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 Lead the Way
® SOCIAL STUDIES CONNECTION: Leadership... 8

‘|
}Book ReviEWs FoR Kins py Kips!
What’s Good to Redd? 0c 12
Lye Ais 5
OPINION ARTICLE

Wai Going Places

"Soe by Peter and Paul Reynolds « illustrated by Peter Reynol
ds
FANTASY

>On My Own
Captain Cat Keeps Her Cool... 36

Wilma Rudolph:
Against All Odds. 40
by Stephanie E. Macceca
BIOGRAPHY

>On My Own
Standing Up for Migrant Workers... 54
Great Leaderg..................... eae este bei ols;
OPINION WRITING

>On My Own
Kids for President! ..0:.000.5..ccn eee. ie.

Who Are Government’s

Leaders? .............. NCA
by Jennifer Boothroyd
INFORMATIONAL TEXT

>On My Own
Learn First! Then Votel........... ; eee oserensesseeseeessene 86

Thomas Edison and the

Light Bulb...............
by StoryBots
MEDIA: VIDEO

Let’s Wrap Uple

fs Weather Wise
Y SCIENCE CONNECTION: Weather....scssssssssssesnseeeensseeene 96

Weather Through the

SECSONSi. accu, Sue ee 100
INFORMATIONAL TEXT

Wild Weather
by Thomas Kingsley Troupe e illustrated by Jamey Christoph
NARRATIVE NONFICTION

>On My Own
North for the Winter

Cloudette
by Tom Lichtenheld
FANTASY

>On My Own
Raining Cats and Dogs... ccs 154
 Get Ready for Weather... 158
by Lucy Jones
INFORMATIONAL TEXT

>On My Own
Protect Yourself .....0....0cccccccccccccccccccccscsssseseseeeeeeeee 172

Whatever the Weather ........... 176

POETRY

>On My Own
Weather Wonders.......... Poe ae tins: pee 186

Rain Cloud in a Jar.................. Pe 16

by Sci-Tech Discovery
MEDIA: VIDEO

Let's WrapUp!t)
x cee 194
Ne | Peer alls
:‘Index of Titles and Authors... 207
“Great leaders have to think
outside the box sometimes.”
&
ial Question —
abe

qua iti es
a Re
 Big Idea
Words

Words About Leadership

Complete the Vocabulary Network to show what you know
about the words.

admire
Meaning: When you admire someone, you like and respect that person.

Synonyms and Antonyms

TRAE
IE tee Ta a
Bee tee Ck Nass
10
 inspire
Meaning: When people inspire you, they give you new ideas.

Synonyms and Antonyms

pioneer
Meaning: When you pioneer something, you are the first person to do it.

Y } Synonyms and Antonyms

 For Maps py Waps!
\ #
i

BOOK: Emmanvel Ofosu Yeboah:

What Makes a Great Leader? \
by Malikah Hansen |
CENRE: Biography e
REVIEWER: Ruthie Miller
AGE: 8
 _ My REVIEW A
a ‘ arctan?
I think this biography is terrific! It is about a
man from Ghana whose leg didn’t form properly
before he was born. Many people thought he
would have a hard life because of his leg.
He proved them wrong and became a leader!
I like this book because it shows what
happens when people believe in themselves.
For example, some people said Emmanvel
wouldn't t be able to do things like go to school
or play sports. Emmanuel had other ideas.
He hopped to and from school each day. He
learned to play soccer and how to ride a bike.
Another thing I like about the book is
that itis about a special kind of leader.
Emmanvel seT an example for others.
He changed how they think. In 2001, Ewmanvel™
e his bike across Ghana. He showed that
: rodple
ie peo with disabilities can do amazing things.

This taotiren nae you that everyone is

_ pec and can become a leader just like
, Emmanvel did. Everyone should read it!
 Guided
Practice

Prepare to Read
Fantasies are stories with made-up events that
could not really happen. As you read Going Places, look for:

° events that could not happen in real life

e how pictures and words help you understand what happens
® alesson the main character learns

e problems (conflicts) and solutions (resolutions) POWER WORDS

Ask questions before, during, and

after you read to help you get information or
understand the text. Look for evidence in the text
and pictures to answer your questions.

e y nolds ae : ;
Me e t Pa ul A. R
by Peter and Pau! Reynold
illustrated by Peter Reynolds ee ay
 Rafael had been waiting all year
long for The Going Places contest, a
chance to build a go-cart, GAGE ee
and win.

When their teacher announced,

“Who would like the first kit?”
Ratael’s hand shot UP.
 The rest of the class watched enviously
as Rafael walked back to his seat with a kit

Mrs. Chanda assured them, “Don’t WV iy

you'll all be getting OWeoie

:
re sennceteet ELEM
4
 ae
ireao
cs
malts

18
 The kit came with a set of INSTUCTIONS.
That made Rafael happy. He was very good at
following directions.

eae A ASAE N RITES LST GTS ETN DEGLI TEI EST oABSDELLENITO EEO LTA AS AN BIE I RE TRADI ta eR SR IIR STIS SEERITA EST IE NETCONF eee
 Rafael hammered, glued, nailed, ana
assembled his kit.

His go-cart looked just like the one in

the directions. He was feeling quite provd.

