Strength of Materials

1. Strain is defined as the ratio of (a) change in volume to original volume (b) change in length to original
length (c) change in cross-sectional area to original cross-sectional area (d) any one of the above (e) none
of the above. Ans: d
2. Hooke's law holds good up to (a) yield point (b) limit of proportionality (c) breaking point (d) elastic
limit (e) plastic limit. Ans: b
3. Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of (a) volumetric stress and volumetric strain (b) lateral stress
and lateral strain (c) longitudinal stress and longitudinal strain (d) shear stress to shear strain (e)
longitudinal stress and lateral strain. Ans: c
4. The unit of Young's modulus is (a)mm/mm (b)kg/cm (c)kg (d)kg/cm2 (e)kg cm2. Ans: d
5.Deformation per unit length in the direction of force is known as (a)strain (b) lateral strain (c) linear
strain (d) linear stress (e) unit strain. Ans: c
6. It equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to elongate it, the stress so produced is called (a)
internal resistanpe (b) tensile stress (c) transverse stress (d) compressive stress (e) working stress. Ans: b
7. The materials having same elastic properties in all directions are called (a) ideal materials (b) uniform
materials (c) isotropic materials (d) paractical materials (e) elastic materials. Ans: c
8. A thin mild steel wire is loaded by adding loads in equal increments till it breaks. The extensions noted
with increasing loads will behave as under (a) uniform throughout (b) increase uniformly (c) first increase
and then decrease (d) increase uniformly first and then increase rapidly (e) increase rapidly first and then
uniformly. Ans: d
9. Modulus of rigidity is defined as the ratio of (a) longitudinal stress and longitudinal strain (b)
volumetric stress and volumetric strain (c) lateral stress and lateral strain (d) shear stress and shear strain
(e) linear stress and lateral strain. Ans: d
10. If the radius of wire stretched by a load is doubled, then its Young's modulus will be (a) doubled (b)
halved (c) become four times (d) become one-fourth (e) remain unaffected. Ans: e
11. The ultimate tensile stress of mild steel compared to ultimate compressive stress is (a) same (b) more
(c) less (d) more or less depending on other factors (e) unpredictable. Ans: b
12. Tensile strength of a material is obtained by dividing the maximum load during the test by the (a) area
at the time of fracture (b) original cross-sectional area (c) average of (a) and (b) (d) minimum area after
fracture (e) none of the above. Ans: b
13. The impact strength of a material is an index of its (a) toughness (b) tensile strength (c) capability of
being cold worked (d) hardness (e) fatigue strength. Ans: a
14. The Young's modulus of a wire is defined as the stress which will increase the length of wire
compared to its original length (a) half (b) same amount (c) double (d) one-fourth (e) four times. Ans: b
15. Percentage reduction of area in performing tensile test on cast iron may be of the order of (a) 50% (b)
25% (c) 0% (d) 15% (e) 60%. Ans: c
16. The intensity of stress which causes unit strain is called (a) unit stress (b) bulk modulus (c) modulus
of rigidity (d) modulus of elasticity (e) principal stress. Ans: d
17. True stress-strain curve for materials is plotted between (a) load/original cross-sectional area and
change in length/original length (b) load/instantaneous cross-sectional area original area and log. (c)
load/instantaneous cross-sectional area and change in length/original length (d) load/instantaneous area
and instantaneous area/original area (e) none of the above. Ans: b
18. During a tensile test on a specimen of 1 cm cross-section, maximum load observed was 8 tonnes and
area of cross-section at neck was 0.5 cm2. Ultimate tensile strength of specimen is (a) 4 tonnes/cm2 (b) 8
tonnes/cm2 (c) 16 tonnes/cm2 (d) 22 tonnes/cm2 (e) none of the above. Ans: b
19. For steel, the ultimate strength in shear as compared to in tension is nearly (a) same (b) half (c) one-
third (d) two-third (e) one-fourth. Ans: b
20. Which is the false statement about true stress-strain method (a) It does not exist (b) It is more sensitive
to changes in both metallurgical and mechanical conditions (c) It gives, a more accurate picture of the
