C File

INDEX
S.No. Experiment Name Page Date Sign

Date-17/07/24
Experiment 1
Write a program in C++ to print the name and address.
Theory- The provided C++ program prints the name and the address by using the “cout”
statement.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
The program has been compiled and run successfully and the output has been verified.
1
Experiment 2
Write a program in C++ to find the sum of three numbers.
Theory- The provided C++ program gives us the sum of three numbers which are taken from
the user. First, we declare the three variables for three numbers, then we take the input by
“cin” and finally calculate the sum and print it.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
2
Experiment 3
Write a program in C++ to find the greatest of two numbers.
Theory- The provided C++ gives us the greatest of two numbers given by the user. First, we
declare the variables for the two numbers, and then we use the if statement with the greater
than operator to find which number is greater. Then we print the greatest number.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
3
Experiment 4
Write a program in C++ to find whether the number is even or odd.
Theory- The provided C++ tells us whether the number is even or odd. Firstly we declare the
variable for the number. Then we check if the remainder after division by 2 is 0 then the
given number is even otherwise the given number is odd.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
4
Experiment 5
Write a program in C++ to find whether the number is palindrome.
Theory- The provided C++ tells us whether the number is palindrome or not. We read the
integer then reverse it using a loop and compare it with the original number. If they are equal
then the number is palindrome, if not then the number is not palindrome.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
5
Date-24/07/24
Experiment 6
Write a program in C++ to use math operators using functions.
Theory- This C++ program performs basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division) based on user input. It prompts the user for two numbers and an
operation, then calculates and displays the result using a switch statement.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
6
Experiment 7
Write a program in C++ to find the factorial of a number using function.
Theory- This C++ program calculates the factorial of a positive integer entered by the user
using a recursive function. It prompts the user for the integer and displays the factorial result
by calling the `factorial` function, which uses recursion to compute the factorial value.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
7
Experiment 8
Write a program in C++ to find the days of the week using the switch statement.
Theory- This C++ program displays the day of the week based on user input. It prompts the
user to enter a number from 1 to 7, then uses a switch statement to print the corresponding
day of the week.
Program-
Output-
Conclusion-
8
Date-31/07/24
Experiment 9
Write a program in C++ using the four categories of function.
a)
Theory- This C++ program defines a `say_hello` function that prints "Byee" to the console
and calls this function from the `main` function. It demonstrates basic function declaration,
definition, and usage.
Program-
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void say_hello();
int main() {
say_hello();
return 0;
}
void say_hello() {
cout << "Byee";
}
Output-
Conclusion-
9
b)
Theory- This C++ program asks for the user's name and passes it to the `say_hello` function,
which then prints a personalised greeting. It demonstrates user input handling and function
usage with parameters.
Program-
#include<iostream>
void say_hello(string name);
int main() {
cout << "Enter your name: ";
string name;
cin >> name;
// pass argument num function prime()

say_hello(name);
void say_hello(string name) {

cout << "Hello " << name ;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
10
c)
Theory- This C++ program prompts the user to enter their username through the
`get_username` function, which returns the inputted name. The main function then prints a
personalised greeting using this username.
Program-
#include <iostream>
string get_username();
int main() {
string user_name = get_username();
cout << "Hello, " << user_name;

}
string get_username() {
string name;
cout << "Enter your user name : ";
cin >> name;
return name;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
11
d)
Theory- This C++ program checks if a user-inputted positive integer is a prime number using
the `check_prime` function, which returns `true` if the number is prime and `false` otherwise.
The main function then outputs whether the number is prime based on the function's result.
Program-
#include <iostream>
bool check_prime(int n);
int main() {
int num;
cout << "Enter a positive integer to check: ";
cin >> num;
int is_prime = check_prime(num);
if (is_prime == true)
cout << num << " is a prime number.";
else
cout << num << " is not a prime number.";
return 0;
}
bool check_prime(int n) {
for (int i = 2; i <= n/2; ++i) {

if (n % i == 0)
return false;
}
return true;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
12
Experiment 10
Write a program in C++ for call by value.
Theory- This C++ program demonstrates swapping the values of two integers using a `swap`
function, but since it passes arguments by value, the swap only affects the local copies within
the function. The main function handles user input and displays the values before and after
the (local) swap.
Program-
#include <iostream>
int swap(int a, int b) {
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
cout<<"value of 'a' after swap is "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"value of 'b' after swap is "<<b<<endl;
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<"Enter first no. :";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter second no. :";
cin>>b;
cout<<"value of 'a' before swap is "<<a<<endl;

cout<<"value of 'b' before swap is "<<b<<endl;
swap(a,b);
return 0;
}
13
Output-
Conclusion-
Experiment 11
Write a program in C++ for call by reference.