Rafael wondered how his classmate

Maya was Aoing. She lived right next door.
 He peered over the fence.
you haven't even started?!”

Maya didn't respond. She was

so intent on watching the bird in
a es , : 2 Front ot her, and quickly sketching ne

; that she didn't even notice Rafael.

 Then she just put down her pencil
and stared at the bird dreamily.

Ratael shrugged—and let her be.

 The next morning

Rafael checked back in to

see how Maya was Doing.

“Wow, what is that?”

he asked.

Maya grinned. OW
like it?”

Rafael responded slowly, “Yeeeaah—extremely

Coolkoun wh, Maya, there's just one little

problem. IEegy Graieapra go-cart.”

 Maya smiled. “Who said it HAD to bea go-cart?”

Rafael was confused. The set of instructions inside The

box were for a GO-CART. But then Again, they didn't Say iT
HAD to be a go-cart. He looked again at Maya's
contraption. After a moment, he grinned.

“| get it. Hey, Maya, | really want to win this race.

The instructions never said we couldn't team up either!”

-& gue f,/

sd >
 The next day everyone gathered for the big race.
Each go-cart was a perfect replica of the other.

G P
oNtest
L A C E S
Except one.

One of the kids laughed.

“Looks like you had trouble
with the Going Places
instructions. You re GOIN?
places all right—you're
GOING to lose!”

SS —E—— -*
 Maya and Rafael didn't even have time to

respond because the announcers big, boomy

voice called out,

ATTENTION RACERS!
START YOUR ENGINES!

Tieoe Saree
eee eae

A buzzer sounded.

“And they're off!”

7 ws ow OY |OO

27
 While all the other go-carts disappeared in a cloud
oh Fokus Maya just sat there in their motionless vehicle.
Rafael shouted over the roar of engines and cheering
crowds. “Maya! What are we waiting for?”

“No worries, Rafael!” Maya answered.

“Flaps down, throttle up!"
 And now THEY took of f—off into the air!

The other contestants looked up in amazement.

Maya and Rafael hovered and then sped past

them alll.
 Before long, Maya and Rafael
coasted across the finish line To the
cheers of the waiting crowd.
 They kept rolling clear acro ss the race grounds oe ?
just ee.
Maya slammed the brakes, stopping
of the lake at the edge of the school Cela.
ae

Rafael noticed a startled frog leap from a lily

pad and dive into the water. He raised his €yeDrow

and looked at Maya. She smiled.

“Rafael, are you Thinking

what I'm Thinking .. Ries

Rafael just nodded.

31
Respondto |.—
Reading {
,
ota
-

Use details from Going Places to answer these questions with

a partner.

1. Ask and Answer Questions What questions did you ask

yourself about the story before, during, and after reading?
How did your questions help you understand the story?

Why do the kids laugh when they first see Rafael and Maya's
vehicle? How do their feelings change after the race begins?

What do you think Rafael learns from this experience?

~ Talking Tip
Ask a question if you are not sure about your
partner's ideas.

Why did you say

 +e

ot
Cite Text |
‘
.

oe
*y

--\ Evidence 4
dl
5 ~ y
a

Write a Victory Speech

PROMPT What would Maya and Rafael say in a victory speech
after the race? Look for details in the words and pictures about
how they won and how it makes them feel.

PLAN First, write three details that explain why Maya and Rafael
won the race.

Maya and Rafael won because . .

 Going Places

WRITE Now use what you know about Maya and Rafael to write
their victory speech. Remember to:

e Include exciting details from the race.

e Atthe end, thank the audience for listening.

Prepare to Read
Fantasies are stories with made-up events that
could not really happen.

Preview “Captain Cat Keeps Her Cool.’ This

cat has a team to lead. You know that most stories include a
problem. What problem do you think the team will have?

Read to find out how Captain Cat leads her team

and to see if your prediction is right. If not, think about what you
know about story structure and make a new prediction.
ON ea
Captain Cat Keeps Her Cool
READ What questions can you ask yourself about Captain Cat?

At last the rain stopped. The animals had been cooped up

all day. Now they could finally go outside and play!

Close Reading Tip
“To the playing field!” Rooster and Horse yelled.
ie cae uf Is your prediction
“Wait,” Mouse squeaked. “What if the field is flooded?” right so far? If not,
make a new
“Dont be silly,’ Cow answered. “Moooooove!” prediction.

Mouse didn't move, though. Rooster, Horse, and Cow

stopped, too. Then they all looked at Captain Cat. Captain Cat

was not big and strong, but she was fair and good at solving

problems. She would know just what to do. >

37
 READ What do you learn about Captain Cat?

“Team, let’s get organized, Captain Cat began. “Cow and

Mouse, you are in charge of warm-up exercises. Horse and

Rooster, you lead the team song. I'll go check out the field.”
Close Reading Tip The animals got busy right away. When Captain Cat
Circle words you
don't know. Then
returned, they were exercising and singing happily. Captain
figure them out. If
Cat announced that the field was not flooded at all. All the
you need to, look
them upina animals cheered and ran to the field together.
dictionary.
“Are you ready to play?” yelled Captain Cat with a grin.

“Let's play ball!” the animals exclaimed with glee.

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
How is the problem in the story solved? How does the story end?

