2023 NEC® Code Changes

Code changes
based on the
2023 NEC

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Table of contents
Introduction Surge protection
National Electrical Code® (NEC®) style manual ............................ 4 215.18 Surge protection for feeders .................................... 22
Definitions ............................................................................................. 4 225.42 Surge protection for outside feeders ..................... 23
Medium voltage .................................................................................. 4 230.67 Surge protection for services ................................... 24
Short-circuit current & interrupting ratings ................................. 4 242.9 Surge protection indication ........................................ 25
Reconditioned equipment ................................................................ 5 409.70 Surge for ICP with safety circuits ............................. 26
Selective coordination ....................................................................... 6 670.6 Surge protection for industrial machinery with
safety circuits .............................................................................. 27

Definitions
Overcurrent protection ....................................................................... 8 Barriers in services and feeders
Safety circuit ........................................................................................... 9
215.15 Barriers for feeders ........................................................ 28
Short circuit ............................................................................................ 10
230.62(C) Revised wording for barriers .................................. 29
Interrupting rating ................................................................................ 11

Interrupting rating Other significant changes

240.16 Interrupting rating ................................................................. 12 110.3(B) Addition of QR code for instructions ...................... 30

110.20 Reconditioned equipment ............................................ 31

230.71(B) Changes in two to six disconnecting means ...... 32

Selective coordination
240.4(D)(1) Addition of Class CF for small wire
protection ....................................................................................... 34
240.11 Selective coordination for services and feeders ............. 13
240.6(A) Revisions to standard ampere ratings...................... 35
700.32 Selective coordination revisions for emergency 240.7 New listing requirement for Overcurrent
systems .................................................................................................. 15
Protective Device (OCPD) ............................................................ 36
701.10(B) Wiring legally required standby systems....................... 16
240.60(E) Listing requirement for fuse reducers .................. 37

430.6(A) Clarifications on using tables or using

nameplate ....................................................................................... 38
Equipment marking and labeling
430.52 Rating or setting for individual motor circuit ............ 40

110.16(B) Arc-flash hazard warning changes ................................ 17 440.11 A/C disconnecting means ............................................. 41

440.22(A) Rating or setting for Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit

110.21(A)(2) Equipment markings for reconditioned and Ground-Fault Protective Device (BCSCGFPD) ................. 42
equipment .............................................................................................. 18
700.3(F) Revisions for temporary power for
409.110 Nameplate required outside ............................................. 19 maintenance or repair of the alternate power source ........ 43

620.51(D)(1) Fault current marking moved to disconnecting 700.5(D) Redundant transfer switches ................................... 44
means instead of controller ............................................................... 20

670.3(A) Nameplate outside of the enclosure ............................... 21 2023 NEC Code Changes video series .............. Back cover

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Introduction

National Electrical Code style

manual
The NEC® style manual was revised in 2020 and was used for the 2023
NEC. The objective of the Style Manual is to ensure that the code is easily
understandable and concise, and to establish guidelines for formatting.
This resulted in formatting changes in the 2023 NEC reorganizing
numerous rules that were previously presented as lengthy paragraphs
into list formats. When feasible, lengthy terms were substituted with
acronyms, and redundant language was removed from the Code. There
were changes to the structure of informational notes throughout the
Code. Informational notes that reference a requirement or another
standard shall be structured with the referenced requirement or
standard identified first followed by the explanatory text.

Two significant global modifications were implemented - comprehensive

relocation of definitions to Art. 100 and the relocation of medium voltage
requirements to their own Articles. These modifications align the NEC’s Medium voltage
current text with the requirements of the NEC Style Manual, resulting in a
more user-friendly document.
Several new Articles were created to address the growing number
of medium voltage applications under the purview of the NEC and to
improve usability by making them easier to find in more “standardized”

Definitions
locations.

• Article 235 — Branch Circuits, Feeders, and Services Over

1,000VAC, 1,500VDC, Nominal. This Article consolidates
All definitions within the NEC have been moved to Article 100. The move requirements that were previously located in Articles 210, 215, 225
is a result of changes in the NFPA style manual to help standardize across and 230. Most of the requirements have not changed but have
all NFPA documents. It also helps improve usability of the code by having simply been moved to one centralized location.
all definitions located in one place. Many definitions were already located
in Article 100, but there were additional definitions typically found in • Article 245 — Overcurrent Protection for Systems Rated Over
Section xxx.2 of subsequent Articles if the defined term was only found in 1,000VAC, 1,500VDC. This information was moved from Article 240
that Article, or if it only applied to the terminology in that Article. Part IX. The requirements and other information for the different
types of circuit-interrupting devices was relocated from Section
Previous editions of The Code had the definitions in Article 100 separated 490.21 to 245.21.
into three parts: • Article 305 — General Requirements for Wiring Methods
Part I. General and Materials for Systems Rated Over 1,000VAC, 1,500VDC,
Part II. Over 1000 Volts, Nominal Nominal. This Article replaces Article 399, realigning the existing
Part III. Hazardous (Classified) Locations. language and moves it closer to Article 300 which covers general
requirements for wiring methods and materials.
The three parts have been removed so definitions are listed in • Article 315 — Medium Voltage Conductors, Cable, Cable Joints,
alphabetical order and no longer separated for over 1000V or hazardous and Cable Terminations. This Article replaces Article 311 and
locations. Article 100 now contains close to 800 definitions. adds additional information and requirements for joints and
terminations. The voltage range has been specified to be 2001
The code making panel that has responsibility for the definition is listed at
volts to 35,000 volts ac, nominal and 2001 volts to 2500 volts dc,
the end of each definition. If a defined term only appears in one Article
nominal.
within the NEC that Article is also listed at the end of the definition. For
example: • Article 495 — Equipment Over 1,000VAC, 1,500VDC, Nominal.
This Article replaces Article 490. The requirements and other
information for the different types of circuit-interrupting devices
was relocated from Section 490.21 to 245.21.

Short-circuit current and

interrupting ratings
As a result of numerous public inputs and comments concerning the
safety of equipment with inadequate ratings, the NEC has revised and
clarified many requirements surrounding short-circuit current ratings
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 Introduction

and interrupting ratings. In past NEC editions, significant revisions Available fault current
have been made to improve terminology and add more prescriptive
requirements for establishing processes to verify overcurrent protective
Another significant change in the 2020 NEC was the addition of a
device interrupting ratings and equipment short-circuit current ratings
definition for “available fault current,” also prompted by a public input
are adequate at the point of installation.
by the Fault Current Working Group. The intent was for “available fault
current” to be used throughout the NEC rather than such terms as
For the 2020 edition, the Fault Current Working Group was formed to
“available short-circuit current”, “maximum available short-circuit current”,
support the Correlating Committee’s Usability Task Group and analyzed
and “maximum available fault current”. As a result, there are many 2020
the usage of “fault current”, “short-circuit current”, “available short-circuit
NEC changes incorporating this newly defined term.
current”, “available fault current”, “maximum available short-circuit
current”, “maximum available fault current” and other terms. During the
There are many requirements in the NEC in which the available fault
2020 NEC process, this Working Group submitted many public inputs
current must be determined to ensure circuit breakers and fuses have
(PIs) throughout the NEC to achieve consistency of terms as an objective.
sufficient interrupting ratings (110.9), devices and assemblies have
Individual Technical Committees considered these PIs.
sufficient short-circuit current ratings (110.10 plus many other sections),
overcurrent protective devices provide selective coordination (700.32
Though there were not as many significant changes in the 2023 NEC,
and many more sections). Now the terms available fault current, short-
there were still some key revisions that help to further clarify the
circuit current rating, interrupting rating and selective coordination are
differences between some terms and to use the newer nomenclature. In
all defined in the NEC. This should help in the proper interpretation and
the 2023 NEC there is now a definition for short circuit, which is a term
compliance of the many requirements for these items in the NEC.
used in several other related definitions. Also, Article 110.9 has been
revised to include the term “available fault current” to add clarity and
match the defined term that was added in the 2020 edition.
Interrupting rating
Fault Current The available fault current must be determined because each circuit
breaker or fuse is required to have an interrupting rating that is adequate
for the fault current at the point of application. The previous wording
Overcurrent and overload have been defined in the NEC for some time.
stated that the interrupting rating must be “at least equal to the current
However, the definition for “fault current” was only added in 2020. Prior
that is available at the line terminals of the equipment.” This has been
to the 2020 NEC, fault current and short-circuit current were used
revised for clarity to now state, “at least equal to the available fault
interchangeably but neither were defined. With the 2020 NEC changes
current at the line terminals of the equipment.” The requirement hasn’t
the proper term is fault current.
changed but adds clarity and better aligns with the defined terminology
that was updated in the 2020 NEC.
Fault current flows when a short-circuit condition occurs on an energized
circuit. A practical understanding when a short-circuit condition occurs is
Failure to install overcurrent protective devices having an interrupting
that fault current leaves the normal circuit conduction path. In contrast,
rating adequate for the available fault current can result in catastrophic,
during an overload condition, the current stays within the normal
violent explosions which are a serious fire and shock hazard. In addition,
conduction path.
if a person is near equipment in which an overcurrent protective device
fails while trying to interrupt a fault current beyond its interrupting rating,
the person may be subject to arc flash and arc blast hazards including
high speed projectiles from the exploding equipment.
Fault current can cause
tremendous damage in a
brief time
Reconditioned equipment
For many years the NEC had not directly addressed the reconditioning of
electrical equipment. The electrical equipment installed must perform
its duties safely, and to do that the quality of that equipment is critical.
In recent code cycles the NEC has made numerous revisions regarding
Time
reconditioned and refurbished equipment with the intent to increase
Normal Current safety.

NEC 2017 made the first significant revision by adding a new second
level sub-division (2) titled “Reconditioned Equipment” to Section
110.21(A), “Equipment Markings”. This new section provided specific
marking requirements for reconditioned equipment. It stated that
Short-circuit reconditioned equipment must be marked with the name, trademark,
or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for
occurs at this reconditioning the electrical equipment can be identified, along with
time the date of reconditioning. This 2017 NEC section also requires that
reconditioned equipment be identified as “reconditioned” and there is
a brief mention of the listing requirements for this equipment. These
marking requirements add transparency for all involved.