Theory-
This C++ program swaps the values of two user-inputted integers using a `swap` function
that takes references to the integers and prints their values before and after the swap. The
main function handles user input and displays the results.
Program-
#include <iostream>
int swap(int &a, int &b) {
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
cout<<"value of 'a' after swap is "<<a<<endl;

cout<<"value of 'b' after swap is "<<b<<endl;
return 0;
}
int main()
14
{
int a,b;
cout<<"Enter first no. :";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter second no. :";
cin>>b;
cout<<"value of 'a' before swap is "<<a<<endl;

cout<<"value of 'b' before swap is "<<b<<endl;
swap(a,b);
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
15
Date-07/08/24
Experiment 12
Write a program in C++ for inline function.
Theory- This C++ program uses an inline function àrea` to calculate the area of a rectangle
by multiplying its length and breadth. The user inputs the rectangle's dimensions, and the
program outputs the calculated area.
Program-
#include<iostream>
inline int area(int length, int breadth)
{
return length * breadth ;
}
int main()
{
int length, breadth, result;
cout << "Enter the length of the rectangle: ";
cin >> length;
cout << "\nEnter the breadth of the rectangle: ";
cin >> breadth;
result = area(length , breadth);
cout << "\nThe area of the rectangle is: " << result;
cout << "\n\n";
return 0 ;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
16
Experiment 13
Write a program in C++ using friend function.
Theory- This C++ program demonstrates the use of friend functions to add private members
of two different classes, `ClassA` and `ClassB`. The àdd` function, declared as a friend in
both classes, accesses the private members `numA` and `numB` to compute and return their
sum.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class ClassB;
class ClassA {
public:
ClassA() : numA(12) {}
private:
int numA;
friend int add(ClassA, ClassB);
};
class ClassB {
public:
ClassB() : numB(1) {}
private:
int numB;
friend int add(ClassA, ClassB);
};
int add(ClassA objectA, ClassB objectB) {
return (objectA.numA + objectB.numB);
}
int main() {
ClassA objectA;
ClassB objectB;
cout << "Sum: " << add(objectA, objectB);
return 0;
}
Output-
17
Conclusion-
Experiment 14
Write a program in C++ passing objects as function.
Theory- This C++ program defines a class À` with two public members: an integer àge` and
a character `ch`. The `display` method takes a reference to an object of class À` and prints
the values of àge` and `ch`. In the `main` function, an object òbj` of class À` is created, and
the `display` method is called to output the object's àge` and `ch` values.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class A {
public:
int age = 20;
char ch = 'A';
void display(A &a) {
cout << "Age = " << a.age << endl;
cout << "Character = " << a.ch << endl;
}
};
int main() {
A obj;
obj.display(obj);
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
18
Date-14/08/24
Experiment 15
Create a class, which keeps track of the number of instances. Use static data
members, constructors and destructors to maintain updated information about
active objects.
Theory- This C++ class ÌnstanceCounter` tracks the number of active instances using a static
data member ìnstanceCount`. The constructor increments ìnstanceCount` whenever a new
object is created, and the destructor decrements it when an object is destroyed. The
`getInstanceCount()` function returns the current number of active instances.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class InstanceCounter {
static int instanceCount;
public:
InstanceCounter() { instanceCount++; }
~InstanceCounter() { instanceCount--; }
static int getInstanceCount() { return instanceCount; }
};
int InstanceCounter::instanceCount = 0;
int main() {
InstanceCounter obj1, obj2;
std::cout << "Active instances: " << InstanceCounter::getInstanceCount() << std::endl;
{
InstanceCounter obj3;
}
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
19
Experiment 16
Apply default arguments to define a function that finds the simple interest,
with arguments for principal, number of years and rate of interest. Let the
default values for principal be 1000, the number of years be 5 and the rate of
interest be 8. Write a suitable main ( ) that calls this function to demonstrate
all possible ways the function can be invoked.
Theory- This C++ code defines a function `calculateSimpleInterest` that calculates the simple
interest based on a given principal, number of years, and rate. It uses default values if specific
arguments are not provided. The `main` function demonstrates the calculation with various
combinations of arguments, printing the results to the console.
Program-
#include <iostream>
double calculateSimpleInterest(double principal = 1000, int years = 5, double rate = 8) {
return (principal * years * rate) / 100;
}
int main() {
double interest1 = calculateSimpleInterest();
std::cout << "Simple Interest (default values): " << interest1 << std::endl;
double interest2 = calculateSimpleInterest(2000);