38 i aS
 Cite Text
Evidence
WRITE ABOUT IT Is Captain Cat a good leader? Why or why
not? Use details from the story in your answer.
Prepare to Read
Biographies tell about real people's lives. As you
read Wilma Rudolph: Against All Odds, notice:

e what the person did

e photos of the person
© atimeline that shows order of events

Read to find out the most

rare
important ideas in each part. Then synthesize, or eseesesoes secoveeser

relay
put together these ideas in your mind, to find out ee eeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeeseeseseseees

honored
what the text really means to you. e@eeeeeceeone ereneeoceee

success
 Little Wilma
Wilma Rudolph was born on June 23, 1940, in
Tennessee (ten-uh-SEE). She was born early. She only
weighed 4.5 pounds. She was often sick because she
was so small.

a NJ
Illinois — | Shilo |
Indiana
‘
California ue

42
Some children with polio President Franklin D. Roosevelt had
learn to walk with braces polio. He could not walk. Today
and crutches. polio is very rare. People can get
shots so they do not get polio.

rO110
At age four, Wilma was very sick. She got better. But, her
mother was still worried. Something was wrong with her left
leg and foot. The doctor said Wilma had polio (POH-lee-oh).
The doctor said Wilma would never walk. Wilma could
not walk for two years. Her brothers and sisters helped her by
exercising her left foot and leg.
Wilma wore a brace on her leg. She could not play games
and sports at school. She watched the other kids play. She
wanted to be like them.

10
 Sports
Wilma worked hard to get
stronger. By age 12, she did
not use a crutch or a brace.
Wilma was happy to play
sports. Her brothers built
a basketball hoop in their
backyard. They taught
Wilma how to play.
Wilma wanted to play
basketball in high school.
The coach wanted her sister
on the team. Wilma’s dad
said both girls had to play.
The coach agreed. Wilma
Wilma’s high school picture became a star player!
Coach Ed Temple

Ed Temple was a college track coach.

He saw Wilma play basketball. He thought
Wilma could be a track star. He let Wilma
practice with his college track team. Wilma
practiced hard. She wanted to get better. FUN FACT
At first, Wilma was not a fast runner.
Wilma scored the
Coach Temple showed her some special
most points in a
tricks to run faster.
state basketball
championship.

45
 Wilma and teammates train
for the 1960 Olympics.

Wilma’s hard work paid off. At

age 16, she made it to the Olympics
(uh-LIM-piks) for track and field.
She won the bronze medal for the
100-meter relay race.

Wilma training
for a race

46
Wilma and President John F. Kennedy Wilma in a parade

No one thought Wilma’s team would win

a medal in the 1956 Olympics. Wilma was called
Wilma was proud of her bronze medal. "The Tennessee
But she wanted to win a gold medal. Wilma Tornado” and
set goals. She worked hard for four years. "The Black Pearl.”

In 1960, Wilma went to the Olympics

again. She ran in three races. She won every
one. She was the first American woman to
win three gold medals at one Olympics!
 Wilma holding her Wilma received an award with her
college diploma hero, Jesse Owens, on the right.

A True Hero
After the 1960 Olympics, Wilma went to college. She
became a teacher and a coach. Wilma won many awards,
too. She was one of the first African American women to
be honored for being a good athlete.

48
 WILMA RUDOLPH
MP1C CHAMPION
we \Mss OF THE ALY.
| Avil DIYMPIAD
SIMMeER) 1960
ai

A display to honor Wilma is in a museum in Tennessee.

Wilma’s success gave many

women a chance to try new things. FUN FACT
Sadly, Wilma died young on In 2004, the
November 12, 1994. But her amazing United States
work will never be forgotten. Postal Service
created a stamp
to honor Wilma.

TK
Timeline

f= o
oO Fe)N ia
ae Q
ae
£ © ce :Saw =e shed 0 ci) = ae)
Co.
: (ab)
5
1) =<

_ without help from a crutch or a brace.

1956 ft ilma wins the bronze medal at the Olymp ics.

st American woman ©
ttheOlympics. .

1994 ay ilma dies at the age of 54

a Respond to .
.-\ Reading
¥

Use details from Wilma Rudolph: Against All Odds to answer these
questions with a partner.

1. Synthesize The events in Wilma’s life took place long ago.

Why is her story still important to people today?

What problems did Wilma face as a child?

Why do you think the author included a timeline on the last

page? How can you use the timeline to find and understand
information about Wilma Rudolph?

J Listening Tip
Wait until your partner has finished speaking
before asking a question or adding new
information.
 Cite Text
.-\ Evidence

Write Advice
PROMPT What advice do you think Wilma Rudolph would give
about believing in yourself? Use details from the text and
photographs to explain your ideas.

_ PLAN First, make notes about the challenges Wilma Rudolph

faced. Then make notes about her accomplishments.

Challenges Accomplishments
WRITE Now write the advice you think Wilma Rudolph would
“give about believing in yourself. Remember to:

e Include details from her life that support your ideas.

e Use words like / believe or | feel.

Prepare to Read
Biographies tell about real people’s lives.

Preview “Standing Up for Migrant Workers.”

Cesar Chavez worked hard to help others. Read the title and the
headings. What do you think he did?