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Introduction

NEC 2017 took the initial step forward on the topic of reconditioned 17. Snap switches of any type – 404.16(B)
equipment, but as usual changes of this magnitude generated industry 18. Molded-case switches – 404.16(D)
dialog that drove more public inputs and comments for the development
of NEC 2020. 19. Receptacles, attachment plugs, cord connectors, and flanged
surface devices – 406.2
The NEMA policy on refurbished equipment was a key reference for each 20. Panel boards – 408.2(A)
of the NEC code making panels as they deliberated on their changes for
21. Luminaires, lamp holders, ballasts, LED drivers, lamps, and
NEC 2020. A total of 18 sections of the NEC spanning 15 Articles were
retrofit kits – 410.2
added and/or modified to include new requirements. These sections can
be separated into three key areas: 22. Listed low-voltage lighting systems or a lighting system
assembled from listed parts - 411.2
1. General requirements 23. Resistors – 470.2(A)
2. That equipment which is NOT permitted to be reconditioned 24. Equipment over 1000 volts ac, 1500 volts dc within the scope of
3. That equipment which IS permitted to be reconditioned Article 495 (except as modified) – 495.2
25. Fire pump controllers and transfer switches - 695.2
The changes to reconditioned equipment requirements continued and
in the NEC 2023 there is a new section 110.20 addressing reconditioned 26. Transfer switches – 700.2, 701.2, 702.2, 708.2
equipment. The new section permits reconditioning of electrical
equipment except where specifically prohibited elsewhere in the Code
and has requirements addressing replacement parts and listing and Permitted to be reconditioned
labeling of reconditioned equipment. The marking requirements in
110.21(A)(2) were also revised and most of the requirements regarding When there is no code requirement that prohibits reconditioning,
reconditioning have been moved to section xxx.2 of the Article if reconditioning is permitted. In some areas equipment was identified
reconditioning is addressed in that Article. as being able to be reconditioned and a little more information was
provided. The following sections have language permitting reconditioning:

General requirements 1. Low-voltage power circuit breakers - 240.2(A)

2. Electromechanical protective relays and current transformers –
Terminology is important when interpreting and trying to understand 240.2(A)
any new requirements in the NEC. The NEC addressed this in 2017 by 3. Medium- and high-voltage circuit breakers – 245.2(A)
establishing a definition of “Reconditioned” in Article 100. Subsequent
versions of the NEC, including the 2023 NEC, have been revised and 4. Electromechanical protective relays and current transformers –
clarified marking requirements for reconditioned equipment. 245.2(A)
5. Knife switches, switches with butt contacts, and bolted pressure
contact switches – 404.16(C)
Not permitted to be reconditioned 6. Switchboards and switchgear, or sections of switchboards or
switchgear – 408.2(B)
Here is the list of equipment that cannot be reconditioned per the NEC 7. Motors – 430.2
2023.
8. Reactors – 470.2(B)
1. Equipment that provides ground-fault circuit-interrupter 9. Switchgear, or sections of switchgear, within the scope of Article
protection for personnel – 210.2 495 – 495.49
2. Equipment that provides arc-fault circuit-interrupter protection –
210.2
3. Equipment that provides ground-fault protection of equipment -
240.2(A) Selective coordination
4. Ground-fault circuit interrupters – 240.2(A)
5. Low-voltage fuse holders – 240.2(A)
NEC selective coordination requirements
6. Low-voltage nonrenewable fuses – 240.2(A)
7. Molded-case circuit breakers – 240.2(A) Selective coordination of overcurrent protective devices is important to
8. Low-voltage power circuit breaker electronic trip units – 240.2(A) avoid unnecessary power outage to loads. See the Article 100 of the NEC
definition:
9. SPDs and surge arresters – 242.2
10. Medium-voltage fuse holders – 245.2(B) “Coordination, Selective. (Selective Coordination)
11. Medium-voltage nonrenewable fuses – 245.2(B) Localization of an overcurrent condition to restrict outages to the
circuit or equipment affected, accomplished by the selection and
12. Flexible metal conduit (FMC) – 348.2 installation of overcurrent protective devices and their ratings or
13. Liquidtight flexible metal conduit (LFMC) – 350.2 settings for the full range of available overcurrents, from overload
14. Electrical nonmetallic tubing (ENT) – 362.2 to the available fault current, and for the full range of overcurrent
protective device opening times associated with those overcurrents.
15. Insulated bus pipe (IBP) and IBP systems – 369.2 (CMP-10).”
16. Lighting, dimmer, and electronic control switches – 404.16(A)

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 Introduction

There are several NEC sections in which selective coordination is

required, including:

• 620.62 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Platform

Lifts, and Stairway Chairlifts (revised exception)
• 620.65 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Platform
Lifts, and Stairway Chairlifts
• 645.27 Information Technology Equipment, Critical Operations
Data Systems
• 695.3(C)(3) Fire Pumps, Multi-building Campus-Style Complexes
• 700.10(B)(6)(b)(ii) Emergency Systems
• 700.32 Emergency Systems (revised)
• 701.32 Legally Required Systems (revised)
• 708.54 Critical Operations Power Systems (revised)

The 2023 NEC also has a significant addition in Article 240. The newly
created section 240.11 states:

“If one or more feeder overcurrent protective devices are required to

be selectively coordinated with a service overcurrent protective device
by other requirements in this Code, all feeder overcurrent protective
devices supplied directly by the service overcurrent protective device
shall be selectively coordinated with the service overcurrent protective
device.”

Installations where selective coordination is mandatory per the NEC must

provide selectively coordinated overcurrent protective devices adhering
to the definition. This means the selective coordination analysis must
be for the full range of opening times and over-currents from overloads
to the available fault current. Therefore, designations such as “selective
coordination greater than 0.01 seconds” or “selective coordination
greater than 0.1 seconds” are inherently contradictory and are not to be
used when selective coordination is the objective.

In practice, when selective coordination is an objective, focus on

the available fault current and whether only the nearest upstream
overcurrent protective device open for any level of current from
overloads up to the available fault current and removes power only to
the load(s) that are affected. This requires analysis by a qualified person
having the expertise in overcurrent protective device characteristics and
how to analyze and interpret their performance when in series during
overcurrent conditions.

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Definitions
Overcurrent Protective Device, Branch-Circuit. (Branch-Circuit
Overcurrent Protective Device
Part I. General
Article 100 Definitions
Chapter 1 General

Revised text
Overcurrent Protective
Device, Branch-
Circuit. (Branch-Circuit
Overcurrent Protective
Device)

A device capable of providing

protection for service, feeder, and
branch circuits and equipment
over the full range of overcurrents
between its rated current and its
interrupting rating. Such devices are
provided with interrupting ratings
appropriate for the intended use
but no less than 5000 amperes.
(CMP-10)

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Fault
Current, Available
• Article 100 Definitions,
Interrupting Rating
• 110.9
• 240.16

Significance of Change
The second sentence was removed because it contained a requirement. Per the NEC Style manual 2.2.2.2 definitions are not allowed to contain
requirements or recommendations. The requirement was moved to Article 240 in a newly created Section 240.16.

Change Summary
• Remove minimum interrupting rating from the definition

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 Definitions
Safety Circuit
Part I. General
Article 100 Definitions
Chapter 1 General

Added text
Safety Circuit.

The part of a control system

containing one or more devices that
perform a safety-related function.
[79:3.3.95] (CMP-12)

Related NEC Sections

• 409.70
• 670.6

Informational Note: See NFPA 79-2021, Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery. Safety-related control system and safety interlock circuit are
common terms that can be used to refer to the safety circuit in other standards. The safety circuit can include hard-wired, communication, and
software-related components.

Significance of Change
Added definition for safety circuits taken from NFPA 79 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery. Safety circuits are typically used in situations
where there is a risk of injury from electrical or mechanical energy. They are designed to detect and respond to hazardous conditions and to take
appropriate action to prevent harm such as stopping the mechanical motions of a machine if a worker gets too close to the moving parts. The term
safety circuits is used in section 409.70 and 670.6 for industrial control panels and industrial machinery which require surge protective devices be
installed when safety circuits are included.

Change Summary
• Added definition for safety circuits

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Definitions
Short Circuit
Part I. General
Article 100 Definitions
Chapter 1 General

Normal load current on a circuit

Added text
Short Circuit.

An abnormal connection (including

an arc) of relatively low impedance,
whether made accidentally or
intentionally, between two or more
points of different potential. (CMP-
10)

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Fault
Current
• Article 100 Definitions,
Available Fault Current
• Article 100 Definitions,
Overcurrent
Normal condition: Current flows through the intended circuit path.
• Article 100 Definitions,
Overload
Short circuit current

Short Circuit: Abnormal condition where current flows outside the normal path. The
resulting fault current could be many times the normal current due to decrease in resistance.

Significance of Change
The phrase short circuit is used throughout the NEC and is included in other definitions like fault current, available fault current and overload; however
it was not defined. The new definition was added to improve clarity and to recognize that a short circuit can occur between two points, such as a line-
to-line or line-to-ground short circuit, or more than two points, such as a three-phase, line-to-line-to-line short circuit.

Change Summary
• Add new definition for short circuit
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 Definitions
110.9 Interrupting Rating
Part I. General
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical
Installations
Chapter 1 General

Revised text Fault current can cause

Interrupting Rating. tremendous damage in a
brief time
Equipment intended to interrupt
current at fault levels shall have an
interrupting rating at nominal circuit
voltage at least equal to the Supply source: ac or dc Source

current that is available fault

current at the line terminals of the Available fault current
Normal Current
equipment.
Available fault current
Time
Equipment intended to interrupt Equipment
current at other than fault levels Short-circuit Equipment with a
shall have an interrupting rating occurs at this
short-circuit current rating

at nominal circuit voltage at least time OCPD

equal to the current that must be Overcurrent protective device
with an interrupting rating
interrupted.

Available fault current

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Fault Load

Current
• Article 100 Definitions,
Available Fault Current
• Article 100 Definitions,
Interrupting Rating
• Article 240.16

Significance of Change
In the 2020 NEC a new definition of available fault current was added. The new language in 110.9 provides clarity that the interrupting rating needs to
be at least equal to the available fault current which is defined as the maximum amount of current that can be delivered to equipment during a short
circuit condition. The interrupting rating should not be confused with the equipment short-circuit current ratings which may be different.

Change Summary
• Wording was revised to clarify that the interrupting rating must be compared to the “available fault current” which is a defined term and used
consistently throughout the NEC.

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Interrupting Rating
240.16 Interrupting Ratings
Part I. General
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
240.16 Interrupting
Ratings.

Branch-circuit overcurrent
protective devices shall have an
interrupting rating no less than
5000 amperes.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Fault
Current, Available
• Article 100 Definitions,
Interrupting Rating
• Article 100 Definitions,
Overcurrent Protective
Device, Branch-Circuit
• 110.9
• 240.7

Significance of Change
In previous editions of the Code the branch-circuit overcurrent protective device had a minimum interrupting rating of 5000 per the definition.
However, definitions are not allowed to have requirements per the NEC Style Manual, so the definition was revised in 2023 to remove the reference
to a minimum interrupting rating. Section 240.16 was added to include the 5000 A minimum interrupting rating.

Change Summary
• The requirement for a minimum interrupting rating of 5000 amperes was moved from the definition of branch-circuit overcurrent protective
device to a new section, 240.16

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 Selective Coordination
240.11 Selective Coordination
Part I. General
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
240.11 Selective
Coordination.

If one or more feeder overcurrent

protective devices are required
to be selectively coordinated with
a service overcurrent protective
device by other requirements in
this Code, all feeder overcurrent
protective devices supplied
directly by the service overcurrent
protective device shall be selectively
coordinated with the service
overcurrent protective device.

