Share FIELD-STUDY-1-EPISODE-35pdf
Share FIELD-STUDY-1-EPISODE-35pdf
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Episode 3 provides an opportunity to observe how differences in gender, racial, cultural, and
religious backgrounds, including coming from Indigenous groups influence learner behavior, interaction, and
performance in school. One will also analyze and reflect on practices that teachers use in leveraging diversity
in the classroom. It also provides an opportunity to observe how differences in abilities affect interaction in
school and learn about strategies that teachers use in addressing the learners’ needs toward effective
teaching and learning.
1. Principles of Development
a. Development and learning proceed at varying rates from a child, as well as at uneven rates
across different areas of the child’s functioning. (NAEYC 2019)
b. Development and learning are maximized when learners are challenged to achieve at a level
just above their current level of mastery, and also when they have many opportunities to
practice newly acquired skills.
c. Differentiated instruction is a student-centered approach that aims to match the learning
content, activities, and assessment to the different characteristics, abilities, interests, and
needs of the learners.
2. The PPST highlighted the following factors that bring about the diversity of learners:
a. Differences in learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests, and experiences
b. Learners’ linguistic, cultural, socio-economic, and religious backgrounds
Effective teachers are knowledgeable about how issues related to the factors mentioned affect
learners. The teachers develop in their sensitivity and empathy. They remember that the learners respond
and perform at different levels. The teacher assures the students that their gender identity, culture, and
religion are respected, their strengths are recognized, and their needs will be met. These teachers
declare to all that everyone has the chance to learn and succeed. They create a learning community where
everyone can work together and contribute regardless of their abilities, capacities, and circumstances.
A young teachers approach to indigenous people starts with a keen awareness of one’s own identity, including
one’s beliefs and cultural practices. Through serious reflection, one may realize that the self is the product of all the
influences. Of key people in one’s life and the community, real and virtual. Similarly, learners from Indigenous groups
carry with them their beliefs. Views and cultural practices. One’s attitude needs to be that of openness and respect.
Come in not with the view that one’s own culture is superior, we approach with a sincere willingness and deep interest to
know and understand the indigenous peoples’ culture. We aim to make teaching-learning facilitative rather than
imposing.
a. From your professional education subjects/courses, most likely you have discussed indigenous
peoples in the Philippines. You learned that our country has about 110 ethnolinguistic groups,
the majority of which are in Mindanao, some in Northern Luzon, and fewer in the Visayas. (UNDP
Philippines, 2010). They represent about 10-20% of our total population. There are two big Indigenous
people’s groups which have several smaller ethnic groups within them, the non-Muslim group called
the Lumads in Mindanao, and the Igorot’s in Northern Luzon. Among others, we have the
Badjaos, Ati and Tumandok, Mangyans, and Aetas.
b. Republic Act 8371 (1997), the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, recognizes and protects the rights of
indigenous cultural communities (ICC) and indigenous peoples (IP). Our country was admired by
other nations for enacting this law. However, years later, so much still has to be done to improve the
lives of millions of people from indigenous groups. (Reyes, Mina and Asis,2017)
c. Guided by RA 8371, in 2015 DepEd issued DO 32, s.2015, adopting the Indigenous Peoples
Education (IPED) Curriculum Framework. Most useful for you as a future teacher to
remember are the 5 Key Elements of an Indigenous Peoples EducationCurriculum (DO 32,
s. 2015 enclosure, pp.15-18):
1. CURRICULUM DESIGN, COMPETENCIES AND CONTENT. Interfacing the national curriculum with
Indigenous Knowledge systems and practices (IKSPs) and Indigenous Learning Systems (ILS) the design of a
culturally appropriate and responsive curriculum has the following features:
a. Anchors the learning context on the ancestral domain, the community’s worldview, and its
indigenous cultural institutions.
b. Includes and respects the community’s expression of spirituality as part of the curriculumcontext.
3. LEARNING SPACE AND ENVIRONMENT. A culturally appropriate and responsive curriculum recognizes that
the ancestral domain where IKSPs are experienced, lived, and learned is the primary learning environment and
learning space of Indigenous learners.