Read to find out why Cesar Chavez was admired

by migrant workers.
 What was Cesar Chavez's childhood like?

Childhood Years

Cesar Chavez was born in 1927 in Arizona. In 1939, his Pe Vs

family moved to California. They became migrant farm rya’

workers. That means they moved from farm to farm to pick Number the main
| events in order.
fruits and vegetables. It was a difficult way of life. They worked §=¢#——_____“
long hours for low pay. To help his family, Chavez quit school

after the eighth grade to work on farms full-time. >

Why do you think the author includes the heading “Childhood Years”?

35
 READ How did Cesar Chavez help others?

Helping Farm Workers

Cesar Chavez wanted people to know about the farm

workers’ long hours and low pay. He also wanted laws to help
Close Reading Tip them. In the 1960s, he led many peaceful marches. The
Underline the
heading. Was your
marches brought attention to his cause.
prediction about Chavez continued to fight. After many years, his hard work
Cesar Chavez
correct? What was made a difference. Migrant workers were given better pay and
different?
hours. Chavez died in 1993. He is admired by people
everywhere because he fought for human rights.

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
Why are the events in Cesar’s life still important today?

56
 CiteText ,
Evidence 4
WRITE ABOUT IT Why do you think Cesar Chavez is an ; |
important leader to know about? Use details from the text to
explain your answer.
 Guided | Peed d
Practice / 3

Prepare to Read
Meet +

grt ct cf ¢
# é)

Opinion writing shows an author's thoughts, Ae

% %
Oe

he } GLa Ay beliefs, or ideas. When you read Great Leaders, look for: A. hes i ne

pb | e what the author's opinion is

: | e reasons that support an opinion
e ways the author tries to make the reader agree
ti vet
Fi ir Cag ae
A J

. a with him or her

Jee ta

As you read, think about the

5 author's words. Then evaluate, or decide, which
details are most important to help you understand
the text.

‘Build Background: Having Opinions a

 1
Tate

anoaead oa aaamieiaeeaoe seins

 - ABIGAIL ADAMS: 3
set es ag prior ieee SA se ln hpentetesemngtrpatenS
coeratet enedmtr coresnetates pes bathe
one
aaelllBT

_ Strong Woman, Strong Leader

has nln intel sain RL a Oe a

Abigail Adams was a strong leader. She was focused on

getting things done. I hope you will agree with me!
Abigail was the wife of our second president, John Adams.
Many women didn’t have a good education then. Abigail
couldn’t go to school when she was little because of illness.
She was very smart, though. She learned things on her own.
She studied history and politics.

60
 govewtng on

iatg UN Ad? Wh ou t at
rose Lftating ow HhonrcatAk gondteot !

Wek Lem Vet ie sie ; : F

wd S Bedeey jah ah. /
1s ff, ee
A Lieder eeenscraeregnste IAI ETN LS
SATE AORN SAP OTROS IEE RES

When John was away, Abigail took

care of her normal chores. She did
John’s chores, too! She even bought and
sold land. Back then, only men did those
types of jobs.
Abigail felt strongly about women’s
rights. As the United States was
forming, she wrote a letter to John. She
wanted him to tell the men to
“remember the ladies.” She felt women
should help make the laws if they had to
follow them.

Statue of Abigail Adams

and her son

61
 She also wanted girls to be able to
go to public school like the boys. She
and John often spoke about these
things. He had respect for her ideas.
Sometimes he would take her advice
when making decisions. Because |
of this, some people called her
“Mrs. President.”

es
ibaa
were?

Bren

Boys and girls go to school

together today.
 As you can see, Abigail Adams
did things that were unusual for
women in her time. She helped
her husband make decisions for
the country. She talked about rights
for women. She did jobs around the
house that were usually done by
men. Because of these reasons, I
think Abigail Adams was a great
example of a leader!

Statue of Abigail Adams

in Boston

63
 PETA aeie| oats
MURAD isi

%
Sse
i
anit gly phate
8 Spy amon
iP mrnndanct cen
an
:
atte
a

I think W. E. B. Du Bois was an important leader

in our country. He worked to change what he did not
like. He wanted to help others, and he did. He also
earned the respect of people around the world.
W. E. B. Du Bois

64
 VINA

Harvard University

ees
ee
ie
In 1895, W. E. B. Du Bois graduated
from Harvard University, one of the
best colleges in our country. He was
the first African American to earn a
special degree from there called a
Ph.D. He led the way for others who
wanted an education. While most
people spend four years in college,
W. E. B. Du Bois chose to stay longer.
This shows he was a hard worker.

65
 rate ion Oe PONS

W.E.B Du Bois had many jobs

20
42— sHoO= Gq(oe)=}42 GSoot cs <2)= fab) oOCoat+>GqoO ie)@o

jobs was a teacher. In a way,

tS
REY

teachers are leaders They set

examples for how the ir students
should act.

66
 W. E. B.Du Boiss felt strongly about
people’s rights. When he moved to Tennessee,
he found that some people did not have the
same rights as others. This made him sad
and angry. He tried to fix the problem.
W. E. B. Du Bois wrote papers and gave
speeches about Bred rights. He became a
famous supporter of equal rights. Being
active in the community made W. E. B.
Du Bois a better leader. He knew how to
reach people.
 B. Du Bois

W. E. B. Du Bois expected a lot from

himself and others. He was a good role
model who showed others how to make
positive changes. I think we should
learn from his actions. If we do, we can
all be leaders! Don’t you agree?
Respond to
Reading

Use details from Great Leaders to answer these questions with

a partner.