OCPD 5 is a feeder that is required to be selectively coordinated with the service OCPD 1
Related NEC Sections
• Article 100 Definitions,
Coordination, Selective
• 620.62
• 645.27
• 695.3(C)(3)
• 700.32
• 701.32
• 708.54

Because a feeder OCPD 5 is required to be selectively coordinated with the service OCPD 1, now all feeder
OCPDs 2, 3 & 4 are required to be selectively coordinated with the service OCPD 1.

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Selective Coordination
240.11 Selective Coordination
Part I. General
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Significance of Change
There are selective coordination requirements in several Articles of the
Code typically involving systems that impact life safety. Those include:

• 620.62 Multiple elevators supplied by the same source,

• 645.27 Critical operations data systems,
• 695.3(C)(3) Fire pumps on multi-building campus-style complexes,
• 700.32 Emergency systems
• 701.32 Legally required standby systems
• 708.54 Critical operations power systems

Many of these requirements will require a feeder overcurrent protective

device (OCPD) to be selectively coordinated with the service OCPD.
For instance, in emergency systems the feeder OCPDs must selectively
coordinate with the service OCPD as illustrated in informational note figure
700.32. The new requirement in 240.11 now requires that all feeder OCPDs
fed directly from the service OCPD must also coordinate with the service
OCPD.

Change Summary
• All feeder OCPDs fed directly from the service OCPD must now
selectively coordinate with the service OCPD if any feeder OCPD
in the system is required to selectively coordinate with the service
OCPD by other requirements in the Code, eg. emergency systems,
legally required standby systems and systems with multiple
elevators fed by the same source. It is part of the design features of
emergency systems and the reliability to be selectively coordinated
to avoid the inadvertent transfer to the emergency source simply
because an upstream overcurrent protective device tripped. The
requirement to have these selectively coordinated will prevent the
Informational Note: Figure 700.32 Emergency System selective coordination. unnecessary tripping of the OCPD on the normal side.

OCPD C selectively coordinates with OCPDs F, E, B, and A.

The Quik-Spec Coordination

Panelboard (QSCP)
(left) simplifies selective
coordination and eliminates
the need to plot time-current
curves or perform expensive
studies. The user only needs to
follow the published selective
coordination ratios.

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 Selective Coordination
700.32 Selective Coordination (Same as 701.32 and 708.54)
Part VI. Overcurrent Protection
Article 700 Emergency Systems
Chapter 7 Special Conditions

Revised text
700.32 Selective Coordination for services and
feeders

(A)  General.

Emergency System(s) overcurrent protective devices (OCPDs)

shall be selectively coordinated with all supply-side overcurrent
protective devices and load-side OCPDs. overcurrent protective
devices (OCPDs) shall be selectively coordinated with all supply-
side overcurrent protective devices and load-side OCPDs.

Selective coordination shall be selected by a licensed

professional engineer or other qualified persons engaged
primarily in the design, installation, or maintenance of electrical
systems. The selection shall be documented and made available
to those authorized to design, install, inspect, maintain, and
operate the system.

(B)  Replacements.

Where emergency system(s) OCPDs are replaced, they shall be

reevaluated to ensure selective coordination is maintained with
all supply-side and load-side OCPDs.

(C)  Modifications.

If modifications, additions, or deletions to the emergency

Significance of Change
system(s) occur, selective coordination of the emergency
system(s) OCPDs with all supply-side and load-side OCPDs shall Additional language has been added to the selective coordination
be reevaluated. requirements for emergency systems, legally required standby systems, and
critical operations power systems to clarify that when specifying OCPDs,
Exception: Selective coordination shall not be required particularly feeders, you need to verify selective coordination with both the
between two overcurrent devices located in series if no loads supply-side OCPD and the load-side OCPD.
are connected in parallel with the downstream device.
Most panelboards and switchboards will accept multiple varieties of OCPDs.
Informational Note: See Informational Note Figure 700.32(C) for For instance, a fusible panelboard with Class R switches will accept both
an example of how emergency system overcurrent protective Class RK1 and Class RK5 fuses, or a circuit breaker panelboard will accept
devices (OCPDs) selectively coordinate with all supply-side a variety of circuit breakers. When OCPDs in the system are replaced,
OCPDs. special care should be taken to replace the OCPDs with the same type and
manufacturer if possible and if not, the system must be reevaluated to make
• OCPD D selectively coordinates with OCPDs C, F, E, B, and sure that selective coordination is maintained per subdivision 700.32(B).
A.
• OCPD C selectively coordinates with OCPDs F, E, B, and A. It is important to maintain selective coordination for the life of the system
which is addressed by the addition of subdivision 700.32(C). Any time there
• OCPD F selectively coordinates with OCPD E. are modifications, additions, or deletions the selective coordination of the
• OCPD B is not required to selectively coordinate with system must be reevaluated to make sure it still complies with 700.32(A).
OCPD A because OCPD B is not an emergency system
OCPD. When the new subdivisions (B) and (C) were added to the section, the
informational note was correctly moved to the end of the section. The
Note: 701.32 and 708.54 have the same language and intent was to have this informational note and figure apply to the entire
revisions. section. However, the (C) was mistakenly added to the informational note
and figure after the first draft report and was not noticed by the CMP during
the second draft stage of the process. The informational note and figure
currently only reference subdivision (C) of the section. TIA 1692 has been
submitted and is expected to correct this error.
Related NEC Sections
• Article 100 Definitions, Coordination, Selective
Change Summary
• 701.32
• 701.10(B)(1)(b) • Selective coordination must be reevaluated when OCPDs are replaced
• 708.54 • Selective coordination must be reevaluated when modifications,
additions or deletions occur
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Selective Coordination
701.10(B) Wiring
701.10 Wiring Legally Required Standby Systems
Part II. Circuit Wiring
Article 701 Legally Required Standby Systems
Chapter 7 Special Conditions

Revised text
701.10 Wiring Legally
Required Standby Systems.

(A)  General.

The legally required standby system

wiring shall be permitted to occupy
the same raceways, cables, boxes,
and cabinets with other general
wiring.

(B)  Wiring.

Wiring from a legally required source

to supply legally required and other
(non-legally required) loads shall be
in accordance with the following:
Informational Note Figure 701.10(B)(2)
1. The common bus of Single or Multiple Feeders with Overcurrent
switchgear, sections of a Protection.
switchboard, or individual
enclosures shall be either of Significance of Change
the following:
a. Supplied by single or Unlike emergency system wiring which is required to be separated from all other wiring unless permitted
multiple feeders without in 700.10(B), wiring of legally required standby and optional standby systems are not required to be
overcurrent protection at separated. Wiring from the legally required standby source is permitted to supply both the legally required
the source standby system and the optional standby system. Single or multiple feeders are permitted with or without
b. Supplied by single or overcurrent protection that is common to both systems. If overcurrent protection is provided that is
multiple feeders with common to the legally required standby system and a non-legally required system, selective coordination
with the next downstream overcurrent protective device in the non-legally required system is required.
overcurrent protection,
Selective coordination of the downstream overcurrent protective device in the legally required standby
provided that the
system per 701.32.
overcurrent protection
that is common to a legally
required system and
any non-legally required Change Summary
system(s) is selectively
coordinated with the next
downstream overcurrent • Selective coordination with the downstream overcurrent protective devices is required if a common
protective device in the overcurrent protective device supplies both legally required standby systems and non-legally
non-legally required required standby systems.
system(s)

Informational Note: See

Informational Note Figure
701.10(B)(1) and Informational
Note Figure 701.10(B)(2) for
further information.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions,
Coordination, Selective
• 700.10 (B)
• 700.32
• 701.32
• 708.54

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16 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Equipment Marking and Labeling
110.16(B) Service Equipment and Feeder Supplied Equipment
110.16 Arc-Flash Hazard Warning
Part I. General
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Installations
Chapter 1 General

Revised text
110.16 Arc-Flash Hazard Warning.

(A) General.
Electrical equipment, such as switchboards, switchgear,
enclosed panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket
enclosures, and motor control centers, that is in other than
dwelling units, and is likely to require examination, adjustment,
servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field or
factory marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric
arc flash hazards. The marking shall meet the requirements
in 110.21(B) and shall be located so as to be clearly visible to
qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or
maintenance of the equipment.

(B) Service Equipment and Feeder Supplied Equipment.

Equipment.
In other than dwelling units, in addition to the requirements
in 110.16(A), a permanent arc flash label shall be field, or
factory applied to service equipment and feeder supplied
equipment rated 1200 1000 ampere eres or more. The label
shall be in accordance with applicable industry practice and Significance of Change
include the date the label was applied. The label shall meet
the requirements of 110.21(B). and contain the following The previous language only included service equipment rated 1200A and
information: higher. The language reduces the threshold from 1200A down to 1000A
and includes both service and also feeder supplied equipment, effectively
1. Nominal system voltage expanding the requirement to all equipment rated 1000A or larger.
2. Available fault current at the service overcurrent
protective devices The detailed requirements of the arc-flash hazard warning have been
removed from the Code in lieu of stating that the label must be in
3. The clearing time of service overcurrent protective
accordance with applicable industry practice and Informational Note No. 2
devices based on the available fault current at the service
directs users to NFPA 70E.
equipment
4. The date the label was applied NFPA 70E section 130.5(H) requires the label to include, 1) nominal system
voltage, 2) arc flash boundary and 3) at least one of the following: a)
Exception: Service equipment labeling shall not be required available incident energy and the corresponding working distance, or the
if an arc flash label is applied in accordance with acceptable arc flash PPE category, but not both, b) minimum arc rating of clothing, or
industry practice. c) site-specific level of PPE

Informational Note No. 1: NFPA 70E® -2018, Standard for

Electrical Safety in the Workplace, provides guidance, such as
determining severity of potential exposure, planning safe work
Change Summary
practices, arc flash labeling, and selecting personal protective
equipment. • Feeder supplied equipment is now included in addition to service
equipment
Informational Note No. 12: See ANSI Z535.4-2011 (R2017
R2017), • Lowered the equipment rating from 1200 amperes or more to 1000
Product Safety Signs and Labels, provides for guidelines for the amperes or more
design of safety signs and labels for application to products.
• Removed specific requirements for nominal system voltage,
available fault current and clearing and refers instead to “applicable
Informational Note No. 23: Acceptable industry practices for
equipment labeling are described in See NFPA 70E-2021 2021, 2018
2018, industry practice”
Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, for applicable
industry practices for equipment labeling.
labeling This standard
provides specific criteria for developing arc-flash labels for
equipment that provides nominal system voltage, incident
energy levels, arc-flash boundaries, minimum required levels of
personal protective equipment, and so forth.

NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, and NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, MA.
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Equipment Marking and Labeling
110.21(A)(2) Reconditioned Equipment
110.21(A) Equipment Markings
Part I. General
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Installations
Chapter 1 General

Significance of Change
Revised text
The modifications clarify the marking requirements of reconditioned equipment. These changes
110.21(A)(2) Reconditioned involve specifying the organization responsible for performing the reconditioning, identifying
the equipment as reconditioned and clarifying the procedures for removing the original listing
Equipment. mark without removing the nameplate.