std::cout << "Simple Interest (custom principal): " << interest2 << std::endl;
double interest3 = calculateSimpleInterest(3000, 3);

std::cout << "Simple Interest (custom principal and years): " << interest3 << std::endl;
double interest4 = calculateSimpleInterest(4000, 2, 10);

std::cout << "Simple Interest (custom principal, years, and rate): " << interest4 <<
std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
20
Experiment 17
Write a program in C++ Explaining with an example program the working of

function overloading..
Theory- This C++ code demonstrates function overloading by defining three àdd` functions
that handle different types and numbers of parameters: two integers, two floating-point
numbers, and three integers. The `main` function then calls each version of the àdd`
function, displaying the results for each scenario using `std::cout`. This allows for flexible
addition operations based on the types and number of arguments provided.
Program-
#include <iostream>
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
double add(double a, double b) {
return a + b;
}
int add(int a, int b, int c) {
return a + b + c;
}
int main() {
int sum1 = add(10, 20);
std::cout << "Sum of 10 and 20 (int): " << sum1 << std::endl;
double sum2 = add(5.5, 3.2);
std::cout << "Sum of 5.5 and 3.2 (double): " << sum2 << std::endl;
int sum3 = add(1, 2, 3);
std::cout << "Sum of 1, 2, and 3 (int): " << sum3 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
21
Date-04/09/24
Experiment 18
Define Class named point which represents 2-D Point, i.e P(x, y). Define
Default constructor to initialize both data member value 5, Parameterized
constructor to initialize member according to the value supplied by the user and
Copy Constructor. Define Necessary Functions and Write a program to test class
Point.
Theory- This C++ code defines a `Point` class with two private member variables, `x` and
`y`, and provides three constructors: a default constructor that initializes the point to (5, 5), a
parameterized constructor for custom initialization, and a copy constructor that creates a new
object by copying an existing one. In the `main()` function, objects of the `Point` class are
instantiated using these constructors, and the coordinates are displayed using the `display()`
method. Each constructor also prints a message indicating when it is called, allowing the user
to observe the object creation process.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class Point {
private:
int x, y;
public:
Point() : x(5), y(5) {
cout << "Default constructor called. (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
Point(int x_val, int y_val) : x(x_val), y(y_val) {

cout << "Parameterized constructor called. (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
Point(const Point& other) : x(other.x), y(other.y) {

cout << "Copy constructor called. (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
void display() const {

cout << "Point(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
};
22
int main() {
Point p1;
p1.display();
Point p2(10, 15);

p2.display();
Point p3 = p2;
p3.display();
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
23
Date-11/09/24
Experiment 19
Create a C++ class named Èmployee` to model an employee in a company. The

class should use constructors to initialize its objects with specific attributes:
èmployeeID` (integer), `name` (string), `position` (string), and `salary`
(double). Define the following methods:
1. Default Constructor: Initializes the employee with default values.

2. Parameterized Constructor: Initializes the èmployeeID`, `name`, `position`,
and `salary` with provided values.
3. Copy Constructor: Initializes a new Èmployee` object as a copy of an
existing Èmployee` object.
4. Setters: Provide setter methods to update the èmployeeID`, `name`,
`position`, and `salary` of the employee.
5. Getters: Provide getter methods to retrieve the èmployeeID`, `name`,
`position`, and `salary` of the employee.
6. Display: Implement a public method `display()` that prints the employee's
details in a readable format.
Theory- This C++ code defines an Èmployee` class that models an employee with private
attributes (èmployeeID`, `name`, `position`, and `salary`). It offers public constructors, along
with setter and getter methods for controlled access to these attributes. Additionally, the class
features a `display()` method to print the employee's details, ensuring encapsulation by
keeping the attributes private.
Program-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Employee {
private:
int employeeID;
string name;
string position;
double salary;
public:
Employee() : employeeID(0), name("Unknown"), position("Unknown"), salary(0.0) {
24
cout << "Default constructor called." << endl;
}
Employee(int id, string empName, string empPosition, double empSalary)
: employeeID(id), name(empName), position(empPosition), salary(empSalary) {
cout << "Parameterized constructor called." << endl;
}
Employee(const Employee &other)
: employeeID(other.employeeID), name(other.name), position(other.position),
salary(other.salary) {
cout << "Copy constructor called." << endl;
}
void setEmployeeID(int id) {
employeeID = id;
}
void setName(string empName) {