1. Evaluate What are the most important details to remember

about Abigail Adams and W. E. B. Du Bois? Look for clues in
the text and pictures to help you decide.

Find two facts and two opinions about Abigail Adams. Then
find two facts and two opinions about W. E. B. Du Bois. How
do the opinions help you get to know the authors?

Why did the authors write these texts? What do they want to
persuade you to think?

° Talking Tip
Use your own words to explain details from the
text. Complete the sentence below.

I read that
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CPA and SE LPN NaS ST Toagene See EA Ue pe ees Ae SR ae suisse
Cite Text ! PS aN pg BURLCOSI eA Ay Eee

Evidence 4

Write an Opinion
PROMPT Both Abigail Adams and W. E. B. Du Bois worked to
make changes. How do you think their actions changed the lives
of others? Use details from the words and photos to explain
your ideas.

PLAN First, list the things that were important to Abigail Adams
and W. E. B. Du Bois. Think about who they wanted to help.

Abigail Adams W. E. B. Du Bois

OR COW EDRe He eae

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WRITE Now write an opinion that explains how you think their
actions changed the lives of others. Remember to:

e Use opinion words like / think or | believe.

e Use examples from their lives to support your ideas.

Prepare to Read
Opinion writing shows an author's thoughts,
beliefs, or ideas.

Preview “Kids for President!”

The author
thinks kids should run for president. How do you think the
author will get readers to agree with him?

Read to find out why the author thinks kids

would make good presidents.
Kids for President!
READ Which details show an opinion? Underline them.

Would you like to be president when you grow up? Why

wait? In my opinion, kids like us would make great presidents. Close Reading Tip
A president has to be fair when he or she is making decisions. Mark important
ideas with *.
Kids learn about being fair all the time. A president has to

work well with other world leaders. Kids are experts at taking

turns. We know how to share and follow rules, too. >

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
What is the author's opinion about who can be president? What
reasons does he give to support it?

73
 READ The author includes facts and opinions. Underline a
sentence that tells a fact.

A president has to be a good listener. He or she needs to

*.
i)
¢ hear what is important to people. That helps the president

Close Reading Tip make good decisions. Kids are great listeners. Kids listen to

Mark important their parents, their teachers, and their friends every day.
ideas with *.
Kids are good at dreaming, too. We have big imaginations.

That would be a very helpful thing for a president. If a

president thinks big, amazing things can happen for everyone

in the country.

That’s why I think kids should be president.

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
Which details help you decide if a kid can be president?
 Cite Text
Evidence y
WRITE ABOUT IT The author of “Kids for President!” thinks
kids would make good presidents. Do you agree or disagree? Use
details from the text to explain your opinion.
 > sInformational text is nonfiction. It gives facts
Sa| about a topic. As you read Who Are Government's Leaders?,
look for:

| captions with photos

main topic and details
headings that stand out
troop
As you read, summarize the text. :
charge
Use your own words to describe the most
important ideas in an order that makes sense. aoWs
state
members

laws

capital

council
 ; Se
aes
,
°
oe eS ‘

EES bas

ors
id
;Wile
aati,

4ii
 Who Is a Leader?
A leader is a person who is in charge of a group
of people. Leaders try to help their groups and solve
problems. Leaders try to work together and are good
listeners, too.
Some leaders work in government. Government
leaders help make rules. They make rules for our
country, our state, and our city.

78
inhSPseerectcaltate :oes

St DCMEPOOR “SOROS
ew enna CteeeeeenERS
State Leaders
State leaders work in the state’s capital city. People
in each state choose a governor. The governor leads a ee
the state. The governor works with legislators, who
make laws for their state. Ped
IO City Leaders
A mayc IT1s the leader of a Cl ty’s government. The mayor
works with the city council.
 | ___ Good leaders make our country a
Pen ag better place to live.
"
Respond to
Reading “GOVER NMENT'S
LEADERS? 4].

[Turn and Talk

Zy ye eee is a 11.
4
1 oo e

aren repens lier

Use details from Who Are Government's Leaders? to answer these

questions with a partner.

if Summarize What did you learn about government leaders

from reading this text?

Za Why is being a good listener an important part of being a

government leader?

What do you think is the most interesting part of being

a government leader? What do you think is the most
difficult part?

Listening Tip
Look at your partner as you listen. Nod your head
to show you are interested.
Cite Text
Evidence

Write a Help Wanted Ad

PROMPT A help wanted ad is an advertisement that appears in
a newspaper when a job needs to be filled. It tells people what it
takes to do that job. What would you write in a help wanted ad
for a government leader? Use details from the words and photos
to explain your ideas.

PLAN First, think about the skills that good government leaders
need to have. Add them to the web.

Government
Leaders
WRITE Now write a help wanted ad for a job as a government
leader. Remember to:

e Describe the skills a person will need to do a good job.

e Explain why this job is important.

Prepare to Read
Informational text is nonfiction. It gives facts
about a topic.