Reconditioned equipment shall be marked with

the following
following:
1. Name, trademark, or other descriptive
Change Summary
marking of the organization responsible
for that performed the reconditioning the • The requirements have been reorganized from a paragraph to a list format for clarity in
electrical equipment can be identified, accordance with the NEC style manual
along with • Informational Note No. 3 has been eliminated as it is deemed unnecessary.
2. The date of the reconditioning
3. The term reconditioned or other approved
wording or symbol indicating that the
equipment has been reconditioned

Reconditioned equipment shall be identified as

“reconditioned” and The original listing mark shall
be removed or made permanently illegible. The
equipment nameplate shall not be required to
be removed or made permanently illegible, only
the part of the nameplate that includes the listing
mark, if applicable. Approval of the reconditioned
equipment shall not be based solely on the
equipment’s original listing.

Exception: In industrial occupancies, where

conditions of maintenance and supervision
ensure that only qualified persons service
the equipment, the markings indicated
in 110.21(A)(2) shall not be required for
equipment that is reconditioned by the owner
or operator as part of a regular equipment
maintenance program.

Informational Note No. 1: Industry ANSI-approved

standards are available for application of
reconditioned and refurbished equipment.

Informational Note No. 2: The term reconditioned

may be interchangeable with the terms rebuilt,
refurbished, or remanufactured even though
these are sometimes different processes.

Informational Note No. 3: The original listing mark

may include the mark of the certifying body and
not the entire equipment label.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Reconditioned
• 110.20
• See section 2 of each article for additional
reconditioned equipment requirements

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 Equipment Marking and Labeling
409.110 Marking
Part III. Construction Specifications
Article 409 Industrial Control Panels
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use

Significance of Change
Revised text
Previous editions of the Code required markings to be “plainly visible after
409.110 Marking. installation,” but there was confusion as to whether markings located inside the
enclosure met this requirement, or if the markings had to be on the outside of
the enclosure. The revised wording clarifies that the voltage, number of phases,
An industrial control panel shall be marked with the frequency, and full load current, as well as markings required for multiple
following information have permanent markings disconnecting means must be located on the outside of the enclosure. All other
that is are visible after installation. The markings in markings can be either inside or outside of the enclosure. Users should strongly
409.110(2) and (3) shall be attached to the outside consider marking the short-circuit current rating (SCCR) on the outside of the panel
of the enclosure. The markings in 409.110(1), (4), (5), for ease of verification and inspection for compliance with 409.22 even though it is
(6), and (7) shall be attached to either the inside or allowable to mark the SCCR on the inside.
outside of the enclosure. The following markings shall
be included: It is important to note that this differs from the requirements in Article 670 for
Industrial Machinery which requires additional information like maximum ampere
1. Manufacturer’s name, trademark, or other rating of the short-circuit and ground-fault protective device, ampere rating of
descriptive marking by which the organization largest motor, from the motor nameplate, or load, SCCR and electrical diagram
responsible for the product can be identified. numbers or index to be marked “outside of the control equipment enclosure.”
2. Supply voltage, number of phases, frequency,
and full-load current for each incoming supply
circuit. Change Summary
3. Industrial Where the industrial control panels
panel is supplied by more than one electrical • The voltage and the marking to indicate more than one disconnecting means
source and where more than one disconnecting shall be visible on the outside of the industrial control panel
means is required to disconnect all circuits
• The manufacturers name, SCCR, suitability for use as service equipment,
50-volts or more within the control panel, shall
wiring diagram and enclosure type can be marked inside or outside of the
be marked to indicate that more than one
enclosure.
disconnecting means is required to de-energize
the equipment. The location of the means
necessary to disconnect all circuits 50-volts or
more shall be documented and available.
4. Short-circuit current rating of the industrial
control panel based on one of the following:
a. Short-circuit current rating of a listed and
labeled assembly
b. Short-circuit current rating established
utilizing an approved method

Informational Note: See ANSI/UL 508A, Standard

for Industrial Control Panels, Supplement SB, is
for an example of an approved method.

Exception to (4): Short-circuit current rating

markings are not required for industrial control
panels containing only control circuit components.

5. If the industrial control panel is intended as

service equipment, marked to identify it as being
suitable for use as service equipment.
6. Electrical wiring diagram, the identification
number of a separate electrical wiring
diagram, or a designation referenced in a
separate wiring diagram.
7. An enclosure type number shall be marked on
the industrial control panel enclosure.
enclosure.

Related NEC Sections

• 409.22
• 670.3

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Equipment Marking and Labeling
620.51(D)(2) Available Fault Current Field Marking
620.51(D) Identification and Signs., 620.51 Disconnecting Means
Part VI. Disconnecting Means and Control
Article 620 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Platform Lifts, and Stairway Chairlifts
Chapter 6 Special Equipment

Revised text
620.51(D)
(21) Available Fault Current
Field Marking.

Where an elevator control panel

is used, it The disconnecting V
means shall be legibly marked
in the field with the available
fault current at its line terminals.
The field marking(s) shall include
the date the available fault current
calculation was performed and be of
sufficient durability to withstand the
environment involved.

When modifications to the electrical

installation occur that affect
the available fault current at the
elevator control panel disconnecting
means, the available fault current
means
shall be verified or recalculated as
necessary to ensure the elevator
control panel’s equipment’s short- Significance of Change
circuit current rating is sufficient
for the available fault current at the The requirement for the available fault current field marking was moved from the elevator control panel
line terminals of the equipment. to the disconnecting means. However, it is the elevator control panel that typically has a lower short-
The required field marking(s) shall circuit current rating (SCCR) and is more susceptible to damage when the available fault current is even
be adjusted to reflect the new level moderately high.
of available fault current.
The available fault at the line terminals of the elevator control panel must still be calculated to verify
that the SCCR of the elevator control panel complies with 620.16(B). The intent when this marking
requirement was added to the 2017 NEC was to have the available fault current marked on the elevator
Related NEC Sections control panel to make it easy to verify the SCCR was adequate during installation and inspection.

• Article 100 Definitions, Fault

Current, Available Change Summary
• Article 100 Definitions, Short-
Circuit Current Rating
• 620.16 • Available fault current field marking moved from elevator control panel to the elevator
disconnecting means.

More Resources
Calculating available fault current

FC2 Available Fault Current Calculator (no cost): available from the Apple App Store, Google Play Store, or
on-line at https://faultcurrentcalculator.bussmann.com/web/index.html

FC2 offers the following features:

• The option to use English, Spanish or French.

• Calculations for three-phase and single-phase systems.
• Documentation for the available short-circuit current at one or multiple points in an electrical
system.
• An easy way to comply with field marking requirements by creating and emailing 110.24 labels, in
jpeg or PDF formats.
• A system printout that documents the calculation along with the date it was performed.
• The option to generate labels and documentation in English, Spanish or French.

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 Equipment Marking and Labeling
670.3(A) Permanent Nameplate
670.3 Machine Nameplate Data
Article 670 Industrial Machinery
Chapter 6 Special Equipment

Significance of Change
Revised text
The requirements in 670.3(A) were revised to clarify the location of the machine
670.3(A) Permanent Nameplate. nameplate and align with the requirement for nameplate marking per NFPA 79 16.4.1.
The term “plainly visible” introduced confusion as to whether the nameplate was
permitted to be inside the enclosure, or if it had to be outside of the enclosure. This
change removes ambiguity by stating that the nameplate must be on the outside of the
A permanent nameplate shall be attached enclosure. The information required to be included on the nameplate has not changed.
to the outside of the control equipment
enclosure or machine and shall be plainly on
the machine immediately adjacent to the main
control equipment enclosure that is visible after Change Summary
installation. The nameplate shall include the
following information: • A permanent nameplate must be attached to the outside of the control equipment
enclosure or on the machine immediately adjacent to the main control equipment
1. Supply voltage, number of phases, enclosure and it must be visible after installation.
frequency, and full-load current
2. Maximum ampere rating of the short-circuit
and ground-fault protective device
3. Ampere rating of largest motor, from the
motor nameplate, or load
4. Short-circuit current rating of the machine
industrial control panel based on one of the
following:
a. Short-circuit current rating of a listed and
labeled machine control enclosure or
assembly
b. Short-circuit current rating established
utilizing using an approved method

Informational Note: See UL 508A-2017, Standard

for Industrial Control Panels, Supplement SB, is for
an example of an approved method.

5. Electrical diagram number(s) or the number

of the index to the electrical drawings

The full-load current shown on the nameplate

shall not be less than the sum of the full-load
currents required for all motors and other
equipment that may be in operation at the same
time under normal conditions of use. Where
unusual type loads, duty cycles, and so forth
require oversized conductors or permit reduced-
size conductors, the required capacity shall be
included in the marked “full-load current.” Where
more than one incoming supply circuit is to be
provided, the nameplate shall state the preceding
information for each circuit.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Short-Circuit Current
Rating
• 409.110

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Surge Protection
215.18 Surge Protection
Article 215 Feeders
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added Text
215.18 Surge Protection.

215.18(A) Surge-Protective
Device.
Where a feeder supplies any of the
following, a surge-protective device
(SPD) shall be installed:

1. Dwelling units
2. Dormitory units
3. Guest rooms and guest
suites of hotels and motels
4. Areas of nursing homes Significance of Change
and limited-care facilities
used exclusively as patient Electronics in appliances and electronic equipment such as GFCI’s and AFCI’s could be damaged when
sleeping rooms surges occur due to lightning, internal local switching as well as external utility switching. In many cases,
electronic devices and equipment can be damaged and rendered inoperable by a surge.
215.18(B) Location.
The SPD shall be installed in or The 2020 NEC introduced the need for surge protection on services of dwelling units. This new section
adjacent to distribution equipment, adds surge protection to feeders for the following occupancies: dwelling units, dormitory units, guest
connected to the load side of the rooms and guest suites of hotels and motels, and areas in nursing homes and limited-care facilities used
feeder, that contains branch circuit exclusively as patient sleeping rooms. These occupancies are very similar to dwelling units and have
overcurrent protective device(s) equipment and appliances with sensitive electronics that may be susceptible to damage from surges.
that supply the locations specified The SPD must be installed in or adjacent to the distribution equipment on the load side of the feeder
in 215.18(A). OCPD. The SPD must be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD and have a nominal discharge current rating (In) of 10kA.
If the distribution equipment is replaced, the replacement equipment needs to comply with all of the
Informational Note: Surge requirements of this section.
protection is most effective when
closest to the branch circuit. Surges
can be generated from multiple Change Summary
sources including, but not limited
to, lightning, the electric utility, or
• Surge protection is required for feeders supplying dwelling units, dormitory units, guest rooms and
utilization equipment.
suites of hotels and motels, and areas of nursing homes and limited-care facilities used as patient
sleeping rooms
215.18(C) Type.
The SPD shall be a Type 1 or Type • The SPD must be installed in or adjacent to the distribution equipment on the load side of the
2 SPD. feeder OCPD
• The SPD must be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD and have a nominal discharge current rating (In) of 10kA
215.18(D) Replacement.
Where the distribution equipment
supplied by the feeder is replaced,
all of the requirements of this
section shall apply.