ductility (d) It can be correlated with stress-strain values in other tests like torsion, impact, combined
stress tests etc. (e) It can be used for compression tests as well. Ans: a
21. In a tensile test on mild steel specimen, the breaking stress as compared to ultimate tensile stress is (a)
more (b) less (c) same (d) more/less depending on composition (e) may have any value. Ans: b
22. If a part is constrained to move and heated, it will develop (a) principal stress (b) tensile stress (c)
compressive stress (d) shear stress (e) no stress. Ans: c
23. Which of the following materials is most elastic (a) rubber (b) plastic (c) brass (d) steel (e) glass. Ans:
d 25. The value of modulus of elasticity for mild steel is of the order of (a) 2.1xl05 kg/cm2 (b) 2.1 X 106
kg/cm2 (c) 2.1 x 107 kg/cm2 (d) 0.1 xlO6 kg/cm2 Ans: b
25. The value of Poisson's ratio for steel is between (a) 0.01 to 0.1 (b) 0.23 to 0.27 (c) 0.25 to 0.33 (d) 0.4
to 0.6 (e) 3 to 4. Ans: c
26. The buckling load for a given material depends on (a) slenderness ratio and area of cross-section (b)
Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity (c) slenderness ratio and modulus of elasticity (d) slenderness
ratio, area of cross-section and modulus of elasticity (e) Poisson's ratio and slenderness ratio. Ans: d
27. The total elongation produced in a bar of uniform section hanging vertically downwards due to its
own weight is equal to that produced by a weight (a) of same magnitude as that of bar and applied at the
lower end (b) half the weight of bar applied at lower end (c) half of the square of weight of bar applied at
lower end (d) one-fourth of weight of bar applied at lower end (e) none of the above. Ans: b 28. The
property of a material by virtue of which a body returns to its original, shape after removal of the load is
called (a) plasticity (b) elasticity (c) ductility (d) malleability (e) resilience. Ans: b
29. The materials which exhibit the same elastic properties in all directions are called (a) homogeneous
(b) inelastic (c) isotropic (d) isentropic (e) visco-elastic. Ans: c
30. The value of Poisson's ratio for cast iron is (a) 0.1 to 0.2 (b) 0.23 to 0.27 (c) 0.25 to 0.33 (d) 0.4 to 0.6
(e) 3 to 4. Ans: b 32. The property of a material which allows it to be drawn into a smaller section is
called (a) plasticity (b) ductility (c) elasticity (d) malleability (e) drawabihty. Ans: b
31. Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of (a) longitudinal stress and longitudinal strain (b) longitudinal
stress and lateral stress (c) lateral stress and longitudinal stress (d) lateral stress and lateral strain (e) none
of the above. Ans: c
32. For which material the Poisson's ratio is more than unity (a) steel (b) copper (c) aluminium (d) cast
iron (e) none of the above. Ans: e
33. The property of a material by virtue of which it can be beaten or rolled into plates is called (a)
malleability (b) ductility (c) plasticity (d) elasticity (e) reliability. Ans: a
34. The change in the unit volume of a material under tension with increase in its Poisson's ratio will , (a)
increase (b) decrease (c) remain same (d) increase initially and then decrease (e) unpredictable. Ans: b 35.
The percentage reduction in area of a cast iron specimen during tensile test would be of the order of (a)
more than 50% (b) 25—50% (c) 10—25% (d) 5—10% (e) negligible. Ans: e
36. If a material expands freely due to heating it will develop (a) thermal stresses (b) tensile stress (c)
bending (d) compressive stress (e) no stress. Ans: e
37. In a tensile test, near the elastic limit zone, the (a) tensile strain increases more quickly (b) tensile
strain decreases more quickly (c) tensile strain increases in proportion to the stress (d) tensile strain
decreases in proportion to the stress (e) tensile strain remains constant. Ans: a
38. The stress necessary to initiate yielding is (a) considerably greater than that necessary to continue it
(b) considerably lesser than that necessary to continue it (c) greater than that necessary to stop it (d) lesser
than that necessary to stop it (e) equal to that necessary to stop it. Ans: a
39. In the tensile test, the phenomenon of slow extension of the material, i. e. stress increasing with the
time at a constant load is called (a) creeping (b) yielding (c) breaking (d) plasticity (e) none of the above.