Preview “Learn First! Then Vote!” Voting for

good leaders is very important. What do you think this text will
be about?

Read to find out about how people choose who

will get their vote.
 T h e n V o t e l aaa
Learn F i r s t !
READ What is a candidate? Underline the sentence that helps
you understand the word’s meaning.

In the United States, citizens vote for government leaders.

Being a government leader is a very important job. People “@-

count on them to make careful decisions. Choosing who to Close Reading Tip

vote for is a very important job, too. How do people decide Circle words you
don't know. Then
who will get their vote? Let's find out! figure them out.
First, people think about the issues that are important to

them. Building good schools is one example of an important

issue. Then people learn about each candidate, or person who

is running for office. They ask, “How does each candidate feel

about the issues I care about most?” >

87
 READ What are some ways to learn about a candidate?

There are many ways to learn about candidates. One way is

to watch a debate. A debate is a discussion between people

who disagree. When candidates debate, they share their

Close Reading Tip opinions about issues.

Mark important
words with an *.
Another way to learn is to read. During an election,

newspapers have stories about candidates. People write books

about them, too. Some candidates even write their own books.

When it is time to vote, people think about all they have

learned. Then they ask, “Who do I think will do the best job?”
Then they make their choice.

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
What are the most important ideas on this page?

88
 Cite Text
Evidence
WRITE ABOUT IT In your own words, tell what you learned.
Write a summary of“Learn First! Then Vote!”
 CCN
eA RNR RAAB

Prepare to View
[TSS Videos are short movies that give you
information or something for you to watch for enjoyment.
As you watch Thomas Edison and the Light Bulb, notice:

e how pictures, sounds, and words work together

© what the video is about
® information about the topic
® the tone or mood of the video

One way to tell events is in chronological

ier That means they are told in the order they happened. Pay
attention to the order of events in the video. How does the order
help you understand how the events are related?

MELEELIE RDA IGS RAL BODILY ES PELL SOTA TELLS”

 THOMAS
> cHANlD oTUHEh
fm LIGHT BULB
by StoryBots
 Get to know Thomas Edison! Think about how
rhyming words and sound effects help to tell Mr. Edison's story
in a fun way. Listen for details that help you understand the
order in which events in his life happened.

92
“\ Media f ys f a
oe > y — \ D : oe

a | EDISON
Tu emnm, zand Tall : AND. THE Sven
LIGHT BULB
*
Uli tf) and l alk gett: .
.
.
.
, 3 .3
Z .
= .
& @ Be -
.
*
ip .
.
H .
sje .
ae
.
° .
.
je

Use details from Thomas Edison and the Light Bulb to answer
these questions with a partner.

if. Chronological Order What was the order of events that led
to Edison's invention of the light bulb?

Pre Why does the video show Edison throwing a plant onto a
giant pile of plants? How does that help you understand
how Edison felt about inventing?

3. What do Thomas Edison and Maya in Going Places have in

common? What makes them both leaders?

> Talking Tip

Ask to learn more about one of your partner's
ideas. Complete the sentence below.

Please explain
 Let’s Wrap Up!
@) Essential Question

What are the qualities of a good leader?

SHOVOSHSSHSSSHSSSHHFHOSSESCHSSSSHHHHOHSSHESHSHHOSHSSEHSLAOKSHSSHSESHHOSSHAOSHSHFHTHSHSOFCSHHHSSHSHSHHHHSSESHSEEES

Pick one of these activities to show what you have learned

about the topic.

1. Interview a Leader
Think about the different leaders you read about in the texts.
Which one would you most like to meet? Write
five questions you would like to ask if you
could interview that person.

Word Challenge
Can you use the
word inspire in one
of your questions?

94
 en Wiss Wi
exc ecyiee
Sg
BW ra ~ ae
ane

2 e Getting to Know
Leaders
With a group, role-play a conversation
between the leaders you read about. Have
each group member be a different leader. Take
turns introducing yourselves and describing |
what makes you a leader. Use details from the
texts to explain your ideas.
“—Anonymous.
ARIE EDL
Big Idea
Words

Words About Weather

Complete the Vocabulary Network to show what you know
about the words.

climate
Meaning: Climate is the normal weather of a place.

Synonyms and Antonyms

 precipitation —
Meaning: Precipitation is water that falls from the sky, such as rain, sleet, hail,
Or SNOW.

Synonyms and Antonyms

temperature
Meaning: Temperature is how hot or cold a place is. |

. })Synonyms and Antonyms

 Weather is what the air is like outside. A Ve
weather map shows the weather in different
places. Weather maps use symbols, shapes,
and colors. Together, these things show us
what the weather will be like.

What does the map show you about summer

weather in different parts of the country?
co
ys
“a o> Narrative nonfiction gives facts about a topic,
but it reads like a story. As you read Wild Weather, look for:

information and facts about a real topic

visuals such as maps or diagrams with text
ways that visuals and words help readers
understand the text

“al. gies= > Read to make smart guesses, or

inferences, about things the author does not say.
Use clues in the text and pictures to help you.
 Netan
Rayer
ini teks
one

fia

evdlahtacreter
 High up, along a mountain trail,
a hiker sat and folded an origami bird.