215.18(E) Ratings.
SPDs shall have a nominal
discharge current rating (In) of not
less than 10kA.

Related NEC Sections

• 225.42
• 230.67
• Article 242

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 Surge Protection
225.42 Surge Protection
Part II. Buildings or Other Structures Supplied by a Feeder(s) or Branch Circuit(s)
Article 225 Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

225.42 Surge Protection.

225.42(A) Surge-Protective Device.

Where a feeder supplies any of the

following, a surge-protective device (SPD)
shall be installed:

1. Dwelling units
2. Dormitory units
3. Guest rooms and guest suites of
hotels and motels
4. Areas of nursing homes and Significance of Change
limited-care facilities used
exclusively as patient sleeping
Electronics in appliances and electronic equipment such as GFCI’s and AFCI’s could be damaged
rooms
when surges occur due to lightning, internal local switching as well as external utility switching. In
many cases, electronic devices and equipment can be damaged and rendered inoperable by a surge.
225.42(B) Location.
The 2020 NEC introduced the need for surge protection on services of dwelling units. This new
The SPD shall be installed in or adjacent section adds surge protection to feeders for the following occupancies: dwelling units, dormitory
to the distribution equipment that is units, guest rooms and guest suites of hotels and motels, and areas in nursing homes and limited-
connected to the load side of the feeder care facilities used exclusively as patient sleeping rooms. These occupancies are very similar to
and contains branch circuit overcurrent dwelling units and have equipment and appliances with sensitive electronics that may be susceptible
protective device(s) that supply the to damage from surges.
location specified in 225.42(A). The SPD must be installed in or adjacent to the distribution equipment on the load side of the feeder
OCPD. The SPD must be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD and have a nominal discharge current rating (In) of
Informational Note: Surge protection 10kA. If the distribution equipment is replaced, the replacement equipment needs to comply with
is most effective when closest to all of the requirements of this section. As noted in the informational note, to optimize protection of
the branch circuit. Surges can be the SPD, the lead length should be kept as short and also as straight as possible to provide the best
generated from multiple sources performance.
including, but not limited to, lightning,
the electric utility, or utilization
equipment.
Change Summary
225.42(C) Type.
• Surge protection is required for feeders supplying dwelling units, dormitory units, guest
The SPD shall be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD. rooms and suites of hotels and motels, and areas of nursing homes and limited-care facilities
used as patient sleeping rooms
• The SPD must be installed in or adjacent to the distribution equipment on the load side of the
225.42(D) Replacement. feeder OCPD
• The SPD must be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD and have a nominal discharge current rating (In) of
Where the distribution equipment
10kA
supplied by the feeder is replaced, all
of the requirements of this section shall
apply.

225.42(E) Ratings.

SPDs shall have a nominal discharge

current rating (In) of not less than 10kA.

Informational Note: Lead lengths

of conductors to the SPD should be
kept as short as possible to reduce
let-through voltages.

Related NEC Sections

• 215.18
• 230.67
• Article 242

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Surge Protection
230.67 Surge Protection
Part V. Service Equipment - General
Article 230 Services
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
230.67  Surge Protection.

(A)  Surge-Protective Device.

1. All services supplying dwelling

units the following
occupancies shall be
provided with a surge-
protective device (SPD).:
(SPD).:
2. Dwelling units
3. Dormitory units Significance of Change
4. Guest rooms and guest
suites of hotels and motels Electronics in appliances and electronic equipment such as GFCI’s and AFCI’s could be damaged when surges occur
due to lightning, internal local switching as well as external utility switching. In many cases, electronic devices and
5. Areas of nursing homes
equipment can be damaged and rendered inoperable by a surge.
and limited-care facilities
used exclusively as patient The 2020 NEC introduced the need for surge protection on services of dwelling units. Subdivision 230.67(A) has
sleeping rooms been expanded and adds surge protection to the following occupancies: dormitory units, guest rooms and guest
6. Informational suites of hotels and motels, and areas in nursing homes and limited-care facilities used exclusively as patient
sleeping rooms. These occupancies are very similar to dwelling units and have equipment and appliances with
Note: See 517.10(B)(2).
sensitive electronics that may be susceptible to damage from surges.

(B)  Location. The SPD must be installed in or adjacent to the distribution equipment on the load side of the feeder OCPD. The
The SPD shall be an integral part SPD must be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD and a new requirement to have a nominal discharge rating (In) of not less
of the service equipment or shall than 10kA nominal current discharge rating, In, requirement was added in 2023. The nominal discharge rating of
be located immediately adjacent an SPD has a current impulse with a virtual front time (rise time) of 8 µs and a time to half-value (decay time) of 20
thereto. µs as defined by UL 1449 4th Edition. It is the peak value of the current through the SPD having a current wave
shape of 8/20 µs where the SPD remains functional after 15 surges. For Type 2 SPDs, In ratings can be 3kA, 5kA,
Exception: The SPD shall not 10kA or 20kA. The 10kA In rating requirement was put in place to help ensure that the SPD would be active since
it is a passive device and doesn’t interrupt the circuit like an OCPD. If the distribution equipment is replaced, the
be required to be located in
replacement equipment needs to comply with all of the requirements of this section.
at the service equipment as
required in 230.67
230.67(B) if located
at each next level distribution
equipment downstream toward Change Summary
the load.
• Surge protection is required for services supplying dwelling units, dormitory units, guest rooms and suites of
hotels and motels, and areas of nursing homes and limited-care facilities used as patient sleeping rooms
(C)  Type.
The SPD shall be a Type 1 or Type • The SPD must be installed in or adjacent to the distribution equipment on the load side of the feeder OCPD
2 SPD. • The SPD must be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD and have a nominal discharge current rating (In) of 10kA

(D)  Replacement.
Where service equipment is
replaced, all of the requirements of
this section shall apply.

(E)  Ratings.
SPDs shall have a nominal discharge
current rating (In) of not less than
10kA.

Related NEC Sections

• 215.18
• 225.42
• Article 242

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24 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Surge Protection
242.9 Indicating
Part II. Surge-Protective Devices (SPDs), 1000 Volts or Less
Article 242 Overvoltage Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
242.9 Indicating.

An SPD shall provide indication that

is functioning properly.

Related NEC Sections

• 215.18
• 225.42
LED protection status indicators showing full protection and phase faults.
• 230.67
• 620.51(E)
• 700.8
Significance of Change
SPDs are mandatory in several sections of the NEC. However, SPDs may degrade over time as they
divert surge current during transient overvoltage events or could be damaged by sustained overvoltage
conditions. Consequently, occupants and owners could be left unprotected without realizing it as they
are typically parallel connected and will allow normal operation even if they are no longer functioning.
This requirement helps to ensure that the desired level of protection remains in effect and the owner or
occupant can identify and replace an SPD that is not working properly.

Change Summary
• Surge-Protective Devices rated 1000V or less that are permanently installed on premises wiring
systems now must indicate if they are functioning properly

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2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org. 25
Surge Protection
409.70 Surge Protection
Part II. Installation
Article 409 Industrial Control Panels
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use

Added text
409.70 Surge Protection.

Safety circuits for personnel

protection that are subject to
damage from surge events shall
have surge protection installed
within or immediately adjacent to
the control panel.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Safety
Circuit
• 670.6

Significance of Change
Recent studies revealed that numerous facilities reported that safety circuits installed on machinery had sustained damage from transient overvoltage
or surge events. These safety circuits are in place to safeguard workers from potential harm and damage to the safety circuit could result in unsafe
working conditions or prevent the machinery from operating.

The addition of surge protection devices (SPDs) will help protect safety circuits from damage due to surge events. Some examples of safety circuits
that may be susceptible to surges include, but are not limited to, light curtains, proximity switches, optic actuators and microprocessor controls. This
new section requires the SPD to installed within or immediately adjacent to an industrial control panel if it has a safety circuit.

Change Summary
• Industrial control panels that include safety circuits subject to damage from surges must have surge protection

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
26 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Surge Protection
670.6 Surge Protection
Article 670 Industrial Machinery
Chapter 6 Special Equipment

Revised text
670.6 Surge Overvoltage
Protection.

Industrial machinery with safety

interlock control devices not
effectively protected from voltage
surges on the incoming supply
circuitss shall have surge overvoltage
protection.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Safety
Circuit
• 409.70

Significance of Change
Recent studies revealed that numerous facilities reported that safety circuits installed on machinery had sustained damage from transient overvoltage
or surge events. These safety circuits are in place to safeguard workers from potential harm and damage to the safety circuit could result in unsafe
working conditions or prevent the machinery from operating.

The requirement for overvoltage protection has been substantially simplified and now simply states that when an industrial machine has any type
of safety circuit, it must have overvoltage protection. The surge protection devices (SPDs) will help protect safety circuits from damage due to surge
events.

Some examples of safety circuits that may be susceptible to surges include, but are not limited to, light curtains, proximity switches, optic actuators and
microprocessor controls.

Change Summary

• Industrial machinery with safety circuits shall have overvoltage protection

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2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org. 27
Barriers in Services and Feeders
215.15 Barriers
Article 215 Feeders
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
215.15 Barriers.

Barriers shall be placed such

that no energized, uninsulated,
ungrounded busbar or terminal is
exposed to inadvertent contact by
persons or maintenance equipment
while servicing load terminations
in panelboards, switchboards,
switchgear, or motor control
centers supplied by feeder taps in
240.21(B) or transformer secondary
conductors in 240.21(C) when the
disconnecting device, to which the
tap conductors are terminated, is in
the open position.

Related NEC Sections

• 230.62(C)
• 230.71(B)

Significance of Change
This change improves safety when work is required to be done on the load side of the feeder disconnecting means. Barriers must be placed to
prevent contact with terminals on the line side of the disconnecting means in switchboards, switchgear, motor control centers or transformer
secondaries. When the feeder disconnecting means is in the open position an electrical worker performing work on the load side of the disconnecting
means will have a reduced risk of contacting energized parts on the line side of the disconnecting means.

Change Summary
Barriers are required to prevent inadvertent contact to any energized parts when the feeder disconnecting means is open.

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28 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Barriers in Services and Feeders
230.62(C) Barriers
230.62 Service Equipment — Enclosed or Guarded
Part V. Service Equipment — General
Article 230 Services
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Revised text
230.62(C) Barriers.

Barriers shall be placed in

service equipment such that no
uninsulated, ungrounded service
busbar or service terminal is
exposed to inadvertent contact by
persons or maintenance equipment
while servicing load terminations
with the service disconnect in the
open position.
position

Related NEC Sections

• 215.15
• 230.71(B)

Significance of Change
The additional wording makes it clear that any terminals that are de-energized by opening the service disconnect are not required to be insulated
or protected by barriers. Only exposed, energized components on the line side of the service disconnect need to be protected from inadvertent
contact.

