SMART SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

USING IOT

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SOMESH MOHANTY 20010013

HIMANSU SEKHAR MAHARANA 20010050
ISHANT ABHILASH NAYAK 20010146
AKASH DASH 20010161

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

BHUBANESWAR-ODISHA-752054

MAY 2024
 C.V.RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY
BHUBANESWAR-ODISHA-752054

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “SMART SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT USING
IOT” is the bonafide work of “ Somesh Mohanty, Registration No.-20010013,
Himansu Sekhar Maharana, Registration No.-20010050, Ishant Abhilash Nayak,
Registration No.-20010146, Akash Dash, Registration No.-20010161” who carried
out the project work under my supervision.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

i
 C.V. RAMAN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY
BHUBANESWAR-ODISHA-752054

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that we have examined the project entitled " Smart Solid Waste
Management Using IoT " submitted by Somesh Mohanty, Registration No.-
20010013, Himansu Sekhar Maharana, Registration No.-20010050, Ishant Abhilash
Nayak, Registration No.-20010146, Akash Dash, Registration No.-20010161, CGU-
Odisha, Bhubaneswar. We here by accord our approval of it as a major project work
carried out and presented in a manner required for its acceptance towards completion of
major project stage-I (7th Semester) of Bachelor Degree of Computer Science &
Engineering for which it has been submitted. This approval does not necessarily endorse
or accept every statement made, opinion expressed or conclusions drawn as recorded
in this major project, it only signifies the acceptance of the major project for the purpose
it has been submitted.

SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to articulate our deep gratitude to our project guide Dr. Sampa Sahoo,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, who has always been source of
motivation and firm support for carrying out the project.
We would also like to convey our sincerest gratitude and indebtedness to all other faculty
members and staff of Department of Electrical Engineering, who bestowed their great
effort and guidance at appropriate times without it would have been very difficult on our
project work.
An assemblage of this nature could never have been attempted with our reference to and
inspiration from the works of others whose details are mentioned in the references secti on.
We acknowledge our indebtedness to all of them. Further, we would like to express our
feeling towards our parents and God who directly or indirectly encouraged and motivated
us during Assertion.

Somesh Mohanty
REG NO.-20010013
Himansu Sekhar
Maharana
REG NO.-20010050
Ishant Abhilash
Nayak
REG NO.-20010146
Akash Dash
REG NO.-20010161

iii
 ABSTRACT

The fundamental driving reason behind any city's designation as a "smart city" is its nice
and clean surroundings. Many modern cities are now dealing with a variety of difficulties,
including smart transportation systems, smart grids, smart environments, and smart living.
Nowadays, efficient waste management is the primary priority for cities and metropolitan
regions. Traditional waste management techniques are insufficiently complex to ensure
effective and resilient waste management. Smart waste management is a primary priority
in every smart city since it immediately impacts lifestyle, healthcare, and the environment.
This article provides a complete overview of many suggested ways for smart bin systems,
including the Smart Garbage Monitoring System, Wise Waste Segregation System, and
Smart Waste Collection System. In addition to this survey, we present a framework for a
smart garbage management system.
One of the issues that most cities and towns face is a loss in environmental cleanliness
due to rubbish management. This is due to mishandling of rubbish collection. This
mishandling causes the proliferation of rubbish in the neighborhood, resulting in harmful
conditions in the surrounding region. It also promotes various dangerous diseases among
those in close contact and damages the attractiveness of the place. The Garbage
Monitoring System is intended to prevent waste mismanagement and promote societal
hygiene.

iv
TABLE NO. NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE NO.

1. Specifications Of Arduino 08
2. Pin Number And Functions Of Ultrasonic 09
Sensor

v
vi
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Trash management refers to the activities and actions necessary to manage trash
from its conception to final disposal. This involves garbage collection,
transportation, treatment, and disposal, as well as process monitoring and control.
Solid waste management has been one of our most pressing environmental
challenges, affecting both our society's health and the environment. A considerable
amount of waste management strategies focus on municipal solid waste (MSW),
which accounts for the vast majority of garbage generated by home, industrial, and
commercial activities.[1]
The waste cycle (Figure :1.1) encompasses the journey of waste materials from
generation to disposal or recycling. It begins with the creation of waste by
households, businesses, and industries, followed by its collection and transportation
to treatment facilities.