“It sure is sunny, she said. As she

held the bird high, a gust of wind lifted
the paper. The bird began to fly.

e . Se
.

“Whoa, how did

it get so windy?”

Just then, the bird spotted ee

a duck flying nearby.
 "Hey, there.
- What's your name?”

The bird remembered

the hiker had said sunny.

“sonny, I think.”
&

“Tm Chuck. Nice to meet

*
°
e
°
oe

you, Sonny. Say, I've got a real

*
*
a
ad
°

problem. My wife, Natasha, is

@
e
°
°
o

missing. We were trying to fly

*
e
es
»
e

away from here.”

s
a
s
*

105
 Why do you want to leave Sonny asked.
it] Pu

The mountain valley looked nice enough.

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 “It's simple,” he said. “The sun
heats the land, making the air above
it warm. The warm air rises. Cool air
rushes to take the place of the warm
WARM air. And because Earth spins, wind
AIR can come from any direction.”

"So, do you think the wind carried

Natasha away?” Sonny asked.

“T hope not.” Chuck cried. “She was

right next to me, but then she disappeared!”

107
A drop of water struck Sonny's

“Tent whet 0 Hess ee

“Clouds and rain? :

How did they get here?"
 “Check out this water
*-. cycle chart. It explains how
»

clouds form and rain falls.”

e sun
<3 heats wat

‘in
Boh

Gas rises,
cools, and
turns into
water droplets.
 “So rain is just a bunch of tiny droplets?”
sonny said. “That doesn't seem so bad.”

“Normal rainstorms are fine. But thunderstorms

can make lightning and heavy rain. When too much
rain falls all at once, a flood can form.”
 “Hang on,” Chuck yelled. “Hail is falling!”

“Hail?” Sonny chirped. “What's that?”

“Sometimes storm clouds called cumulonimbus

clouds form. Water droplets iin the highest parts of“ a
the cloud bounce around and freeze into ice :
pellets,” Chuck said. “The pellets hit water
droplets, and the hail gets bigger.”

“And once the hail is too

heavy, it falls?” Sonny asked.

: "You got it," C fick Speier

“Come |on, let's head forthe woods!” =
 ‘Isn't there any way to know when
the weather will get wild?”
*
.
os
©
y »
‘ ro
e
e
.

We,
*,*
”
*

“There is! Meteorologists ae

‘ane and predict weather. They
use tools to help them.” di

*
—
.
Sa
 “Weather tools?”
sonny asked. “Like what?”

(pst 760m) |
omfg. 48

“They have instruments to measure wind speed and

direction,” Chuck explained. .And radar to track rain
and thunderstorms. Meteorologists even use satellites
in outer space to track how and where the clouds move.”
 Sonny shivered. His papery body was growing cold.

“Natasha is lost, and it will snow any

day now.” Chuck quacked sadly.

“So what's the deal with snow?”

Cd
Penge?

° °
Paee®

#
2s
6

"It's a bit different than

hail. The water vapor turns
into an ice crystal. The ice
crystal clings to other
crystals and forms a
snowllake.”

“That doesn't sound

so bad,” Sonny said.

114
 , * ae
If the ground and air are cold enough, y x
the snowflakes pile up and cover the ground,” .
Chuck quacked. “The lakes freeze, and it's % «
tough for birds like us to find food.” > as
~

we

“Oh! So that's why you fly south!”

115
=
‘ne on
 ThatS
_ Where Marthe worst heatwave on record?

117
 Meese ees,

*e ; : ree

“Where is Natasha? She

couldn’ t have just disappeared!”

‘A tornado came through here

years ago, Chuck said.

‘What's a tornado?”
Sonny asked.
 “It's a (iets of wind that formsintheskyand _
wrecks what it touches on the ground,” Chuck said.
“Tornadoes form during a thunderstorm. They are
more likely to Efi over flat land.”

be weak; stro 9
n :

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| in:
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: Tornadoe s are us wi nd s in Bgsea ©

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119
=
 —"IT had no idea weather could
be so scary,” Sonny said.

“That's nothing. My
cousin Frank almost got
caught in a hurricane once.”
e
*
*
*
*
®
*
2
*
*
*
*

“A hurricane? I'm afraid to ask!”

“A hurricane forms in summer or fall,” Chuck said.

“It forms over an ocean and moves toward land.”

120
 “Does it make lots of wind like
a tornado?” asked Sonny.

"Yes. Strong winds rotate around the ‘eye’ of the

storm,” said Chuck. The spinning storm picks up
energy from the warmth of the ocean. Whenit hits land,
Wow, allthatdangerous weather scares me!” said Sonny.

:
- 1
2 “Hey,Chuck. Isthat your wife?”
%-e * e
*eenenee?*

“Tt is! Where were you, Natasha?”

“I went back for my sunglasses. I can't

fly south without them!”

“Come with us, Sonny,” Chuck said.

“I'd love to!” Sonny said. “But

can I get some of those cool
sonny-glasses too?”
Respond to
Reading

Use details from Wild Weather to answer these questions with

a partner.

1. Make Inferences Why is a meteorologist’s

job important?

2. Look at the chart on page 109. How can you use the text
and pictures to find and understand information about the
water cycle?

In what ways is a hurricane like a tornado? How are they

different? Use details from the text and pictures to explain
your answer.