The incident energy available at the line terminals of the service disconnect may be considerably higher than the incident energy on the load side
of the service disconnect. It may also be difficult to de-energize the line side of the service disconnect to do work inside the equipment. For these
reasons, it is important prevent any inadvertent contact and provide protection against shock hazard and reduce the likelihood of initiating an arcing
fault.

Change Summary
Additional language “with the service disconnect in the open position” was added to clarify that the intent of this section is to provide protection for
exposed service conductors and circuit parts on the line side of the service OCPD or disconnect, not those that are downstream from the service
disconnect.

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Other Significant Changes
110.3(B) Installation and Use
110.3 Examination, Identification, Installation, Use, and Listing (Product Certification) of Equipment
Part I. General
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Installations
Chapter 1 General

Added text
110.3(B) Installation and
Use.

Equipment that is listed, labeled, or

both, or identified for a use shall be
installed and used in accordance
with any instructions included in the
listing, labeling, or identification.

Informational Note:

The installation and use instructions

may be provided in the form of
printed material, quick response
(QR) code, or the address on the
internet where users can download
the required instructions.

Significance of Change
Text has been added to include equipment or components that have been identified for a use in addition to those that are listed and labeled. An
informational note has been added to give users guidance that the installation and use instructions may be printed and included in the packaging or it
can be referenced by a QR code or internet address. This can be beneficial if printed instructions are lost or otherwise unavailable.

Change Summary
• Added identified along with listed and labeled
• Addition of informational note to describe how installation and use instructions for the equipment can be accessed

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 Other Significant Changes
110.20 Reconditioned Equipment
Part I. General
Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Installations
Chapter 1 General

Added Text
110.20 Reconditioned
Equipment.

Reconditioned equipment shall be

permitted except where prohibited
elsewhere in this Code. Equipment
that is restored to operating
condition shall be reconditioned
with identified replacement parts,
verified under applicable standards,
that are either provided by the
original equipment manufacturer
or that are designed by an engineer
experienced in the design of
replacement parts for the type of
equipment being reconditioned.

110.20(A) Equipment Required to

Be Listed.
Equipment that is reconditioned
and required by this Code to be
listed shall be listed or field labeled
as reconditioned using available
instructions from the original
equipment manufacturer.

110.20(B) Equipment Not

Required to Be Listed.
Equipment that is reconditioned
and not required by this Code to be
listed shall comply with one of the
following:

1. Be listed or field labeled as

Significance of Change
reconditioned
A new Section, 110.20, has been established to outline general prerequisites that will be applicable to
2. Have the reconditioning all reconditioned equipment. Since the notion of “reconditioned equipment” was initially introduced as
performed in accordance a fundamental concept in the 2017 NEC, and subsequently expanded upon to incorporate additional
with the original equipment requirements and specific equipment in the 2020 NEC, Code users have inquired about the permissibility
manufacturer instructions of reconditioning certain types of equipment.

110.20(C) Approved Equipment. The first sentence of the new Section clarifies that reconditioned equipment is allowed under the
If the options specified in 110.20(A) Code when the Code does not explicitly prohibit or otherwise address the equipment in question. The
or (B) are not available, the equipment must be reconditioned using identified replacement parts either provided by the original
authority having jurisdiction shall be manufacturer or that are designed by an engineer with experience for the type of equipment being
permitted to approve reconditioned reconditioned.
equipment, and the reconditioner
shall provide the authority having Additionally, if the equipment is required by the Code to be listed, it then must be listed or field labeled
jurisdiction with documentation of as reconditioned. If the equipment is not required to be listed, it can be listed or field labeled as
the changes to the product. reconditioned, or the reconditioning must be in accordance with the original manufacturer’s instructions.
If those options are not available, the AHJ is permitted to approve the equipment.

Change Summary
Related NEC Sections
• New language was added to provide clarity on the specific types of equipment allowed to be
• Article 100 Definitions, reconditioned as well as providing requirements for listing or labeling, replacement parts and the
Reconditioned approval process by an AHJ.
• 110.21(A)(2)
• See section 2 of each article
for additional reconditioned
equipment requirements

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Other Significant Changes
230. 71(B) Two to Six Service Disconnecting Means
230.71 Maximum Number of Disconnects
Part VI. Service Equipment — Disconnecting Means
Article 230 Services
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Significance of Change
Revised text
In 2020 there were significant revisions made to the “six disconnect
rule” for service equipment. The Code still permits two to six
230.71(B) Two to Six Service Disconnecting Means. disconnects, but the 2020 revision required separation by having
the disconnecting means in their own enclosure, vertical section or
Two to six service disconnects shall be permitted for each service compartment. These requirements were added to provide additional
permitted by 230.2 or for each set of service-entrance conductors safety for electrical workers to reduce any chance of contact with live
permitted by 230.40, Exception No. 1, 3, 4, or 5. The two to six service parts.
disconnecting means shall be permitted to consist of a combination of
any of the following: The revisions made for the 2023 NEC add transfer switches, metering
centers and motor control centers increasing the number of options
1. Separate enclosures with a main service disconnecting means for the types of equipment that can have service disconnecting
in each enclosure means. The service disconnects still need to be in either their own
2. Panelboards with a main service disconnecting means in each enclosure, compartment, or have barriers that provide protection from
panelboard enclosure inadvertent contact with live parts required in 230.62.
3. Switchboard(s) where there is only one service disconnect The flexibility to be able to use two to six service disconnects may be
in each separate vertical section where there are barriers advantageous for several reasons. For further discussion of design
separating each vertical section.
section. with barriers provided between considerations see the following page.
each vertical section to maintain the inadvertent contact
protection required in 230.62 based on access from the
adjacent section(s)
4. Service disconnects in switchgear, transfer switches,
switches, or Change Summary
metering centers where each disconnect is located in a
separate compartment • Added references for inadvertent contact protection required in
5. Metering centers with a main service disconnecting means in 230.62
each metering center • Added transfer switches, metering centers and motor control
6. Motor control center(s) where there is only one service centers as equipment that can contain service disconnecting
disconnect in a motor control center unit and a maximum of means if they meet specific requirements
two service disconnects provided in a single motor control
center with barriers provided between each motor control
center unit or compartment containing a service disconnect to
maintain the inadvertent contact protection required in 230.62
based on access from adjacent motor control center unit(s) or
compartment(s)

Exception to (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6): Existing service equipment,
installed in compliance with previous editions of this Code that
permitted multiple service disconnecting means in a single
enclosure, section, or compartment, shall be permitted to contain a
maximum of six service disconnecting means.

Informational Note No. 1: Metering centers are addressed in See UL

67, Standard for Panelboards, for information on metering centers.
centers

Informational Note No. 2: Examples of separate enclosures with a

main service disconnecting means in each enclosure include but are
not limited to motor control centers, fused disconnects, and circuit
breaker enclosures. and transfer switches that are suitable for use as
service equipment.

Informational Note No. 3: Transfer switches may have one service

disconnect or multiple service disconnects in separate compartments.

Related NEC Sections

• 230.62(C)

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32 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Other Significant Changes
230.71(B) Two to Six Service Disconnecting Means
230.71 Maximum Number of Disconnects
Part VI Service Equipment - Disconnecting Means
Article 230 Services
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Alternate

Benefits of Two to Normal Source

Source G
Six Disconnects One Service
Disconnect GFPE
Two to six service disconnecting
means is still a design option if the Disconnect & Overcurrent Protec�ve Device
installation complies with 230.71(B).
Emergency System
1
• Two to six service Transfer Switch

disconnects may avoid the 2

Legally Required Standby System Transfer
N E N E Switch
cost of one large ampere
N E

3 2 1
rated service disconnect. 3 Op�onal Standby System Transfer Switch

• Two to six lower ampere

Op�onal
rated service disconnects Standby
Legally
Required
Emergency
Loads
may help reduce arc flash Loads Standby
Loads
incident energy verses one 1
large ampere rated service Figure 1 Normal source service at 480/277 V and service disconnect 1000 A or greater having GFPE per
disconnect. Using multiple, 230.95.
lower ampere rated service
Alternate
disconnects may also avoid Source
Normal
requirements for arc energy Source G
reduction technologies
required for fuses and circuit Three Service
Disconnects GFPE
breakers rated 1200A or
higher in articles 240.67 and
Disconnect & Overcurrent Protec�ve Device
240.87.
• Two to six service Emergency System
1
disconnects may avoid using Transfer Switch

ground fault protection 2

Legally Required Standby System Transfer
N E N E N E Switch
of equipment (GFPE) as
3 2 1 Op�onal Standby System Transfer Switch
required per 230.95. 3

• Two to six service

Op�onal Legally
disconnects may avoid using Standby Required
Emergency
Loads
Loads
ground fault protection of Standby
Loads
equipment (GFPE) on the
2

Figure 2 If the normal source disconnects to the emergency system and legally required standby system
normal supply path for
are less than 1000 A, the 230.71(B) two to six service disconnect rule permits this configuration with
emergency systems, legally
GFPE. (480/277 V system)
required standby systems,
or other portions of the
Alternate
system. 700.31 and 701.31 Normal Source
allow not using GFPE, if Source G
otherwise required in the
NEC, for the alternate source Five Service
Disconnects
of emergency systems and
legally required standby
Disconnect & Overcurrent Protec�ve Device
systems, respectively. For
larger normal systems, the
Emergency System
two to six service disconnect 1
Transfer Switch
rule may be used for normal Legally Required Standby System Transfer
2
source supply to emergency N E N E N E Switch
systems and legally required 3 2 1
3 Op�onal Standby System Transfer Switch
standby systems, if the
service disconnect can be Op�onal Legally Emergency
kept less than 1000A. See Standby Required Loads
Loads
Figure 1, 2 and 3. Standby
Loads
3

Figure 3 If the normal source disconnects to the emergency system and legally required standby system
are less than 1000 A, as well as the other normal source disconnects, the 230.71(B) two to six service
disconnect rule permits this configuration without GFPE (480/277 V system).

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Other Significant Changes
240.4(D)(1) & (2) Small Conductors
240.4 Protection of Conductors
Part I. General
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
240.4(D) Small Conductors.

Unless specifically permitted

in 240.4(E) or (G), the overcurrent
protection shall not exceed that
required by 240.4(D)(1) through (D)
(8) after any correction factors for
ambient temperature and number
of conductors have been applied.

240.4(D)(1) 18 AWG Copper.

7 amperes, provided all the

following conditions are met:
1. Continuous loads do not
exceed 5.6 amperes. Significance of Change
2. Overcurrent protection
is provided by one of the 240.4(D)(1)(2)(c) and 240.4(D)(2)(2)(c) now offer the option to include Class CF fuses. These fuses offer the
same level of protection as Class J fuses and have equivalent let-through values. The inclusion of Class
following:
CF fuses in the NEC is also in alignment with product standards, such as UL 508A Standard for Safety for
a. Branch-circuit-rated
Industrial Control Panels, which permits their use for 16 AWG or 18 AWG copper conductors in industrial
circuit breakers listed
control panels for industrial machinery in accordance with NFPA 79, Electrical Standard for Industrial
and marked for use with
Machinery.
18 AWG copper wire
conductor
b. Branch-circuit-rated fuses Change Summary
listed and marked for
use with 18 AWG copper • Class CF fuses were added as an acceptable overcurrent protective device for protection of 18
wire conductor AWG and 16 AWG conductors
c. Class CC, Class CF,
CF, Class J,
or Class T fuses

240.4(D)(1) 16 AWG Copper.