Ans: a
40. The stress developed in a material at breaking point in extension is called (a) breaking stress (b)
fracture stress (c) yield point stress (d) ultimate tensile stress (e) proof stress. Ans: a
41. Rupture stress is (a) breaking stress (b) maximum load/original cross-sectional area (c) load at
breaking point/A (d) load at breaking point/neck area (e) maximum stress. Ans: d
42. The elasticity of various materials is controlled by its (a) ultimate tensile stress (b) proof stress (c)
stress at yield point (d) stress at elastic limit (e) tensile stress. Ans: d
43. The ratio of lateral strain to the linear strain within elastic limit is known as (a) Young's modulus (b)
bulk modulus (c) modulus of rigidity (d) modulus of elasticity (e) Poisson's ratio. Ans: e
44. The ratio of direct stress to volumetric strain in case of a body subjected to three mutually
perpendicular stresses of equal intensity, is equal to (a) Young's modulus (b) bulk modulus (c) modulus of
rigidity (d) modulus of elasticity (e) Poisson's ratio. Ans: b
45. The stress at which extension of the material takes place more quickly as compared to the increase in
load is called (a) elastic point of the material (b) plastic point of the material (c) breaking point of the
material (d) yielding point of the material (e) ultimate point of the material. Ans: d
46. The energy absorbed in a body, when it is strained within the elastic limits, is known as (a) strain
energy (b) resilience (c) proof resilience (d) modulus of resilience (e) toughness.. Ans: a
47. Resilience of a material is considered when it is subjected to (a) frequent heat treatment (b) fatigue (c)
creep (d) shock loading (e) resonant condition. Ans: d
48. The maximum strain energy that can be stored in a body is known as (a) impact energy (b) resilience
(c) proof resilience (d) modulus of resilience (e) toughness. Ans: c
49. The total strain energy stored in a body is termed as (a) resilience (b) proof resilience (c) modulus of
resilience (d) toughness (e) impact energy. Ans: a
50. Proof resilience per material is known as (a) resilience (b) proof resilience (c) modulus of resilience
(d) toughness (e) impact energy. Ans: c
51. The stress induced in a body due to suddenly applied load compared to when it is applied gradually is
(a) same (b) half (c) two times (d) four times (e) none of the above. Ans: c
52. The strain energy stored in a body due to suddenly applied load compared to when it is applied
gradually is (a) same (b) twice (c) four times (d) eight times (e) half. Ans: c
53. A material capable of absorbing large amount of energy before fracture is known as (a) ductility (b)
toughness (c) resilience (d) shock proof (e) plasticity. Ans: b
54. A beam is loaded as cantilever. If the load at the end is increased, the failure will occur (a) in the
middle (b) at the tip below the load (c) at the support (d) anywhere (e) none of the above. Ans: d
55. A non-yielding support implies that the (a) support is frictionless (b) support can take any amount of
reaction (c) support holds member firmly (d) slope of the beam at the support is zero (e) none of the
above. Ans: d
56. The ratio of elongation in a prismatic bar due to its own weight (W) as compared to another similar
bar carrying an additional weight (W) will be (a) 1:2 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 2.5 (e) 1 : 2.25. Ans: b
57. A boiler shell 200 cm diameter and plate thickness 1.5 cm is subjected to internal pressure of 1.5
MN/m , then the hoop stress will be (a) 30 MN/m2 (b) 50 MN/m2 (c) 100 MN/m2 (d) 200 MN/m2 (e)
300 MN/m2. Ans: c
58. A cylindrical section having no joint is known as (a) jointless section (b) homogeneous section (c)
perfect section (d) manufactured section (e) seamless section. Ans: e
59. Longitudinal stress in a thin cylinder is (a) equal to the hoop stress (b) twice the hoop stress (c) half of
the hoop stress (d) one-fourth of hoop stress (e) four times the hoop stress. Ans: c
60. The torsional rigidity of a shaft is expressed by the (a) maximum torque it can transmit (b) number of
cycles it undergoes before failure (c) elastic limit up to which it resists torsion, shear and bending stresses
(d) torque required to produce a twist of one radian per unit length of shaft (e) maximum power it can
transmit at highest possible-speed. Ans: d
61. The value of shear stress which is induced in the shaft due to the applied couple varies (a) from
maximum at the center to zero at the circumference (b) from zero at the center to maximum at the
circumference (c) from maximum at the center to mini-mum at the cricumference (d) from minimum at
the centro to maxi-mum at the circumference (e) none of the above. Ans: b
62. Shear stress induced in a shaft subjected to tension will be (a) maximum at periphery and zero at
center (b) maximum at center (c) uniform throughout (d) average value in center (e) none of the above.