4. LEARNING RESOURCES. Instructional materials and other learning resources shall be developed and utilized in
line with the described curriculum content and teaching-learning processes
5. CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT. Assessment shall be done utilizing tools appropriate to the standards,
competencies, skills, and concepts being covered. Their design and use shall address the needs and concerns of the
community and shall be developed with their participation.
The learners’ differences and the type of interaction they bring surely affect the
quality of teaching and learning. This activity is about observing and gathering data to
find out how student diversity affects learning.
To realize the Intended Learning Outcomes, work your way through these steps:
Step 1. Observe a class in different parts of a school day. (beginning of the day, class
time, recess, etc.)
Step 2. Describe the characteristics of the learners in terms of age, gender, and social
and cultural diversity.
Step 3. Describe the interaction that transpires inside and outside the classroom.
Step 4. Interview your Resource Teacher about the principles and practices that she uses
in dealing with diversity in the classroom.
Step 5. Analyze the impact of individual differences on learners’ interactions
OBSERVE
Read the following carefully before you begin to observe. Then write your observation report in the
space provided on the next page.
1. Find out the number of students. Gather data as to their ages, genders, racial groups, religious, and
ethnic backgrounds.
DURING CLASS:
1. How much interaction is there in the classroom? Describe how the students interact with one
another and with the teacher. Are there groups that interact more with the teacher than others?
2. Observe the learners seated at the back and the front part of the room. Do they behave and
interact differently?
3. Describe the relationship among the learners. Do the learners cooperate with or compete
against each other?
4. Who among the students participates actively? Who among them asks for the most help?
5. When a student is called and cannot answer the teacher’s question, do the classmates try to
help him? Or do they raise their hands, so that the teacher will call them instead?
OUTSIDE CLASS:
1. How do the students group themselves outside the class? Homogenously, by age? by gender?
by racial or ethnic groups? By their interests? Or are the students in mixed social groupings? If
so, describe the groupings.
2. Notice students who are alone and those who are not interacting. Describe their behavior.
Interview the teachers and ask about their experience with learners in difficult
circumstances. Request them to describe these circumstances and how it has affected the
learners. Ask about the strategies they use to help these cope.
Ask the teachers about strategies they apply to address the needs of diverse students due to the
following factors:
• Gender, including LGBT
• Language and cultural differences
• Differences in religion
• Socio-economic status
OBSERVATION REPORT
ANALYZE
1. Identify the person who plays key roles in the relationships and interactions in the classrooms. What roles
do they play? Is there somebody who appears to be the leader, a mascot/joker, an attention seeker, a little
teacher, or a doubter/pessimist?
What makes the learners assume these roles? What factors affect their behavior?
2. Is there anyone you observed who appears left out? Are students who appear “different?” Why do they
appear different? Are they accepted or rejected by the others? How is this shown?
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3. How does the teacher influence that class interaction considering the individual differences of the students?
4. What strategies does the teacher use to maximize the benefits of diversity in the classroom? How does
the teacher leverage diversity?
REFLECT
HOW DID YOU FEEL BEING IN THAT CLASSROOM? DID YOU FEEL A SENSE OF ONENESS
OR UNITY AMONG THE LEARNERS AND BETWEEN THE TEACHER AND THE LEARNERS?
To realize the Intended Learning Outcomes, work your way through these steps:
1. Observe at least two of these classes.
a. SPED Class with learners with intellectual disabilities
b. SPED Class with learners with physical disabilities
c. SPED Class for the gifted and talented
d. a regular class with inclusion of learners
2. Note the needs of the learners that the teacher should address.
OBSERVE
Use the observation guide provided for you to document your observations.
Read the following carefully before you begin to observe. Then write your observation report in the
space provided.
1. Observe the class to see the differences in the abilities of the learners.
2. Try to identify the students who seem to be performing well and those who seem to be behind.
3. Validate your observations by asking the teacher about the background and needs of the
learners.
4. Observe the behavior of both regular students and those with special needs. Note their
dispositions, pace in accomplishing tasks, interaction with the teacher, and interaction with
others.
5. Observe the teacher’s method in addressing the individual learning needs of the students in
his/her class.
OBSERVATION REPORT
ANALYZE
2. Describe the differences in ability levels of the students in the class. What practices or strategies are done
or should be done to differentiate instruction to meet the needs of the learners?