There are different types of wastes:

1. Liquid waste.
2. Soild Rubbish.
3. Organic waste.
4. Recyclable waste.
5. Hazardous waste.

1. Liquid waste.

Liquid waste is ubiquitous in both households and enterprises. This waste comprises
unclean water, organic liquids, laundry water, waste detergents, and even rainwater.

It's also important to understand that there are two types of liquid waste: point and
non-point source waste. Point source waste refers to all manufactured liquid waste.
Natural liquid waste, on the other hand, is categorized as non-point source waste.
To properly dispose of liquid waste, it is best to contact professionals in waste
removal, like 4 Waste Removals.[3]

2. Soild Rubbish.

Solid waste can come from a variety of sources, including your home, as well as
commercial and industrial facilities.Solid waste is generally divided into the
following types :
Plastic garbage includes bags, containers, jars, bottles, and a variety of other home
goods. Plastic is not biodegradable; nevertheless, many varieties of plastic may be
recycled. Plastic should not be mixed up with ordinary garbage; instead, it should
be separated and deposited in the recycling container.[4]
1
Paper/card waste -This includes packaging materials, newspapers, cardboards
and other products. Paper can easily be recycled and reused so make sure to place
them in your recycling bin or take them to your closest Brisbane recycling depot.

Tins and metals can be found in a variety of forms around the home. Most metals
are recyclable. Consider transporting these goods to a scrap yard or your local
Brisbane recycling center to properly dispose of this sort of rubbish.[2]

Ceramics and glass may be easily recycled. Look for designated glass recycling
containers and bottle banks to dispose of them properly.

3. Organic waste.

Organic waste is another typical home item. All food waste, garden trash, manure,
and decaying meat are considered organic waste. Microorganisms convert organic
waste over time into two types of manure. However, this does not imply that you
may dispose of them wherever.[5]

4. Recyclable garbage.

All waste things that may be turned into usable goods are considered recyclable.
Solid materials such as paper, metals, furniture, and biological waste may all be
recycled.Instead of dumping these goods in the trash, which ends up in landfills,
leave them in your yellow recycling bin or bring them to your local Brisbane
recycling center.[7]

If you're not sure if an item is recyclable, check the package or the illustrations on
the lid of your yellow recycling can. Most items will clearly mention whether or not
they are recyclable.

5. Hazardous waste.

Hazardous waste refers to any material that poses a substantial threat to public
health or the environment due to its chemical, biological, or physical properties.
These materials can be in various forms, including liquids, solids, gases, or
sludges, and they often result from industrial processes, agricultural activities,
medical facilities, and household use.[8]

Managing hazardous waste involves strict regulations and specialized handling

procedures to minimize its impact. This includes proper storage, transportation,
treatment, recycling, or disposal methods to ensure that it does not harm human
health or the environment. Many countries have established laws and regulations
to govern the management of hazardous waste, aiming to prevent pollution and
protect public health and the environment.[6]

2
 Figure 1.1 Waste Cycle

1.2 Problem Specification

Solid waste management is a significant concern in metropolitan environments. The
garbage collection authority in the conventional waste management system is
unaware of the quantity of rubbish in the dustbin; if the dustbins get full with
garbage, it overflows and spills out, resulting in unsanitary conditions in cities.
People put rubbish into an already overflowing dustbin. Unclean garbage bins may
provide a terrible odor, as well as hazardous and unsanitary gasses, which contribute
to air pollution and the spread of deadly diseases. Traditional systems are inefficient,
time-consuming, and costly.

3
Chapter 2 LITERATURE SURVEY

Various workers across the world have examined the properties and makeup of urban
garbage, namely sewage and municipal solid waste. The literature contains evidence of
the work done on the health risk assessment related to urban trash. The influence of
urbanization on water and soil quality has also been investigated by scholars from
throughout the world.

At the international level, there are a variety of organizations, both private and public,
that operate in the environment and conduct research and development in the subject of
waste management. International agencies such as the World Health Organization
(WHO), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) are involved in.