name = empName;
}
void setPosition(string empPosition) {

position = empPosition;
}
void setSalary(double empSalary) {

salary = empSalary;
}
int getEmployeeID() const {

return employeeID;
}
string getName() const {

return name;
}
string getPosition() const {

return position;
}
double getSalary() const {

return salary;
}
25
cout << "Employee Details: " << endl;
cout << "ID: " << employeeID << endl;
cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Position: " << position << endl;
cout << "Salary: $" << salary << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Employee emp1;
emp1.display();
Employee emp2(101, "John Doe", "Manager", 75000);

emp2.display();
Employee emp3 = emp2;

emp3.display();
emp1.setEmployeeID(102);
emp1.setName("Jane Smith");
emp1.setPosition("Developer");
emp1.setSalary(65000);
emp1.display();
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
26
Date-25/09/24
Experiment 20
Define a class `Complex` with `real` and ìmaginary` as two data members,
along with default and parameterized constructors. The class should include
functions to initialize and display the data. Additionally, overload the `+`
operator to add two complex objects. Write a complete C++ program to
demonstrate the use of the `Complex` class.
Theory- This C++ code defines a `Complex` class with two private member variables, `real`
and ìmaginary`, and includes both default and parameterized constructors for initialization. It
overloads the `+` operator to enable the addition of two complex objects by summing their
real and imaginary parts. In the `main()` function, two complex numbers are created, added,
and displayed using the `display()` method, demonstrating the functionality of the class.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class Complex {
private:
float real;
float imaginary;
public:
Complex() : real(0), imaginary(0) {}
Complex(float r, float i) : real(r), imaginary(i) {}

cout << real << " + " << imaginary << "i" << endl;
}
Complex operator+(const Complex& other) const {

Complex temp;
temp.real = real + other.real;
temp.imaginary = imaginary + other.imaginary;
return temp;
}
};
27
int main() {
Complex c1(3.5, 2.5), c2(1.5, 4.5);
cout << "First Complex Number: ";

c1.display();
cout << "Second Complex Number: ";

c2.display();
Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "Sum of Complex Numbers: ";

c3.display();
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
28
Experiment 21
Design three classes: Student, Exam, and Result. The Student class has data
members such as roll number and name, etc. Create a class Exam by inheriting
the Student class. The Exam class adds data members representing the marks
scored in six subjects. Derive the Result class from the Exam class, which has
its own members such as total marks. Write an interactive program to model this
relationship. What type of inheritance does this model belong to?
Theory- This C++ code defines a Student class with attributes for roll number and name, an
Exam class that inherits from Student and adds marks for six subjects, and a Result class that
inherits from Exam to calculate and display the total marks. The program allows interactive
input of student details and marks, showcasing simple inheritance.
Program-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Student {
protected:
int rollNo;
string name;
public:
void inputStudentDetails() {
cout << "Enter Roll No: ";
cin >> rollNo;
cout << "Enter Name: ";
cin >> name;
}
};
class Exam : public Student {
protected:
float marks[6];
public:
void inputMarks() {
cout << "Enter marks for 6 subjects: ";
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
cin >> marks[i];
}
29
}
float totalMarks() {
float total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
total += marks[i];
}
return total;
}
};
class Result : public Exam {
public:
void displayResult() {
cout << "Roll No: " << rollNo << ", Name: " << name << ", Total Marks: " <<
totalMarks() << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Result studentResult;
studentResult.inputStudentDetails();
studentResult.inputMarks();
studentResult.displayResult();
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
30
Experiment 22
Write a program to swap two numbers (create two classes) using a friend
function.
Theory- This C++ program demonstrates how to swap two numbers using a friend function.
The swapNumbers() function has access to the private members of both classes Number1 and
Number2, allowing it to swap their values.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class Number1;
class Number2;
class Number1 {
int num1;
public:
void setNumber(int n) { num1 = n; }
friend void swapNumbers(Number1 &n1, Number2 &n2);
void display() { cout << "Number1: " << num1 << endl; }
};
class Number2 {
int num2;
public:
void setNumber(int n) { num2 = n; }
friend void swapNumbers(Number1 &n1, Number2 &n2);
void display() { cout << "Number2: " << num2 << endl; }
};
void swapNumbers(Number1 &n1, Number2 &n2) {
int temp = n1.num1;
n1.num1 = n2.num2;
n2.num2 = temp;
}
int main() {
Number1 n1;
Number2 n2;
n1.setNumber(5);
n2.setNumber(10);
cout << "Before Swap:" << endl;