3. Describe the methods used by the teacher in handling the students’ differences in abilities. How did
students respond to the teacher? Did the teacher use differentiated instruction? If yes, describe how.
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REFLECT
1. Recall the time when you were in elementary or high school. Recall the high and low achievers in your
class. How did your teacher deal with differences in abilities? Was your teacher effective?
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2. What dispositions and traits will you need as a future teacher to meet the needs of the learners?
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To realize the Intended Learning Outcomes, work your way through these steps. Observe at least two of
these classes.
1. Ensure that you have reviewed the no. 3 Focused on Indigenous Peoples in the Learning Essentials
of Episode 3.
2. Observe in a school with a program for IP learners. Below are some suggested schools.
a. Ujah School of Living Tradition, Hungduan, Ifugao
b. Sentrong Paaralan ng mga Agta, General Nakar, Quezon
c. Sitio Tarukan Primary School, Capas, Tarlac
d. Mangyan Center for Learning and Development, Naujan, Oriental Mindoro
e. Paaralang Mangyan na Angkop sa Kulturang Aalagaan (PAMANAKA), San Jose, Occidental
Mindoro
If an actual visit is not feasible, consider a “virtual visit” through social media. And if still
not feasible consider a “virtual” field study through watching Indigenous Peoples in the
Philippines videos. There are several available on YouTube. You can start with this video by
DepEd.
DepEd Indigenous Peoples Education office. National Indigenous Month (October) Video, 2013. Retrieve from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsMjgONz2Y
4. Analyze your observation data using the Indigenous Peoples Education Framework
OBSERVE
Use the observation guide provided for you to document your observations
Read the following carefully before you begin to observe. Then write
your observation report in the space provided.
1. Before you observe, read about the specific IP group in the school you will visit. Know
their norms and customary greetings. This will help you blend in with the school
community and interact with respect.
2. Observe and note the different areas of the school environment. How are learning
spaces arranged?
3. What activities do they do in these different areas of the school?
4. Who are the people who manage the school? Who is involved in teaching the learners?
5. Observe how the teaching-learning process happens. Describe the learning activities
that have and the teaching strategies that the teacher uses.
6. Describe the interaction that is taking place between the teacher and the learners,
among the teachers, and in the school in general.
7. What instructional materials and learning resources are they using?
8. Interview the teacher or the principal about the curriculum. Find out the curriculum
goals. You can use the questions found in the Analysis part of this activity.
OBSERVATION REPORT
ANALYZE
9. Do assessment practices
consider community values
and culture? How?
What do you think can still be done to promote and uphold the indigenous
people’s knowledge systems practices and rights in schools?
REFLECT
Reflect based on your actual visit or videos that you watched.
2. What did you appreciate most from your experience in visiting the school with indigenous learners? Why?
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DIRECTIONS: Read the items given below and encircle the correct answer.
5. All are best practices in using learning resources for Indigenous learners,
EXCEPT?
A. Culturally generated learning resources only include indigenous group’s
artifacts, stories, dances, songs, and musical instruments.
B. The language used in instructional materials, especially in primary years,
which highlights the mother tongue, is consulted with the indigenous
community.
C. Cultural sensitivity and protocols are observed in the development and
use of instructional materials.
D. The Indigenous community’s property rights are upheld in publishing
learning resources.
6. All are best practices for assessment in the Indigenous Peoples Education
Framework, EXCEPT,
A. Including the practice of competencies in actual community and family
situations
B. Applying higher-order thinking skills and integrative understanding across
subject areas
C. Using international context in the assessment standards and content
faithfully without modification
D. Including community-generated assessment processes that are part of
the indigenous learning system.
Evaluate your work task: Field Study 1, Episode 3 – FOCUS ON GENDER, NEEDS, STRENGTHS, INTERESTS,
EXPERIENCES LANGUAGE, RACE, CULTURE, RELIGION, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES,
AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES.
Learning Outcomes: Describe the characteristics and needs of learners from diverse backgrounds • identify
the needs of students with different levels of abilities in the classroom • identify best practices in differentiated
teaching to suit the varying learner needs in a diverse class (PPST 3.1.1) • demonstrate openness,
understanding, and acceptance of the learners’ diverse needs and backgrounds.
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