10 amperes, provided all the

following conditions are met:

3. Continuous loads do not

exceed 8 amperes.
4. Overcurrent protection
is provided by one of the
following:
a. Branch-circuit-rated
circuit breakers listed
and marked for use with
16 AWG copper wire
conductor
b. Branch-circuit-rated fuses
listed and marked for
use with 16 AWG copper
wire conductor
c. Class CC, Class CF,
CF, Class J,
or Class T fuses

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34 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Other Significant Changes
240.6(A) Fuses and Fixed-Trip Circuit Breakers
240.6 Standard Ampere Ratings
Part I. General
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Table 240.6(A) standard ampere ratings for fuses and inverse time circuit
Revised text breakers
Standard Ampere Ratings
240.6(A) Fuses and Fixed-Trip 10 15 20 25 30
Circuit Breakers. 35 40 45 50 60
70 80 90 100 110
The standard ampere ratings for
fuses and inverse time circuit 125 150 175 200 225
breakers shall be considered as 250 300 350 400 450
shown in Table 240.6(A). Additional
500 600 700 800 1000
standard ampere ratings for fuses
shall be 1, 3, 6, 10
10, and 601. The 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000
use of fuses and inverse time circuit 4000 5000 6000 — —
breakers with nonstandard ampere
ratings shall be permitted.
Significance of Change

Prior to the 2023 NEC the smallest standard rating for a circuit breaker was 15 amps. A new standard
rating of 10 amps was added to table 240.6(A) for inverse time circuit breakers. Now both fuses and
Related NEC Sections circuit breakers have a standard ampere rating of 10A. Fuses have additional standard ampere ratings of
1, 3, 6 and 601 that are not standard rating for circuit breakers.
• 210.23(A)
• 210.24 Change Summary

• Added 10 amp rating as a standard ampere rating for inverse time circuit breakers

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Other Significant Changes
240.7 Listing Requirements
Part I. General
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
240.7 Listing
Requirements.

The following shall be listed:

1. Branch-circuit overcurrent
protective devices
2. Relays and circuit breakers
providing ground-fault
protection of equipment
3. Ground-fault circuit
interrupter devices

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions for
Branch-Circuit Overcurrent
Protective Device

Significance of Change
Branch-circuit overcurrent protective devices provide protection of service, feeder, and branch circuits and equipment over the full range of
overcurrents between its rated current and its interrupting rating. This change requires these devices, such as circuit breakers and fuses, to be listed.
This revision assures that circuit breakers, such as supplemental protectors, which are UL recognized, are not suitable as a branch circuit overcurrent
protective device. For fuses, this revision reinforces that listed plug fuses and Class fuses are suitable as a branch circuit protective device.

Change Summary
• Branch-circuit overcurrent protective devices (typically fuses or circuit-breakers), relays and circuit breakers providing GFPE, and GFCI devices
are now required to be listed

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36 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Other Significant Changes
240.60(E) Fuse Reducers
240.60 General
Part VI. Cartridge Fuses and Fuse holders
Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection

Added text
240.60(E) Fuse Reducers.

Fuse reducers shall be listed.

Related NEC Sections

• 240.7

Significance of Change
Fuse reducers are commonly used in temporary and permanent applications. Fuse reducers are used to increase the length of the fuse in order to
allow insertion of a lower ampere rated fuse into a higher ampere rated fuse holder or fuse switch. Class fuses and fuse holders come in case sizes
such as 30, 60, 100, 200, 400 and 600 amperes. For example, a 30 ampere Class R fuse can be installed in a 60A or higher ampere rated Class R fuse
holder by using the proper fuse reducer. By requiring the fuse reducers to be listed, this assures that this application is suitable and will not result in
an unsafe installation.

Change Summary
• Fuse reducers are now required to be listed

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Other Significant Changes
430.6(A) General Motor Applications
430.6 Ampacity and Motor Rating Determination
Part I. General
Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use

Revised text 2. Motor controllers

3. Short-circuit and ground-fault protective devices
430.6(A) General Motor Applications. 4. Separate overload protective devices
For general motor applications, current ratings shall be determined
based on 430.6(A)(1) and (A)(2).
430.6(A)(2) Nameplate Values.
430.6(A)(1) Table Values. Separate motor overload protection shall be based on the The
Other than for motors built for low speeds (less than 1200 RPM) or motor nameplate current ratings shall be used to determine the
high torques, and for multi-speed motors, the values given in Table values for the following:
430.247, Table 430.248, Table 430.249, and Table 430.250 shall
be used instead of the actual current rating marked on the motor 1. Separate motor overload protection
nameplate to determine the following:
following the ampacity of conductors or
ampere ratings of switches, branch-circuit short-circuit and ground- 2. For motors built for low speeds (less than 1200 RPM),
fault protection, instead of the actual current rating marked on the high torques, canned pumps, or multispeed motors, the
motor nameplate: following:
c. Ampacity of conductors
1. Ampacity of conductors d. Current ratings of switches
2. Current ratings of switches e. Current ratings of branch-circuit short-circuit and
3. Current ratings of branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault ground-fault protection
protection 3. Large motors exceeding the values in Part XIV shall use the
nameplate current rating for conductor sizing.
Where a motor is marked in amperes, but not horsepower, the
horsepower rating shall be assumed to be that corresponding to the
value given in Table 430.247, Table 430.248, Table 430.249, and Table
430.250, interpolated if necessary. Motors built for low speeds (less
than 1200 RPM) or high torques may have higher full-load currents,
and multispeed motors will have full-load current varying with speed, Related NEC Sections
in which case the nameplate current ratings shall be used.
• 430.32
Exception No. 1: Multispeed motors shall be in accordance
with 430.22(B) and 430.52. • 430.52

Exception No. 2: For equipment that employs a shaded-pole

or permanent-split capacitor-type fan or blower motor that is Significance of Change
marked with the motor type and the marking on the equipment
nameplate is not less than the current marked on the fan or The requirements in sections 430.6(A)(1) and 430.6(A)(2) have
blower motor nameplate, the full-load current marked on the not changed, but the information has been reorganized into a list
nameplate of the equipment in which the fan or blower motor is format. There was often confusion about whether the motor full-
employed appliance shall be used instead of the horsepower rating load current from the tables should be used to size motor circuit
to determine the ampacity or rating of the disconnecting means, components or if the motor full-load current marked on the
the of branch-circuit conductors, the controller, the branch-circuit nameplate should be used so it was also rearranged for clarity.
short-circuit and ground-fault protection, and the separate overload
protection. This marking on the equipment nameplate shall not For typical motor applications the full-load current from the
be less than the current marked on the fan or blower motor motor tables is used to size the conductors, switches and
nameplate. determine the ampacity of branch-circuit conductors branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective devices
in addition to the current ratings of the following: in addition to the and the full-load current from the name plate is used to size the
current ratings of the following: motor overload protection. There are some notable exceptions
such as low speed motors, high torque motors, multispeed
1. Disconnecting means motors, and large motors exceeding the values in the tables.
2. Motor controllers
3. Short-circuit and ground-fault protective devices
4. Separate overload protective devices
Change Summary
Exception No. 3: For a listed motor-operated appliance that is • The information is reorganized into a list format and
marked with both motor horsepower and full-load current, the added clarity to when the full-load current from Tables
motor full-load current marked on the nameplate of the appliance 240.247, 240.248, 240.249, and 248.250 is used versus
shall be used instead of the horsepower rating on the appliance when the full-load current from the motor nameplate is
nameplate to determine the ampacity or rating of the disconnecting used when sizing motor circuit components.
means, the of branch-circuit conductors, the controller, the branch-
circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection, and any separate
overload protection. in addition to the current ratings of the
following:
1. Disconnecting means
Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
38 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Other Significant Changes
430.6(A) General Motor Applications
430.6 Ampacity and Motor Rating Determination
Part I. General
Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use

AC Induction Motor Nameplate- marked nameplate current ratings used to determine values for
separate overload protection. It is also used in place of the tables for motors built for low speeds, high
torques, canned pumps or multi-speed motors, and large motors exceeding the table values.

Table 430.250 Full-Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating-Current

Motors
The following values of full-load currents are typical for motors running at
speeds usual for belted motors with normal torque characteristics. The
voltages listed are rated motor voltages. The currents listed shall be permitted
for system voltage ranges of 110 to 120, 220 to 240, 440 to 480, 550 to 600,
and 2300 to 2400 volts.

Percentage of Full-Load Synchronous-Type Unity Power Factor*

Current (Amperes)
115 200 208 230 460 575 2300 230 460 575 2300
Horsepower Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Horsepower Volts Volts Volts Volts
1/2 4.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.1 0.9 — 1/2 — — — —
3/4 6.4 3.7 3.5 3.2 1.6 1.3 — 3/4 — — — —
1 8.4 4.8 4.6 4.2 2.1 1.7 — 1 — — — —
1 1/2 12.0 6.9 6.6 6.0 3.0 2.4 — 1 1/2 — — — —
2 13.6 7.8 7.5 6.8 3.4 2.7 — 2 — — — —
3 — 11.0 10.6 9.6 4.8 3.9 — 3 — — — —
5 — 17.5 16.7 15.2 7.6 6.1 — 5 — — — —
7 1/2 — 25.3 24.2 22 11 9 — 7 1/2 — — — —
10 — 32.2 30.8 28 14 11 — 10 — — — —
15 — 48.3 46.2 42 21 17 — 15 — — — —
20 — 62.1 59.4 54 27 22 — 20 — — — —
25 — 78.2 74.8 68 34 27 — 25 53 26 21 —
30 — 92 88 80 40 32 — 30 63 32 26 —
40 — 120 114 104 52 41 — 40 83 41 33 —

Table values used to determine ampacity of conductors, current rating of switches, and current ratings of
branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection.

* Note the difference between the ampere rating listed in fuse sizing and what is listed on the label.

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org. 39
Other Significant Changes
430.52 Rating or Setting for Individual Motor Circuit
Part IV. Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection
Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use

Revised text
Table 430.52(C)(1) Maximum Rating or Setting of Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protective Devices

Percentage of Full-Load Current

Dual Element (Time- Instantaneous Trip Inverse Time
Type of Motor Nontime Delay Fuse1 Delay) Fuse1 Breaker Breaker2
Single-phase motors 300 175 800 250
AC polyphase motors other than
300 175 800 250
wound-rotor
Squirrel cage — other than Design B
energy-efficient and Design B premium 300 175 800 250
efficiency.
Design B energy-efficient and Design B 300 175 1100 250
premium efficiency.
Synchronous 3
300 175 800 250
Wound-rotor 150 150 800 150
DC (constant voltage) 150 150 250 150
Note: For See 430.54 for certain exceptions to the values specified, see 430.54.

