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    Viscosity and Shear Stress: DV Dy

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Emad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Viscosity and Shear Stress: DV Dy

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Emad
    2 views6 pages

    Original Title

    2

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views6 pages

    Viscosity and Shear Stress: DV Dy

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Emad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    * Viscosity ( μ ) and Shear stress ( τ ) :

    dv
    Shear rate of strain:
    dy

    dv
    τ∝ the proportianality factor is μ
    dy

    dv
    τ =μ
    dy
    Where
    τ → shear stress , N /m
    2
    μ → dynamic ( absolute , binratic ) visocityN . s /m

    Also:
    F
    τ=
    A
    F dv
    =μ
    A dy

    Kinematic viscosity, (ν):


    2
    μ N . s /m 2
    ν= = =m / s
    ρ Kg/m3

    μ
    The force dimension came out in the combination ( )
    ρ

    Application on Viscosity and shear stress:


    1
    v=10 y 6
    T =20 ° C
    water

    At y=2mm
    τ =?

    Solution:
    dv
    τ =μ
    dy
    1
    6
    v=10 y
    −5
    dv 1 6
    = ∗10 ( y )
    dy 6
    −5
    dv 1
    At y=2mm : 6
    = ∗10 ( 0.002 ) =295.76
    dy 6

    μ at T =20 ° C=1∗10
    −3
    ( from table A.5)
    dv
    =( 1∗10 )∗( 295.76 )=0.296 N /m
    −3 2
    τ =μ
    dy

    Note: if μis not in the table (out of range value) then go to the graph (Figure A.2)

    Newtonian vs. non-Newtonian fluids

    dv
    newtonnian fluid → τ ∝
    dy
    dv
    non−newtonnian fluid → τ is not ∝
    dy

    dv
    * For Newtonian fluids: (τ ∝ )
    dy

    The slope of the line is the value of the dynamic viscosity

    dv
    * For non-Newtonian fluid (τ is not ∝ ):
    dy
    1) Shear-thinning fluids:

    dv τ
    ↑ ↓
    dy dv
    dy
    e.g.: toothpaste and paints

    2) Shear thickening fluids:


    dv τ
    ↑ ↑
    dy dv
    dy
    e.g.: gypsum-water mixture

    3) Bingham Plastic:
    For small (τ)→ react as solid
    For greater (τ)→ react as _____

    * Vapor Pressure:
    - liquids evaporate because of molecular expiring from the liquids surface.

    - Vapor molecules exerts partial pressure between, as the vapor pressure.

    - Temperature dependent.

    - In systems where the pressure may be reduced to very low values, the liquid may flinch into vapor.

    - (cavitation) → affects the performance of hydraulic pumps and turbines.

    * Surface tension, σ :

    - molecules at the surface have greater attraction for each other than molecules at the bulk of the fluid.

    - molecules at bulk (at rest) are under equilibrium.

    - surface molecules make the surface acts like a stretched member.

    - the surface tension is the stretching force required to form the film (membrane).

    F
    σ=
    L
    Where:

    σ → surface tension coefficient, N/m


    F → surface tension force, N
    L → contact length, m
    Note: value of σ for air-water surface is 0.073 N/m at room temperature.

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