Ans: e
63.A number of forces acting at a point will be in equilibrium if (A) Their total sum is zero (B) Two
resolved parts in two directions at right angles are equal (C) Sum of resolved parts in any two
perpendicular directions are both zero (D) All of them are inclined equally Answer: Option C
64. The center of gravity of a triangle lies at the point of (A) Concurrence of the medians (B) Intersection
of its altitudes (C) Intersection of bisector of angles (D) Intersection of diagonals Answer: Option A
65.The deflection of any rectangular beam simply supported, is (A) Directly proportional to its weight (B)
Inversely proportional to its width (C) Inversely proportional to the cube of its depth (D) Directly
proportional to the cube of its length Answer: Option C
66.A beam is said to be of uniform strength, if (A) B.M. is same throughout the beam (B) Deflection is
same throughout the beam (C) Bending stress is same throughout the beam (D) Shear stress is same
throughout the beam Answer: Option C
67.The tensile force required to cause an elongation of 0.045 mm in a steel rod of 1000 mm length and 12
mm diameter, is (where E = 2 × 106 kg/cm2 ) (A) 166 kg (B) 102 kg (C) 204 kg (D) 74 kg Answer:
Option B
68. If a circular beam of diameter d experiences a longitudinal strain P/E and a lateral strain 2P/mE, the
volumetric strain is (A) (P/E) + (2P/mE) (B) (P/E) - (2P/mE) (C) (P/E) + (mE/2P) (D) (P/E) - (mE/2P)
Answer: Option B
69. The value of Poisson's ratio always remains (A) Greater than one (B) Less than one (C) Equal to one
(D) None of these Answer: Option B
70. Center of gravity of a thin hollow cone lies on the axis at a height of (A) One-fourth of the total height
above base (B) One-third of the total height above base (C) One-half of the total height above base (D)
Three-eighth of the total height above the base Answer: Option B
71. The intensity of direct longitudinal stress in the cross-section at any point distant r from the neutral
axis, is proportional to (A) r (B) 1/r (C) r2 (D) 1/r² Answer: Option A
72. The ratio of the moments of resistance of a solid circular shaft of diameter D and a hollow shaft
(external diameter D and internal diameter d), is (A) D 4 /(D 4 - d 4 ) (B) D 3 /(D 3 - d 3 ) (C) (D 4 - d 4
)/D 4 (D) (D 3 - d 3 )/D 3 Answer: Option A
73. The maximum bending moment due to a moving load on a simply supported beam, occurs (A) At the
mid span (B) At the supports (C) Under the load (D) Anywhere on the beam Answer: Option C
74. During a tensile test on a ductile material (A) Nominal stress at fracture is higher than the ultimate
stress (B) True stress at fracture is higher than the ultimate stress (C) True stress at fracture is the same as
the ultimate stress (D) None of these Answer: Option B
75. When equal and opposite forces applied to a body, tend to elongate it, the stress so produced, is called
(A) Shear stress (B) Compressive stress (C) Tensile stress (D) Transverse stress Answer: Option C
76. In a shaft shear stress intensity at a point is not (A) Directly proportional to the distance from the axis
(B) Inversely proportional to the distance from the axis (C) Inversely proportional to the polar moment of
inertia (D) Directly proportional to the applied torque Answer: Option B
77. Center of gravity of a solid cone lies on the axis at the height (A) One-fourth of the total height above
base (B) One-third of the total height above base (C) One-half of the total height above base (D) Three-
eighth of the total height above the base Answer: Option A
78. A cantilever beam rectangular in cross-section is subjected to an isolated load at its free end. If the
width of the beam is doubled, the deflection of the free end will be changed in the ratio of (A) 8 (B) 1/8
(C) 1/2 (D) 3 Answer: Option C
79. In rectangular columns (cross-section b × h), the core is a (A) Rectangle of lengths b/2 and h/2 (B)
Square of length b/2 (C) Rhombus of length h/2 (D) Rhombus of diagonals b/3 and h/3 Answer: Option D
80. The property of a material by which it can be beaten or rolled into thin plates, is called (A)
Malleability (B) Ductility (C) Plasticity (D) Elasticity Answer: Option A
81. The property by which a body returns to its original shape after removal of the force, is called (A)
Plasticity (B) Elasticity (C) Ductility (D) Malleability Answer: Option B
82. Forces are called coplanar when all of them acting on body lie in (A) One point (B) One plane (C)