The values in the Nontime Delay Fuse column apply to time-delay Class CC fuses.
1

2
The values given in the last column also cover the ratings of nonadjustable inverse time types of circuit breakers that may can be modified as in
430.52(C)(1), Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 430.52(C)(1)(a) and (C)(1)(b).

3
Synchronous motors of the low-torque, low-speed type (usually 450 rpm or lower), such as are those used to drive reciprocating compressors,
pumps, and so forth, that start unloaded, do not require a fuse rating or circuit-breaker setting in excess of 200 percent of full-load current.

Related NEC Sections

• 430.6

Significance of Change
The requirements in 430.52(C) have not significantly changed, but they have undergone an extensive reorganization in an effort to improve clarity and
usability. In 430.52(C)(1) Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 have been re-written as rules rather than exceptions in compliance with the NEC Style Manual.
Section 430.52(C)(3) has been re-organized to part (a) covering application requirement and part (b) covering settings and the two exceptions have
been re-written as rules.

Design B premium efficiency motors have largely replaced Design B energy-efficient motors so they have been added to the requirements in Table
430.52(C)(1) and throughout 430.52(C).

Change Summary
• Design B premium efficiency motors were added and treated the same as Design B energy-efficient motors
• Several requirements were re-written as rules rather than exceptions

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
40 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Other Significant Changes
440.11 General
Part II. Disconnecting Means
Article 440 Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating
Equipment
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use

Revised text
440.11 General.

Part II is intended to require

Disconnecting means shall be capable
of disconnecting air-conditioning and
refrigerating equipment, including
motor-compressors and controllers
from the circuit conductors. If the
disconnecting means is readily
accessible to unqualified persons, any
enclosure door or hinged cover of a
disconnecting means enclosure that
exposes energized parts when open
shall require a tool to open or be
capable of being locked. Non-fused disconnect with GFCI
receptacle. Fused disconnect

Non-fused disconnect

Significance of Change
Disconnecting means for residential and some commercial air-conditioning units are often located where they are accessible by unqualified persons.
The language was added to ensure that if there are any exposed energized parts when the door or cover is opened, then a tool is required to open the
enclosure or the enclosure is capable of being locked.

Change Summary
• Added requirement to require a tool to open the disconnecting means or that the disconnecting means is capable of being locked if there are
exposed energized parts when open.

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org. 41
Other Significant Changes
440.22(A) Rating or Setting
440.22(A) Rating or Setting for Individual Motor-Compressor

Revised text
440.22 (A) Rating or Setting for
Individual Motor-Compressor.

The motor-compressor branch-

circuit short-circuit and ground-
fault protective device shall be
capable of carrying the starting
current of the motor. A protective
device having a rating or setting
not exceeding 175 percent of the
motor-compressor rated-load
current or branch-circuit selection
current, whichever is greater, shall
be permitted, provided that, where
the protection specified is not
sufficient for the starting current of
the motor, the rating or setting shall
be permitted to be increased but
shall not exceed 225 percent of the
motor rated-load current or branch-
circuit selection current, whichever
is greater.

Exception No. 1: If the values Significance of Change

for branch-circuit short-circuit
and ground-fault protection in The language of 440.22(A) has been reorganized and two exceptions have been added. Exception No.
accordance with 440.22(A) do 1 allows you round up to the next standard size branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective
not correspond to the standard device if the 175% calculation does not correspond to a standard rating or setting. Exception No. 2 permits
sizes or ratings of fuses, that if the branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective device based on the 175% calculation
nonadjustable circuit breakers, does not allow the motor to start, you are allowed to increase the rating up to, but not exceeding 225% of
thermal protective devices, or the rated-load current or branch-circuit selection current, whichever is greater.
available settings of adjustable
circuit breakers, a higher size,
rating, or available setting that Change Summary
does not exceed the next higher
standard ampere rating shall
• Reorganized the requirement as a rule with two added exceptions and clarifies that if the 175%
be permitted.
calculation does not correspond to a standard rating you are allowed to round up to the next hire
Exception No. 2: If the values standard rating.
for branch-circuit short-circuit
and ground-fault protection in Related NEC Sections
accordance with 440.22(A) or
the rating modified by
Exception No. 1 is not sufficient • 430.52 (C)
for the starting current of the
motor, the rating or setting
shall be permitted to be
increased but shall not exceed
225 percent of the motor rated-
load current or branch-circuit
selection current, whichever is
greater.

Exception No. 3: The rating of

the branch-circuit short-circuit
and ground-fault protective
device shall not be required to
be less than 15 amperes.

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
42 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
 Other Significant Changes
700.3(F) Temporary Source of Power for Maintenance or Repair of the Alternate Source of Power
700.3 Test and Maintenance
Part I. General
Article 700 Emergency Systems
Chapter 7 Special Conditions

Revised text
700.3(F) Temporary Source of Power for Maintenance or Repair of the
Alternate Source of Power.

If the emergency system relies on a single alternate source of power, which

will be disabled for maintenance or repair, the emergency system shall
include permanent switching means to connect a portable or temporary
alternate source of power, which that shall be available for the duration
of the maintenance or repair. The permanent switching means to connect
a portable or temporary alternate source of power shall comply with the
following:

1. Connection to the portable or temporary alternate source of power

shall not require modification of the permanent system wiring.
2. Transfer of power between the normal power source and the
Informational Note Figure 700.3(F)
emergency power source shall be in accordance with 700.12.
3. The connection point for the portable or temporary alternate
source shall be marked with the phase rotation and system bonding
Significance of Change
requirements.
Maintenance of the alternate source of power supplying the
4. Mechanical or electrical interlocking shallThe
shallThe switching means,
emergency system is a very important consideration and required
including the interlocks, shall be listed and provided with mechanical per manufacturer instructions per 700.3(C). This requirement
or mechanical and electrical interlocking to prevent inadvertent applies where a single alternate source of power supplies the
interconnection of power sources. emergency system. The switching means is permitted to be
5. The switching means shall include a contact point that shall automatic or manual. The revision now requires the switching
annunciate at a location remote from the generator or at another means and mechanical or mechanical and electrical interlocks to be
facility monitoring system to indicate that the permanent emergency listed and prevent inadvertent interconnection of power. A new list
source is disconnected from the emergency system. item (6) requires a permanent connection point located outdoors
without cables from the connection point to the temporary
6. The permanent connection point for the temporary generator shall
generator. New list item (7) requires a permanent label to be field
be located outdoors and shall not have cables from the connection
applied at the permanent connection point which includes the
point to the temporary generator routed through exterior windows, system voltage, maximum amperage, the short-circuit current
doors, or similar openings. rating of the load side equipment, and ungrounded conductor
7. A permanent label shall be field applied at the permanent identification. The permanent switching means is not required
connection point to identify the system voltage, maximum amperage, where one or more of the conditions in the exception exist.
short-circuit current rating of the load side of equipment supplied,
and ungrounded conductor identification in accordance with 210.5.
Change Summary
It shall be permissible to utilize
utilizeuse
use manual switching to switch from the
permanent source of power to the portable or temporary alternate source
• Switching means including the mechanical and electrical
of power and to utilize use the switching means for connection of a load
interlocks shall be listed.
bank.
• A permanent connection point for the temporary generator
Informational Note: There areSee
areSee Informational Note Figure 700.3(F) for shall be located outside and shall not have cables routed
one example of many possible methods to achieve the requirements of from the from the connection point to the temporary
700.3(F). See Informational Note Figure 700.3(F) for one example. generator through exterior windows, doors or similar
openings.
Exception: The permanent switching means to connect a portable or temporary
• A permanent label is required to be field applied at the
alternate source of power, for the duration of the maintenance or repair, shall
permanent connection point and identify the system
not be required where any of the following conditions exists:
voltage, maximum amperage, short-circuit current ratings
of load side equipment, and identification of ungrounded
1. All processes that rely on the emergency system source are capable of
conductors.
being disabled during maintenance or repair of the emergency source of
power. • A permanent switching means is not required where one or
2. The building or structure is unoccupied and fire protection systems are more of the four conditions in the exception exist.
fully functional and do not require an alternate power source.
3. Other temporary means can be substituted for the emergency system.
Related NEC Sections
4. A permanent alternate emergency source, such as, but not limited to,
a second on-site standby generator or separate electric utility service • 700.3 (C)
connection, capable of supporting the emergency system, exists.

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org. 43
Other Significant Changes
700.5(D) Redundant Transfer Switches
700.5 Transfer Equipment
Part I. General
Article 700 Emergency Systems
Chapter 7 Special Conditions

Revised text Significance of Change

700.5(D) Redundant Transfer Maintenance of the automatic transfer switch supplying the
Equipment. emergency system is a very important consideration and required
per manufacturer instructions per 700.3(C). The new requirement
If emergency loads are supplied applies where emergency loads are supplied by a single feeder,
by a single feeder, the emergency which is typical for most emergency systems. Utilizing redundant
power system shall include transfer equipment or a bypass isolation transfer switch can allow
redundant transfer equipment the maintenance of the automatic transfer switch while in bypass
or a bypass isolation transfer mode. If the redundant transfer equipment or bypass isolation
switch to facilitate maintenance transfer switch is non-automatic, then it is required to be actively
as required in 700.3(C) without supervised by a qualified person during maintenance.
jeopardizing continuity of power. If
the redundant transfer equipment There are four exceptions where redundancy with the transfer
or bypass isolation transfer switch equipment is not required, similar to the exceptions in 700.3(F).
is manual (or non-automatic), then
it shall be actively supervised by a
qualified person when the primary
(automatic) transfer equipment is
disabled for maintenance or repair.

Exception: The requirement for

redundancy with the transfer Change Summary
equipment shall not apply
where any of the following • Redundant transfer equipment or bypass isolation transfer switch is required where emergency
conditions exist: loads are supplied from a single feeder.
• If the redundant transfer equipment or bypass isolation transfer switch is non-automatic, it is
1. All processes that rely on the
required to be actively supervised by a qualified person during maintenance.
emergency system source are
capable of being disabled • Redundant transfer equipment or bypass isolation transfer switch is not required where one or
during maintenance or repair more of the four conditions in the exception exist.
activities without jeopardizing
the safety to human life.
2. The building or structure
is unoccupied and fire
protection systems are fully
functional and do not require
an alternate power source.
3. Other temporary means shall
be permitted to be substituted
for the emergency system.
4. A written emergency plan
that includes mitigation
actions and responsibilities
for qualified persons to
address the recognized site
hazards for the duration
of the maintenance or
repair activities shall be
developed and implemented.
The emergency plan shall
be made available to the
authority having jurisdiction.

Related NEC Sections

• Article 100 Definitions, Bypass
Isolation Transfer Switch
• 700.3 (C)

Reproduced with permission of NFPA from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2023 edition. Copyright©
44 2022, National Fire Protection Association. For a full copy of the NFPA 70®, please go to www.nfpa.org.
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