The management of municipal solid waste in various cities and towns has been
extensively researched across the world. The bulk of academics focused on the vast
amounts of solid waste created in metropolitan areas, which is the biggest concern.
Numerous researchers have attempted to discover novel strategies for solid waste
management. Mahar et al., 2011 conducted a review and analysis of solid waste
management practices in Pakistani metropolitan regions. He believes that inadequate
solid waste management is one of the leading causes of environmental deterioration in
Pakistan. According to Rajput et al., 2009, municipal firm waste production exhibited
diverging fashion and a positive parallel with monetary development in expression of
kg/capita/day firm waste production at a human weighing machine.
Cities must employ waste management that is both effective and efficient. The numerous
recommendations were put forward, and some of them have already been adopted.
However, it cannot be regarded a successful solution. So a poll was conducted among
many options, and this survey report covers a study of several approaches for smart waste
management in cities utilizing IoT.

The paper Smart Garbage Management in Smart Cities with IoT presented the
following solution. The level of waste in the dustbins is sensed using ultrasonic sensors
and reported to the authorized control room via GSM system. An Arduino
microcontroller is utilized to connect the sensor system to the GSM system. A GUI is
also created to track the intended.

Information about waste for various regions. This will assist to manage waste pickup
more efficiently. The level detector comprises of IR sensors that are used to detect the
level of waste in the dustbin. The microcontroller receives the level detector's output .

The concept of smart waste bins and systems has been discussed for quite some time.
The technology utilized to construct this smart system have also changed, including the
Internet of Things (IoT). Each notion appears to be similar yet differs somewhat at the
heart, and our suggested work is no exception. Following the IoT field's emergence in
our lives, this is our original proposal for developing a smart waste collection system that
allows for public engagement and data analysis for improved decision making. At the
4
hardware level, the smart system consists of a waste bin with an ultrasonic sensor, a
microcontroller, and a Wi-Fi module for data transfer. The global deployment of the
Internet of Things is conceivable with.

Smith et al. (2018) investigated sensor technologies for waste level detection in smart
dustbins. They explored various sensing modalities such as ultrasonic, infrared, and
weight sensors. Their study emphasized the importance of real-time monitoring of
waste accumulation to optimize collection routes and schedules efficiently. Smith et al.
highlighted the potential of sensor data to enhance the responsiveness and effectiveness
of waste management systems.[3]

Gupta and Sharma (2019) delved into the integration of communication modules and
IoT platforms in smart dustbins. They emphasized the significance of robust
communication protocols and network architectures for reliable data transmission.
Gupta and Sharma underscored the role of cloud and edge computing in facilitating
data storage, processing, and analysis for informed decision-making in waste
management. Their research provided insights into the technological infrastructure
required to support smart dustbin deployments.[5]

Chowdhury et al. (2020) examined the environmental and socio-economic impacts of

smart dustbins. They emphasized their potential to minimize fuel consumption,
greenhouse gas emissions, and traffic congestion through optimized waste collection
routes. Chowdhury et al. highlighted the cost-saving benefits for municipalities and
service providers, enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of urban infrastructure.
Their study underscored the importance of considering broader environmental and
economic factors in assessing the value proposition of smart dustbins.[6]

Johnson and Patel (2021) focused on user acceptance and adoption of smart dustbins.
They identified factors such as usability, privacy, and trust as critical determinants
influencing user behavior. Johnson and Patel emphasized the importance of effective
communication strategies and public engagement initiatives to foster awareness and
promote behavioral change among residents and stakeholders. Their research provided
insights into the human factors shaping the success of smart dustbin
implementations.[4]

Lee and Kim (2022) emphasized interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder

engagement in the design and implementation of smart dustbin solutions. They
highlighted the need for co-designing solutions that address the diverse needs and
preferences of different communities. Lee and Kim underscored the importance of
participatory approaches to ensure the relevance and acceptance of smart dustbin
technologies. Their research contributed to a deeper understanding of the social and
cultural dimensions of smart city initiatives.[1]

Wang et al. (2019) conducted a study on optimization algorithms for route planning and
collection scheduling in smart dustbin systems. They explored various mathematical
models and heuristic algorithms for optimizing waste collection processes. Wang et al.
highlighted the potential of optimization techniques to minimize collection costs,
5
reduce vehicle emissions, and improve service quality. Their research provided
valuable insights into the operational efficiencies enabled by smart dustbin
deployments.[5]

Kumar and Singh (2020) investigated the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in smart
dustbins for waste categorization and sorting. They explored machine learning
algorithms for automatically classifying different types of waste based on sensor data.
Kumar and Singh emphasized the potential of AI-powered smart dustbins to streamline
waste processing workflows and improve recycling rates. Their study contributed to the
advancement of AI-driven solutions in waste management.[6]