n1.display();
n2.display();
31
swapNumbers(n1, n2);
cout << "After Swap:" << endl;

n1.display();
n2.display();
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
32
Experiment 23
Write a program to calculate the total marks of a student using the concept of a
virtual base class.
Theory- This program demonstrates the use of virtual base classes to avoid ambiguity in the
case of multiple inheritance. The class Result inherits from both Test and Sports, which
virtually inherit from Student. This avoids duplication of the rollNo attribute.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class Student {
protected:
int rollNo;
public:
void getRollNo() {
cout << "Enter Roll No: ";
cin >> rollNo;
}
void displayRollNo() {
cout << "Roll No: " << rollNo << endl;
}
};
class Test : virtual public Student {
protected:
int marks;
public:
void getMarks() {
cout << "Enter Marks: ";
cin >> marks;
}
void displayMarks() {
cout << "Marks: " << marks << endl;
}
};
class Sports : virtual public Student {
protected:
int score;
public:
void getScore() {
cout << "Enter Sports Score: ";
33
cin >> score;
}
void displayScore() {
cout << "Sports Score: " << score << endl;
}
};
class Result : public Test, public Sports {
int total;
public:
void calculateTotal() {
total = marks + score;
}
void displayResult() {
displayRollNo();
displayMarks();
displayScore();
cout << "Total: " << total << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Result r;
r.getRollNo();
r.getMarks();
r.getScore();
r.calculateTotal();
r.displayResult();
return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
34
Experiment 23
Write a program to show the use of this pointer. Write the application of this
pointer.
Theory- This program demonstrates the use of the this pointer in C++. The this pointer is
used to refer to the current instance of the class. In this example, it is used to assign values to
the class members and return the address of the current object.
Program-
#include <iostream>
class Demo {
int value;
public:
Demo(int value) {
this->value = value;
}
void display() {
cout << "Value: " << this->value << endl;
}
Demo* getThisPointer() {
return this;
}
};
int main() {
Demo d(10);
d.display();
cout << "Address of object d: " << d.getThisPointer() << endl;

return 0;
}
Output-
Conclusion-
35

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INDEX

S.No. Experiment Name Page Date Sign

Write a program in C++ to print the name and address.

Write a program in C++ to find the sum of three numbers.

Write a program in C++ to find the greatest of two numbers.

Write a program in C++ to find whether the number is even or odd.

Write a program in C++ to find whether the number is palindrome.

Write a program in C++ to use math operators using functions.

Write a program in C++ to find the factorial of a number using function.

Write a program in C++ using the four categories of function.

void say_hello(string name);

// pass argument num function prime()

void say_hello(string name) {

cout << "Hello, " << user_name;

for (int i = 2; i <= n/2; ++i) {

Write a program in C++ for call by value.

cout<<"value of 'a' before swap is "<<a<<endl;

Write a program in C++ for call by reference.

cout<<"value of 'a' after swap is "<<a<<endl;

cout<<"value of 'a' before swap is "<<a<<endl;

Write a program in C++ for inline function.

Write a program in C++ using friend function.

Write a program in C++ passing objects as function.

double interest2 = calculateSimpleInterest(2000);

double interest3 = calculateSimpleInterest(3000, 3);

double interest4 = calculateSimpleInterest(4000, 2, 10);

Write a program in C++ Explaining with an example program the working of

Point(int x_val, int y_val) : x(x_val), y(y_val) {

Point(const Point& other) : x(other.x), y(other.y) {

void display() const {

Point p2(10, 15);

Create a C++ class named `Employee` to model an employee in a company. The

1. Default Constructor: Initializes the employee with default values.

void setName(string empName) {

void setPosition(string empPosition) {

void setSalary(double empSalary) {

int getEmployeeID() const {

string getName() const {

string getPosition() const {

double getSalary() const {

void display() const {

Employee emp2(101, "John Doe", "Manager", 75000);

Employee emp3 = emp2;

Complex(float r, float i) : real(r), imaginary(i) {}

void display() const {

Complex operator+(const Complex& other) const {

cout << "First Complex Number: ";

cout << "Second Complex Number: ";

cout << "Sum of Complex Numbers: ";

cout << "Before Swap:" << endl;

cout << "After Swap:" << endl;

cout << "Address of object d: " << d.getThisPointer() << endl;

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