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PythonDatabase

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7 views

PythonDatabase

Uploaded by

ranganadh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Python standard for database interfaces is the Python DB-API.

Most Python
database interfaces adhere to this standard.

You can choose the right database for your application. Python Database API
supports a wide range of database servers such as −
 GadFly
 mSQL
 MySQL
 PostgreSQL
 Microsoft SQL Server 2000
 Informix
 Interbase
 Oracle
 Sybase
 SQLite

Here is the list of available Python database interfaces: Python Database


Interfaces and APIs. You must download a separate DB API module for each database
you need to access.

For example, if you need to access an Oracle database as well as a MySQL database,
you must download both the Oracle and the MySQL database modules.

The DB API provides a minimal standard for working with databases using Python
structures and syntax wherever possible. This API includes the following:
 Importing the API module.
 Acquiring a connection with the database.
 Issuing SQL statements and stored procedures.
 Closing the connection

Python has an in-built support for SQLite. In this section, we would learn all the
concepts using MySQL. MySQLdb module, a popular interface with MySQL is not
compatible with Python 3. Instead, we shall use PyMySQL module.

What is PyMySQL ?

PyMySQL is an interface for connecting to a MySQL database server from Python. It


implements the Python Database API v2.0 and contains a pure-Python MySQL client
library. The goal of PyMySQL is to be a drop-in replacement for MySQLdb .

How do I Install PyMySQL?


Before proceeding further, you make sure you have PyMySQL installed on your
machine. Just type the following in your Python script and execute it-

import PyMySQL

If it produces the following result, then it means MySQLdb module is not installed-
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “test.py”, line 3, in <module>
Import PyMySQL
ImportError: No module named PyMySQL

The last stable release is available on PyPI and can be installed with pip:

pip install PyMySQL

Database Connection
Before connecting to a MySQL database, make sure of the following points-
 You have created a database TESTDB.
 You have created a table EMPLOYEE in TESTDB.
 This table has fields FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX and INCOME.
 User ID "testuser" and password "test123" are set to access TESTDB.
 Python module PyMySQL is installed properly on your machine.

Example
Following is an example of connecting with MySQL database "TESTDB"-

import PyMySQL
# Open database connection
db = PyMySQL.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )
# prepare a cursor object using cursor() method
cursor = db.cursor()
# execute SQL query using execute() method.
cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
# Fetch a single row using fetchone() method.
data = cursor.fetchone()
print ("Database version : %s " % data)
# disconnect from server
db.close()

Creating Database Table

Once a database connection is established, we are ready to create tables or records


into the database tables using execute method of the created cursor.

import PyMySQL
db = PyMySQL.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )
# prepare a cursor object using cursor() method
cursor = db.cursor()
# Drop table if it already exist using execute() method.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")
# Create table as per requirement
sql = """CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
AGE INT,
SEX CHAR(1),
INCOME FLOAT )"""
cursor.execute(sql)
# disconnect from server
db.close()

INSERT Operation
The INSERT Operation is required when you want to create your records into a
databasetable.

Example
The following example, executes SQL INSERT statement to create a record in the
EMPLOYEE table-

import PyMySQL
# Open database connection
db = PyMySQL.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )
# prepare a cursor object using cursor() method
cursor = db.cursor()
# Prepare SQL query to INSERT a record into the database.
sql = """INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME,
LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME)
VALUES ('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)"""
try:
# Execute the SQL command
cursor.execute(sql)
# Commit your changes in the database
db.commit()
except:
# Rollback in case there is any error
db.rollback()
# disconnect from server
db.close()

Example
The following procedure queries all the records from EMPLOYEE table having salary
more than 1000-

import PyMySQL
# Open database connection
db = PyMySQL.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )
# prepare a cursor object using cursor() method
cursor = db.cursor()
# Prepare SQL query to INSERT a record into the database.
sql = "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE \
WHERE INCOME > '%d'" % (1000)
try:
# Execute the SQL command
cursor.execute(sql)
# Fetch all the rows in a list of lists.
results = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
fname = row[0]
lname = row[1]
age = row[2]
sex = row[3]
income = row[4]
# Now print fetched result
print ("fname=%s,lname=%s,age=%d,sex=%s,income=%d" % \
(fname, lname, age, sex, income ))
except:
print ("Error: unable to fecth data")
# disconnect from server
db.close()

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