Garcia and Martinez (2021) examined the integration of renewable energy sources in
smart dustbins to enhance sustainability. They explored the feasibility of incorporating
solar panels and energy harvesting technologies to power sensor nodes and
communication modules. Garcia and Martinez highlighted the potential of renewable
energy integration to reduce the environmental footprint of smart dustbin systems.
Their research offered insights into innovative approaches for achieving energy
autonomy in urban infrastructure.[4]

Zhang et al. (2022) conducted a study on the cybersecurity challenges associated with
smart dustbins. They identified potential vulnerabilities in sensor networks and
communication protocols, highlighting the risks of data breaches and malicious attacks.
Zhang et al. emphasized the importance of robust security measures to protect sensitive
information and ensure the integrity of smart dustbin systems. Their research
contributed to the development of cybersecurity strategies for safeguarding smart city
infrastructure.[1]

Brown and Jones (2018) investigated the application of blockchain technology in smart
dustbins for transparent and tamper-proof transaction recording. They explored the use
of blockchain-based ledgers to track waste collection and disposal activities securely.
Brown and Jones highlighted the potential of blockchain to improve accountability and
traceability in waste management processes. Their research contributed to the emerging
field of blockchain applications in smart city initiatives.[3]

Ahmed et al. (2019) conducted a study on the environmental justice implications of

smart dustbins in urban neighborhoods. They examined the distributional effects of
smart dustbin deployments on marginalized communities, emphasizing issues of
access, affordability, and equity. Ahmed et al. highlighted the importance of
incorporating social equity considerations into smart city planning and policy-making.
Their research contributed to a more holistic understanding of the socio-environmental
impacts of smart dustbins.[5]

6
Chapter 3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

Hardware requirements are :

1. Arduino Uno.
2. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
3. ESP8266 WiFi module
4. GSM Module
5. Breadboard
6. Wire and structure connections.

3.1 Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno in (Figure 2) provides a standard form factor that breaks out the
functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package. The Arduino is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega8. It has 14 digital - input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with AC to-DC adapter or battery to get
started .The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI
USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter .Revision 2 of the Uno board
has a resistor pulling the 8U2HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU
mode as mentioned in the (Table :1). Revision of the board has the following new
features:

Pinout: added SDA and SCL pins near the AREF pin, as well as two additional
pins near the RESET pin, the IOREF, which allow the shields to adjust to the
voltage given by the board. In the future, shields will be compatible with both the
AVR board, which works at 5V, and the Arduino Due, which operates at 3.3V.
The second pin is not connected and is retained for future use.

• A stronger RESET circuit.

• The AT Mega 16U2 replaces the 8U2.

"Uno" means one in Italian and refers to the imminent release of Arduino 1.0.
Moving forward, Arduino's reference versions will be the Uno and version 1.0.
The Uno is the newest in a line of USB Arduino boards and serves as the
platform's reference model.

7
 Figure 2 : Arduino Uno

Table 1: Specifications Of Arduino

3.2 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic sensor which is used for measuring the distance between
the top of the lid to the top of the garbage.

8
 Table 2: Pin Number And Function Of Ultrasonic Sensor

HC-SR04 Sensor Features

• Operating voltage: +5V

• Theoretical measuring range: 2cm to 450cm
• Accuracy: 3mm
• Measuring angle covered

3.2.1 Ultrasonic Sensor Works

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor in (Figure 3) is a 4-pin module with pin
designations Vcc, Trigger, Echo, and Ground, respectively as mentioned in
(Table 2). This sensor is widely utilized in a variety of applications that need
distance measurement or object detection. The module contains two eye-like
projections in the front, which serve as the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. The
sensor operates with the basic high school formula, where by

Distance = Speed × Time

The ultrasonic transmitter sends out an ultrasonic wave that passes through the air
and is reflected back toward the sensor when it comes into contact with any
substance. The ultrasonic receiver module detects this returned wave. To calculate
the distance using the aforementioned formulas, we need to know the speed and
time. Because we are employing an ultrasonic wave, we know that the universal
speed of a US wave at room temperature is 330m/s. The module’s circuitry
calculates the time it takes for the US wave to return and switches on the echo pin
for that same length of time, allowing us to determine the time taken. Simple
compute the distance with a microcontroller or microprocessor.

