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SQL Cheat Sheet: Accessing Databases using Python

SQLite

Topic Syntax Description Example

Create a new database and open
a database connection to allow 1. 1
sqlite3 to work with it. Call 2. 2
sqlite3.connect() to
connect() sqlite3.connect() create a connection to the 1. import sqlite3
database INSTRUCTOR.db in 2. con = sqlite3.connect("INSTRUCTOR.db")
the current working directory,
implicitly creating it if it does Copied!
not exist.
To execute SQL statements and 1. 1
fetch results from SQL queries,
cursor() con.cursor() use a database cursor. Call 1. cursor_obj = con.cursor()
con.cursor() to create the
Cursor. Copied!
The execute method in
Python's SQLite library allows
to perform SQL commands,
including retrieving data from a 1. 1
table using a query like "Select
execute() cursor_obj.execute() * from table_name." When you 1. cursor_obj.execute('''insert into INSTRUCTOR values (1, 'Rav', 'Ahuja', 'TORONTO', 'CA')''')
execute this command, the
result is obtained as a Copied!
collection of table data stored
in an object, typically in the
form of a list of lists.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
The fetchall() method in 5. 5
Python retrieves all the rows
fetchall() cursor_obj.fetchall() from the result set of a query 1. statement = '''SELECT * FROM INSTRUCTOR'''
and presents them as a list of 2. cursor_obj.execute(statement)
tuples. 3. output_all = cursor_obj.fetchall()
4. for row_all in output_all:
5. print(row_all)

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1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
The fetchmany() method
4. 4
retrieves the subsequent group
of rows from the result set of a 5. 5
query rather than just a single
fetchmany() cursor_obj.fetchmany() row. To fetch a few rows from 1. statement = '''SELECT * FROM INSTRUCTOR'''
the table, use 2. cursor_obj.execute(statement)
fetchmany(numberofrows) and 3. output_many = cursor_obj.fetchmany(2)
mention how many rows you 4. for row_many in output_many:
want to fetch. 5. print(row_many)

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read_sql_query() is a
function provided by the
Pandas library in Python, and it 1. 1
is not specific to MySQL. It is
a generic function used for 1. df = pd.read_sql_query("select * from instructor;", conn)
read_sql_query() read_sql_query()
executing SQL queries on
various database systems,
including MySQL, and
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retrieving the results as a
Pandas DataFrame.
1. 1
It provides a tuple indicating
dataframe.shape the shape of a DataFrame or 1. df.shape
shape
Series, represented as (number
of rows, number of columns).
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con.close() is a method
used to close the connection to
a MySQL database. When
called, it terminates the
connection, releasing any 1. 1
associated resources and
close() con.close() ensuring the connection is no 1. con.close()
longer active. This is important
for managing database Copied!
connections efficiently and
preventing resource leaks in
your MySQL database
interactions.
1. 1
2. 2
The CREATE TABLE statement 3. 3
is used to define and create a 4. 4
new table within a database. It 5. 5
specifies the table's name, the 6. 6
CREATE TABLE table_name ( structure of its columns
CREATE column1 datatype constraints, (including data types and 1. CREATE TABLE INTERNATIONAL_STUDENT_TEST_SCORES ( <br>
TABLE column2 datatype constraints, constraints), and any additional 2. country VARCHAR(50), <br>
... ); properties such as indexes. This 3. first_name VARCHAR(50), <br>
statement essentially sets up the 4. last_name VARCHAR(50), <br>
blueprint for organizing and 5. test_score INT
storing data in a structured
6. );
format within the database.

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seaborn.barplot() is a
function in the Seaborn Python 1. 1
data visualization library used 2. 2
seaborn.barplot(x="x- to create a bar plot, also known
axis_variable", y="y- as a bar chart. It is particularly 1. import seaborn
barplot()
used to display the relationship 2. seaborn.barplot(x='Test_Score',y='Frequency', data=dataframe)
axis_variable", data=data)
between a categorical variable
and a numeric variable by
showing the average value for Copied!
each category.
read_csv() df = read_csv() is a function in 1. 1
pd.read_csv('file_path.csv') Python's Pandas library used 2. 2
for reading data from a
Comma-Separated Values 1. import pandas
(CSV) file and loading it into a 2. df = pandas.read_csv('https://data.cityofchicago.org/resource/jcxq-k9xf.csv')
Pandas DataFrame. It's a
common method for working
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with tabular data stored in CSV
format
1. 1
df.to_sql() is a method in
2. 2
Pandas, a Python data
manipulation library used to 3. 3

df.to_sql('table_name', write the contents of a

to_sql() DataFrame to a SQL database. 1. import pandas
index=False) 2. df = pandas.read_csv('https://data.cityofchicago.org/resource/jcxq-k9xf.csv')
It allows to take data from a
DataFrame and store it 3. df.to_sql("chicago_socioeconomic_data", con, if_exists='replace', index=False,method="multi")
structurally within a SQL
database table. Copied!
read_sql() is a function
1. 1
provided by the Pandas library
in Python for executing SQL 2. 2

df = pd.read_sql(sql_query, queries and retrieving the

read_sql() results into a DataFrame from 1. selectQuery = "select * from INSTRUCTOR"
conn) 2. df = pandas.read_sql(selectQuery, conn)
an SQL database. It's a
convenient way to integrate
SQL database interactions into Copied!
your data analysis workflows.

Db2

Topic Syntax Description Example

1. 1
2. 2
ibm_db.connect() is a Python 3. 3
function provided by the ibm_db library, 4. 4
conn = ibm_db.connect('DATABASE=dbname; which is used for establishing a
connect() HOST=hostname;PORT=port;UID=username; connection to an IBM Db2 or IBM Db2 1. import ibm_db
PWD=password;', '', '') Warehouse database. It's commonly used 2. conn = ibm_db.connect('DATABASE=mydb;
in applications that need to interact with 3. HOST=example.com;PORT=50000;UID=myuser;
IBM Db2 databases from Python. 4. PWD=mypassword;', '', '')

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1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
ibm_db.server_info(conn) is a 4. 4
Python function provided by the ibm_db
server_info() ibm_db.server_info() 1. server = ibm_db.server_info(conn)
library, which is used to retrieve
information about the IBM Db2 server to 2. print ("DBMS_NAME: ", server.DBMS_NAME)
which you are connected. 3. print ("DBMS_VER: ", server.DBMS_VER)
4. print ("DB_NAME: ", server.DB_NAME)

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con.close() is a method used to close
the connection to a db2 database. When
called, it terminates the connection, 1. 1
releasing any associated resources and
close() con.close() ensuring the connection is no longer 1. con.close()
active. This is important for managing
database connections efficiently and Copied!
preventing resource leaks in your db2
database interactions.
1. 1
ibm_db.exec_immediate() is a 2. 2
sql_statement = "SQL statement goes Python function provided by the ibm_db 3. 3
here" library, which is used to execute an SQL
statement immediately without the need 1. # Lets first drop the table INSTRUCTOR in case it exists from a previous attempt.
exec_immediate() stmt = ibm_db.exec_immediate(conn,
to prepare or bind it. It's commonly used 2. dropQuery = "drop table INSTRUCTOR"
sql_statement) for executing SQL statements that don't 3. dropStmt = ibm_db.exec_immediate(conn, dropQuery)
require input parameters or don't need to
be prepared in advance.
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Author(s)
Abhishek Gagneja

D.M Naidu

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