Different planes (D) Perpendicular planes Answer: Option B
83. The stress necessary to initiate yielding, is considerably (A) More than that necessary to continue it
(B) Less than that necessary to continue it (C) More than that necessary to stop it (D) Less than that
necessary to stop it Answer: Option A
84. The radius of gyration of a rectangular section is not proportional to (A) Square root of the moment of
inertia (B) Square root of the inverse of the area (C) Square root of the moment of inertia divided by area
of the section (D) None of these Answer: Option D
85. The maximum deflection of (A) A simply supported beam carrying a uniformly increasing load from
either end and having the apex at the mid span is WL3 /60EI (B) A fixed ended beam carrying a
distributed load over the span is WL3 /384EI (C) A fixed ended beam carrying a concentrated load at the
mid span is WL3 /192EI (D) All the above Answer: Option D
86. A cantilever carries is uniformly distributed load W over its whole length and a force W acts at its free
end upward. The net deflection of the free end will be (A) Zero (B) (5/24) (WL3 /EI) upward (C) (5/24)
(WL3 /EI) downward (D) None of these Answer: Option B
87. The C.G. of a plane lamina will not be at its geometrical centre in the case of a (A) Right angled
triangle (B) Equilateral triangle (C) Square (D) Circle Answer: Option A
88. Strain energy of a member may be equated to (A) Average resistance × displacement (B) ½ stress ×
strain × area of its cross-section (C) ½ stress × strain × volume of the member (D) ½ (stress)2 × volume
of the member + Young's modulus E Answer: Option D
89. The stress in the wall of a cylinder in a direction normal to its longitudinal axis, due to a force acting
along the circumference, is known as (A) Yield stress (B) Longitudinal stress (C) Hoop stress (D)
Circumferential stress Answer: Option C
90. According to principle of moments (A) If a system of coplanar forces is in equilibrium, then their
algebraic sum is zero (B) If a system of coplanar forces is in equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of their
moments about any point in their plane is zero (C) The algebraic sum of the moments of any two forces
about any point is equal to moment of their resultant about the same point (D) Positive and negative
couples can be balanced Answer: Option B
91. Along the neutral axis of a simply supported beam (A) Fibres do not undergo strain (B) Fibres
undergo minimum strain (C) Fibres undergo maximum strain (D) None of these Answer: Option A
92. If a constant section beam is subjected to a uniform bending moment throughout, its length bends to
(A) A circular arc (B) A parabolic arc (C) A catenary (D) None of these Answer: Option A
93. Strain energy of any member may be defined as work done on it (A) To deform it (B) To resist
elongation (C) To resist shortening (D) All the above Answer: Option D
94. D' Alembert's principle is used for (A) Reducing the problem of kinetics to equivalent statics problem
(B) Determining stresses in the truss (C) Stability of floating bodies (D) Designing safe structures
Answer: Option A
95. In a beam, the neutral plane (A) May be its centre (B) Passes through the C.G. of the area of cross-
section (C) Does not change during deformation (D) None of these Answer: Option C
96. The algebraic sum of moments of the forces forming couple about any point in their plane is (A)
Equal to the moment of the couple (B) Constant (C) Both of above are correct (D) Both of above are
wrong Answer: Option A
97. The ratio of elongations of a conical bar due to its own weight and that of a prismatic bar of the same
length, is (A) 1/2 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/5 Answer: Option B
98. A simply supported beam of span L carries a concentrated load W at its mid-span. The maximum
bending moment M is (A) WL/2 (B) WL/4 (C) WL/8 (D) WL/12 Answer: Option B
99. If three forces acting in different planes can be represented by a triangle, these will be in (A) Non-
equilibrium (B) Partial equilibrium (C) Full equilibrium (D) None of the above Answer: Option A
100. A simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load over its whole span, is propped at the
centre of the span so that the beam is held to the level of the end supports. The reaction of the prop will be
(A) Half the distributed load (B) 3/8th the distributed load (C) 5/8th the distributed load (D) Distributed
load Answer: Option C
Submitted by- Mr. Apurba Pal