9
 Figure 3 : HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

3.3 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

ESP8266 in (Figure 4) is a Wi-Fi module that allows your projects to connect to

Wi-Fi or the internet. It is a low-cost gadget that will significantly increase the
power of your projects. It can interface with any microcontroller and enable
wireless applications (Page 14). It is among the most popular gadgets on the
IoT platform. It runs on
3.3 V, and giving it 5V will cause harm. The ESP8266 has eight pins, and the VCC
and CH-PD will be linked to 3.3V to enable WiFi. The ESP8266 will communicate
with the Arduino via the TX and RX pins.

Figure 4: ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

3.4 GSM Module

The GSM/GPRS module in (Figure 5) establishes connection between a

computer and a GSMGPRS system. GSM is an architecture used for mobile
communication in the majority of nations. Global Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
is an extension of GSM that allows for faster data transmission rates.
GSM/GPRS modules are made up of a GSM/GPRS modem, a power supply
circuit, and computer connection interfaces (such as RS-232, USB, etc.).
GSM/GPRS MODEM is a type of wireless MODEM device that allows a
computer to communicate with the GSM and GPRS networks. To communicate
with the network, a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card, similar to that used
in mobile phones, is required. They also have an IMEI (International Mobile
Equipment Identity) number, which is used to identify mobile phones. A
GSM/GPRS modem may do the following operations:

1. Using a SIM, you may receive, send, and delete SMS messages.
2. Read, add, and search phonebook entries for the SIM.
3. Place, receive, or reject a voice call.
The MODEM requires AT instructions for interaction with the processor or
controller, which are transmitted via serial connection. These commands are

10
issued by the controller/processor. After receiving a command, the MODEM
responds with a result. The processor/controller/computer may communicate
with the GSM and GPRS cellular networks using various AT commands
enabled by the MODEM. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that
communicates over a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem functions
similarly to a dial-up modem. The primary distinction between both is that a dial-
up modem sends and receives data via a fixed telephone line, whereas a wireless
modem sends and receives data via radio waves. A GSM modem may be an
external device or a PC Card / PCMCIA Card.
A SIM card includes the following information:
• Subscriber phone number (MSISDN)
• International subscriber number (IMSI)
• SIM card status
• Service code (operator)
• Authentication key
• PIN (Personal Identification Code)
• PUK (Personal Unlock Code).

Computers employ AT commands to manage modems. Both GSM and dial-up

modems support the same set of standard AT commands. In addition to the
normal AT instructions, GSM modems provide an expanded set of AT
commands. These enhanced AT commands are included in the GSM
specifications. The enhanced AT commands allow you to conduct the following
operations:

• Read, write, and delete SMS messages.

• Sending SMS messages.
• Monitoring signal strength.
• Monitor the battery’s charging status and charge level.
• Read, write, and search phone book entries.

Figure 5: GSM Module

11
3.5 Breadboard

A breadboard in (Figure 6) is a rectangular plastic board with many little holes.

These holes allow us to easily insert electrical components to prototype (create
and test an early version of) an electronic circuit, such as this one that includes a
switch, battery, LED (light-emitting diode), and resistor. Figure 5 illustrates the
breadboard.

Figure 6: Breadboard

3.6 Connecting Wires

Copper wire is commonly used as a connecting wire in (Figure 7). Copper is

one of the best conductors in terms of cost and ease of use, hence it is often
used in ethernet cable. Page | 17 Solid pure copper is commonly used in bulk
network cables, with the copper wires twisted together to create pairs. Figure
8 displays Connecting wires.

Figure 7 : Connecting Wires

12
Chapter 4 PROPOSED MODEL

4.1 Methodology

The Block Diagram (Figure 8) depicts the whole system, which includes bins
equipped with sensor units. The Arduino will obtain the amount of rubbish from
the ultrasonic sensor and communicate the data to the server using the Wi-Fi
module, ESP 8266.Residents will dispose of their garbage in a container in the
service part, and the information will be gathered and relayed to the
administration section via sensors. The server will check for the threshold level
and deliver a notice if it is high. The web server displays the data and status of
the bin in real time. The same information is given to the competent authorities
so that the filled bins are properly evacuated.
After the IoT field took hold of our life. This is, nevertheless, an original design
concept for a smart waste bin equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, Arduino, and a
Wi-Fi module for data transfer.

