lumbar nerve root injury,

facet joint and pyriformis.
(Callison, 2019)
CMTH211 33
Trochanteric Bursitis Surrounding the dragon
at the greater trochanter
There are often many muscular imbalances

that have led to this condition, TFL, Gluteus
medius, Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus
treat accordingly.
If treating locally, this condition responds well
to surrounding the dragon needling and
also local moxibustion
Conduct Modified Ober’s test here
Conduct FABER
Conduct FAIR Test
(Callison, 2019; Magee, 2014; Reaves, 2009)

Note. From The acupuncture handbook of sports injuries and pain: a four step approach to treatment (p192), by W. Reaves, 2009, Hidden Needle Press
Copyright 2009 by Hidden Needle Press & Whitfiled Reaves. CMTH211 34
Modified Ober’s Test
This test assesses for a shortened TFL Modified Ober’s Test

(feeding into the ITB).
The Patient is side lying with the bottom leg
slightly flexed for balance.
The practitioner performs the test on the top
leg placing in knee flexion hip abduction
and hip extension. Other hand stabilizes
the pelvis to prevent the toros from
twisting.
As the practitioner lowers the leg from
abducted position observe how far the leg
moves into adduction. Normal ROM is 10
degree horizontal from hip joint.
Positive test is indicated by the inability to
lower the testing leg indicating a tight TFL.
(Callison, 2019)
FABER (Patrick’s) Test
FABER Test
FABER Test is primarily used to assess hip joint
pathology, SIJ pain and flexibility of adductor
muscles.
The patient is supine with the hip flexed and
externally rotated so that the ankle is placed on
the knee of the opposite leg. The practitioner
places one hand on the opposite ASIS to
stabilize
Allow for normal ROM of hip abduction (normally
falls to the same level as other leg)
If this fails to happen can be tight/ shortened
iliopsoas and/or adductors longus muscle.
Limited ROM can also indicate hip joint capsule,
and the patient may feel problem with the SIJ,
indicating dysfunction.
It can also be done with over-pressure on the knee
(Callison, 2019)
downwards to reproduce the pain.
FAIR test
FAIR Test
This test is used to assess whether the sciatic
nerve paresthesia is possibly from an
anatomical anomaly of the deep gluteal space.
The patient is side-lying with the hip flexed 80-90
and adducted, so the knee is on the table. The
knee is flexed to 90 degrees, and the hip is
internally rotated so the foot is in the air.
The practitioner places one hand on the lateral hip
for stabilization while placing the other hand
around the medial malleolus.
The patient is asked to press the ankle into the
patient hand, creating the isometric contraction
of external hip rotation.
A positive test is indicated by pain in the piriformis
and/or reproducing the paresthesia pain pattern.
(Callison, 2019; Magee, 2014)
Callison’s Channel Treatment for Trochanteric Bursitis and
ITB
Legge’s Treatment Ideas
Principle points:
▪ GB 29 & GB 30 (local points)
▪ GB 40 (distal point, Yuan-Source Point and dispersing action)
▪ BL 62 (Opening point of Yang-Qiao)
▪ SP 6 (resolve damp, invigorate Qi)
Supplement points:
▪ GB 27 or GB 28 (radiating pain); SP 3 & ST 36 (with dampness);

BL 30 (with Cold); GB 43 & ST 44 (with heat)
(Callison, 2019; Magee, 2014; Reaves, 2009)
CMTH211 39
Other useful Therapies
• Laser (LLLT)
• Electro acupuncture
• Moxa including needle head moxibustion
• Gua sha
• Tuina techniques above and below area
(Callison, 2019; Legge, 2011)
CMTH211 40
Piriformis Tension (Syndrome)
CMTH211 41
Piriformis Syndrome
This condition results from tension or Variations of the piriformis

and sciatic nerve
tightness in the piriformis muscle. This
pressure results in a presentation that
can mimic sciatic-like syndromes
where paresthesia can be felt up and
down the leg, and lower back.
Primarily they complain of buttock pain.
This is an important Differential Diagnosis
for sciatica.
Some people also have various
anatomical abnormalities of the sciatic
nerve and piriformis muscle.
Conduct FAIR Test
CMTH211 42
Figure 17.
Anterior Hip Muscles
Strains of the Adductors
Note. From File:Anterior hip muscles 2.PNG - Wikimedia Commons [Image], by Beth ohara, 2006,, Wikimedia (https://tinyurl.com/585brs4d) CC BY-SA 3.0
CMTH211 43
Adductor Strains
Groin Strains/ Adductor Strains refer to strains of the adductor

longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus and
gracilis.
Usually from a sports injury that requires a sudden change of

direction, and the patient complains of frontal hip pain in the
medial aspect of the groin and or running down the leg
For us, the groin muscles are the SP/LR and Kidney Channels
These muscles form a common attachment site and are facially
continuous with the pelvic floor and lower abdominal
muscles.
(Callison, 2019; Unschuld, 2016)
CMTH211 44
Lee’s Approach to groin Strains with Electroacupuncture
Locate the insertion of the tendon