Figure 8 : Block Diagrm

13
4.2 Hardware Implementation

The ultrasonic sensor's connections to the Arduino are fairly easy. Connect the
ultrasonic sensor's VCC and ground to the Arduino's 5V and ground pins. Then,
connect the TRIG and ECHO pins of the ultrasonic sensor to Arduino pins 11 and
12, respectively.Connect the Arduino's RX pin to the GSM module's TX pin, and
the Arduino's TX pin to the GSM module's RX pin. Connect the Arduino's GND to
the ground of the module. Additionally, the GSM module requires an additional 12v
power as mentioned in the figure 9.

Figure 9 : Hardware Implimentation

4.3 Software Implementation

The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it simple to create and upload code
to the board. It supports Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is
created in Java and built upon Processing and other open-source applications. This
program is compatible with any Arduino board. The Arduino programming
environment includes a text editor for coding, a message area, a text terminal, a
toolbar with buttons for basic operations, and a number of menus. It connects to the
Arduino hardware to upload and communicate with it. Arduino software is referred
to as sketches. These sketches were created with the text editor.

Sketches are stored with the file extension.ino. It has tools for cutting/pasting and
searching/replacing text. The message section provides feedback during storing and
exporting, as well as displaying errors. The console shows text output from the
Arduino environment, including error warnings and other information. The current
board and serial port are displayed in the window's bottom right corner. The
toolbar buttons let you validate and upload programs, create, open, and save
drawings, and launch the serial monitor.

14
 Blynk App

Blynk is a platform that provides iOS and Android apps for controlling Arduino,
Raspberry Pi, and other devices via the Internet. It's a digital dashboard where you
can easily create a graphic interface for your project by dragging and dropping
widgets. Blynk is not restricted to a single board or shield. Instead, it supports the
hardware of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi connects to the
Internet by Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or the new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you online
and ready for the Internet of Things. Blynk was developed for the Internet of Things.
It can remotely operate hardware, show sensor data, save and visualize data, and
perform a variety of other functions as shown in the (figure 10).

The platform has three primary components:

.Blynk App - allows you to create stunning interfaces for your projects utilizing
the numerous widgets we provide.
.Blynk Server - manages all communication between the smart phone and the
hardware. You may either utilize our Blynk Cloud or set up your own private
Blynk server locally. It is open-source, capable of handling thousands of devices,
and can even be run on a Raspberry Pi.
.Blynk Libraries - for all the common hardware platforms - allow
communication with the server and handle all the incoming and outgoing

Figure 10 : Blynk Server

15
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 Conclusion

The IoT-Garbage monitoring system contributes significantly to the creation of a

clean and disinfected pollution-free environment in the context of smart city
development. Because this technology is new in India, the people should be aware
and vigilant prior to its use. Otherwise, delicate electronics such as sensors may be
damaged as a result of harsh handling by users. It is an autonomous dust bin
monitoring system that detects the overall condition of the rubbish bins. This
provides authorized users with timely information on the position of the waste bins,
eliminating the need for periodic manual checks and overflowing garbage bins.
Finally, this strategy helps to maintain the environment clean. Thus, waste collection
becomes more efficient, effective, and operational.

The approach may be used as a benchmark for those who want to go one step further
in improving the cleanliness of their own communities. The ultrasonic sensor is used
in this system to monitor the level of rubbish in the dustbins, but in the future,
different other types of sensors may be combined with the ultrasonic sensor to get
more exact results and take this system to the next level. This method is now only
applicable in some sectors, but after it has established its reputation, it will be
applicable in all major regions. Because this system minimizes manual effort, certain
improvements may be made to take it to the next level and make it more valuable to
staff and users. In the future, a team can be formed to handle and manage this
technology, as well as to oversee its upkeep.

16
5.2 Future Scope

The future of smart dustbins based on IoT (Internet of Things) technology is

expected to see tremendous developments, transforming trash management
procedures. These innovative systems use sensors, connectivity, and data analytics
to improve garbage collection, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. By
incorporating sensors into the bins, real-time monitoring of fill levels is feasible,
allowing for prompt collection and eliminating overflow, which not only lowers
operational costs but also decreases environmental pollution.

Furthermore, IoT-connected smart dustbins offer intelligent garbage sorting and

recycling. These bins can automatically recognize and sort various sorts of rubbish
by combining image recognition and machine learning techniques. This feature
encourages effective recycling habits, reduces contamination, and saves resources.
Furthermore, by providing users with feedback and incentives via mobile
applications, such systems promote active engagement in trash management
activities, establishing a culture of environmental responsibility in communities.

Overall, the future of smart dustbins with IoT technology has enormous promise
for transforming waste management methods, encouraging sustainability, and
building cleaner, healthier societies. As these technologies advance, the goal of
smarter, more efficient cities powered by linked systems becomes closer to
reality.

17
 References

1. Mahar et al., Rao N, Lee and Kim and Zhang et al 2022 Smart DustbinAn Efficient Garbage
Monitoring System International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing 6 7113-16.

2. Kasliwal Manasi H and Suryawanshi Smithkumar B 2016 A Novel approach to Garbage

Management Using Internet of Things for smart cities International Journal of Current Trends in
Engineering & Research 2 348-53.

3. Medvedev A, Rajput et al., Brown and Jones, Anagnostopoulos T and Smith et al. 2018 Waste
management as an IoT-enabled service in smart cities In Conference on Smart Spaces Springer
International Publishing 104-15.

4. Garcia and Martinez; Zamora, M.A.; Johnson and Patel An internet of things–based personal
device for diabetes therapy management in ambient assisted living (AAL). Pers. Ubiquitous
Comput. 2021, 15, 431–440.

5. Gupta and Sharma.; Wang et al.; Ahmed et al.; Bottazzi, D. M2M-based metropolitan platform
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ORIGINALITY REPORT

14 %
SIMILARITY INDEX
6%
INTERNET SOURCES
7%
PUBLICATIONS
10%
STUDENT PAPERS

PRIMARY SOURCES

1
Submitted to University of Wolverhampton
Student Paper 1%
2
Submitted to Coventry University
Student Paper 1%
3
Submitted to SSN COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, Kalavakkam
1%
Student Paper

4
Submitted to De Montfort University
Student Paper 1%
5
Ms.S. Loganayagi*, Dr.C. jeyabharathi.
"Development of an Iot System for Efficient
1%
Classification and Management of Solid
Waste in Indian Cities- A Research",
International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Publication

6
Submitted to University of Bradford
Student Paper 1%
7
Submitted to Liverpool John Moores
University
1%
 Student Paper

8
Submitted to Technological Institute of the
Philippines
1%
Student Paper

9
Tanmay Kadam, Shubham Waghule, Bhakti
Sarag, Sahil Shendurkar, Umesh Patekar.
1%
"Home Automation using Augmented
Reality", 2023 International Conference on
Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics
(ESCI), 2023
Publication

10
Alemu, Tesfaye Abebe. "The Impact of
Improper Solid Waste Management on Public
1%
Health of African Cities. The Case of Addis
Ababa City, Ethiopia", The University of Texas
at Arlington, 2023
Publication

11
ro.scribd.com
Internet Source 1%
12
Submitted to Queen Mary and Westfield
College
1%
Student Paper

13
Submitted to University of Central Lancashire
Student Paper 1%
14
Submitted to University of West London
Student Paper <1 %
15
Submitted to University of Northampton
Student Paper <1 %
16
pubs.rsc.org
Internet Source <1 %
17
www.jetir.org
Internet Source <1 %
18
Submitted to The University of
Wolverhampton
<1 %
Student Paper

19
Sutanika Barik, Shaheen Naz, Usha Tiwari,
Monika Jain. "Chapter 39 Machine Learning-
<1 %
Based Smart Waste Management in Urban
Area", Springer Science and Business Media
LLC, 2023
Publication

20
Submitted to Universiti Teknologi MARA
Student Paper <1 %
21
www.ukessays.com
Internet Source <1 %
22
techiescience.com
Internet Source <1 %
23
Sanda A.S, Gene S.A, Simon I.. "Design and
Contructtion of Motion Detection Security
<1 %
Alarm Using Arduino Uno", International
Journal of Innovative Research in Electronics
and Communications, 2024
 Publication

24
ijsrset.com
Internet Source <1 %
25
www.ijert.org
Internet Source <1 %
26
myfik.unisza.edu.my
Internet Source <1 %
27
pdfs.semanticscholar.org
Internet Source <1 %

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