that is painful palpate accordingly,
and identify tender spots in the
muscle to complete the circuit
Insert the needles close to the
tendon attachment or Pick LR10-
Electro of the Groin
12
He pairs to the affected muscle belly
2Hz electro with mild contraction
4-5 treatments over 3 weeks
resolved the mild tears in the
groin muscle
Note. From Electroacupuncture handbook for musculoskeletal problems (p 96-7), by S. Lee, 2018,Acuman Books. Copyright 2014 by Stephen Lee.
CMTH211 45
Practical needling
GB29
Jian Kua
Motor Points of Gluteus Medius and Minimus
BL53/BL54
BL36
LR10
San Cha San (threading to Yao Tong Xue)
CMTH211 46
REFERENCES
Bensky, D, O’Connor, J. (1981). Acupuncture: a comprehensive text. Eastland Press.
Beth ohara. (2006). File:Anterior hip muscles 2.PNG - Wikimedia Commons [Image].
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
Callison, M. (2019). Sports medicine acupuncture an integrated approach combining sports medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
AcuSport Education.
Chan Gunn, C. (1989). The Gunn approach to the treatment of chronic pain: intramuscular stimulation for myofascial pain of radiculopathic
origin (Second). Churchill Livingstone.
Chiang, P. (2021). Neuro-Meridian integrative acupuncture: lower extremity - update. https://healthyseminars.com/product/neuro-
meridian-integrative-acupuncture-lower-extremity-update
Crespin, D., Griffin, K., Johnson, J., Miller, C., Finch, M., Rivard, R., Anseth, S., & Dusek, J. (2015). Acupuncture provides short-term pain
relief for patients in a total joint replacement program. Physiology & Behavior, 16(6), 1195–1203.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.014.CagY
Deadman, P. (2007). A manual of acupuncture (Second). Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications.
Kindyle L. Brennan, PT, PhD, Bryce C. Allen, MD, Yolanda Munoz Maldonado, P. B. S. &. (2019). Dry Needling vs Cortisone Injection in the
Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.6994
Lee, S. (2018). Electroacupuncture handbook for musculoskeletal problems. Acuman Books.
Legge, D. (2011). Close to the bone: The treatment of painful musculoskeletal disorders with acupuncture and other forms of Chinese
medicine (3rd ed.). Sydney College Press.
Li, H., Wang, B., & Chen, C. (2021). Acupuncture around the greater tuberosity of the femur combined with acupuncture at Xuehai
acupoint alleviates the postoperative pain of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture. American Journal of Translational
Research, 13(7), 8372–8378. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340171/
CMTH211 47
REFERENCES
Magee, D. (2014). Orthopedic Physical Assessment (Sixth). Elsevier Saunders.
Manheimer, E., Cheng, K., Ls, W., Shen, X., Lao, L., Guo, M., & Bm, B. (2018). Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis ( Review ). Cochrane
Library, 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013010.www.cochranelibrary.com
Travell, J, Simons, D. (1997). Volume 2 Myofascial pain and dysfunction the trigger point manual: the lower extremities (2nd ed.).
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Unschuld, P. (2016). Huang Di nei jing ling shu : the ancient classic on needle therapy, the complete Chinese text with annotated English
translation. University of California Press. www.ebsohost.com
Usichenko, T. I., Dinse, M., Hermsen, M., Witstruck, T., Pavlovic, D., & Lehmann, C. (2005). Auricular acupuncture for pain relief after total
hip arthroplasty - A randomized controlled study. Pain, 114(3), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.08.021
CMTH211 48

CMTH211 SN23 Hip Buttock Groin

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CMTH211

• Classical, clinical and research-based literature

o Callison, M. (2019). Sports medicine

o Legge, D. (2011).Close to the bone: The

• Soft Tissue injuries tender muscles

For most of these conditions, especially in the acute phase

Hamstrings (deep external rotators)

See the Muscle Distribution Handout

You will need to assess the patient.

• Palpation – channels/ points, channel sinews site of

Observing in a lateral view looking for

Combination of hip flexion and Combination of hip extension and

Increased pressure on facet joints Lumbar intervertebral discs pushed

Shortened hip flexors, weakened Lengthened psoas and shortened

Either ilium can be elevated when compared to the

Both the adductors (LR) and the abductors

Nan Jing Chapter 29.

(Callison 2019; Magee, 2014; Unschuld 2016)

Elevated Ilium is associated with

Shortened TFL and ITB on contralateral side

Gluteus Medius weakness and quadratus lumborum shortening on same side

Positive Trendelenburg Test probable on same side

Probable SIJ dysfunction on either side of the pelvis

Pelvic rotation is where the pelvis moves

Pelvic Rotation is associated with

Muscle shortening of internal oblique and multifidus on the forward side.

This test assesses the ability of the Trendelenburg Sign

The nerve root dermatomes

Needle deeply 2-3 inches with 2 needles in

When describing point location, most acupuncture texts do not

Adductor Longus and Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis

• The patient usually complains of pain over the lateral hip

• The pain usually refers down the GB channel often to the

• Rule out other conditions such as lumbar nerve root injury,

There are often many muscular imbalances

(Callison, 2019; Magee, 2014; Reaves, 2009)

This test assesses for a shortened TFL Modified Ober’s Test

▪ GB 29 & GB 30 (local points)

▪ GB 40 (distal point, Yuan-Source Point and dispersing action)

▪ BL 62 (Opening point of Yang-Qiao)

▪ SP 6 (resolve damp, invigorate Qi)

▪ GB 27 or GB 28 (radiating pain); SP 3 & ST 36 (with dampness);

(Callison, 2019; Magee, 2014; Reaves, 2009)

(Callison, 2019; Legge, 2011)

This condition results from tension or Variations of the piriformis

Anterior Hip Muscles

Strains of the Adductors

Groin Strains/ Adductor Strains refer to strains of the adductor

Usually from a sports injury that requires a sudden change of

Locate the insertion of the tendon

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