LJ Talking Tip
Speak clearly as you share your ideas. Do not
speak too quickly or too slowly.

I think that
a Cite Text
*\ Evidence {

Write an Opinion
PROMPT When you recommend a book, you try to persuade
someone else to read it. What would you say to recommend Wild
Weather? Think about what you liked best about the text and
illustrations.

PLAN First, write three reasons you would give to persuade

someone to read Wild Weather.

You should read

Wild Weather because...

Reason Reason Reason

 WRITE Now write your opinion. Tell why you would recommend
Wild Weather. Remember to:

e Use details that tell what readers will learn from Wild Weather.
e Use language that will make readers excited about reading it!

i i Sg a pn a a Ry et Src ct A NE Solos El ha lt a

ee ee ee ee er

i ar a Se a a ee

Dene eee eee eee ee —————————————

a a a a ee

es a re

2 ee ee ee SS

nnn

nnn

es
Prepare to Read
Narrative nonfiction gives facts about a topic,
but it reads like a story.

Preview “North for the Winter.” Two ducks

decide not to fly south for the winter. What do you think will
happen that winter?

Read to find out what the ducks learn about

what it’s like during winter.
READ Why do Hank and Diego stay up north? Underline the
sentence that tells you.

In fall, it begins to get cool up north. Ducks fly south to

Cee

-©
ww

where it is warm. All the ducks except Hank and Diego, that is. | Close Reading Tip
“Every year, the leaves turn brown and the ducks leave Mark important
ideas with *.
town, said Diego. “This year, I want to see what winter's all
about. I am going to stay right here and see my first winter.’

“Me, too!” Hank said, excitedly. “I want to see snow!” >

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
Why do ducks fly south in winter? Why is Hank excited to stay?

127,
 READ What causes ice to form in winter?

In winter, the days are shorter and the temperatures are

colder than in any other time of year. Water turns to ice because
temperatures fall below freezing. Snow may fall, too.
Close Reading Tip “Brrr; Hank said. “It sure is chilly here in winter.’
Underline two facts
that Hank and Diego
“Did you see what happened to our duck pond?” Diego
learn about winter. asked. “The water turned to a solid, and it’s super slippery.’

Hank and Diego had fun sliding on their frozen pond.

Suddenly, a snowflake fell. Soon many snowflakes were falling.

“Woo-hoo!” shouted Hank. “Time to make snowducks!”

“Hooray!” Diego cheered. “After that, let’s head south to

warm up. I can't wait to tell everyone about our snowducks!”

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
Which clue word helps you figure out why ice forms in winter?

128
 Cite Text
. Evidence
WRITE ABOUT IT Write a letter from Hank and Diego to their x |
friends in the south to tell what winter is like and what they have
learned. Use details from the text in your letter.
 Guided
| Practice

Prepare to Read
Fantasies are stories with made-up events that
could not really happen. As you read Cloudette, look for:

e characters that are not found in real life

® alesson the main character learns

® problems and solutions

As you read, make connections by

finding ways that this text is like things in your life
and other texts you have read. This will help you Tree
ercarh
understand and remember the text. eeeeessensee

me
by Tom Lichtenheld
In fact, being small had
lots of advantages. :
| Morning, small-fry.

a
Hi, pipsqueak!

Everyone called her cute little names.

She had lots of little friends.
She could sneak through tig ht spaces v

I can’t
find her
Ss ¢ nS < iv) x zt
ma

Excuse me!

RS sisi
SLT
erase Saath
ER
aeap
Sees
 But once ina while, all the other clouds would
run off to do something big and important.

C’mon, Cloudette,
join our
cold front: We're gonna make
VA a HUGE storm!

And make some

mighty rivers flow.

Yeah, we're gonna r i ve

water some crops. & C gis

oA . No, thanks.
i n I'll just watch from here.

ae
ep 135
Cloudette could see them in the distance, doing
all sorts of important cloud things.
 | :She wanted to make
a brook babble.

to

make

waterfall

fall.

ieCe? ee
 One night, Cloudette lay awake wondering
what she could do that was big and important.

Sorry, we just gota

brand-new pumper truck.
She thought maybe she could work
for the fire department.

Sorry, these plants

take TONS of water.

Or maybe they needed some help

down at the garden center.

138
But nobody seemed
to need her.

Sorry, it’s all

done by machines.
|

139
 Cloudette was feeling blue.

140
 When the storm finally stopped, She didn’t know anyone here.
Cloudette realized she’d been blown
far from her neighborhood. \

Hello.
Hi.
Howdy.

Howya doin’?

; Wan, ANE nesil

And they didn’t seem eager to

get to know her.
 Have you seen
Welcome to our neck of
the woods, small-fry.
our new pal?
Whata cute
little cumulus!

But pretty soon she was making new friends and

seeing things she’d never seen before.

|
ELS ; Se900T.
* Liat
Teds ol aRe eerea
peeeree Ceteriee
reli tase

Thenshe endfronuethingshe'd
"never heardbefore. i"
 1,"

She looked down at what was supposed to be a pond,

but was really just a puddle of mud.

ofa uF ve Aw en
- ammaRANE SS
" adil posseLL aan

; What happened to your pond, froggie?

oe

It dried up, and now it’s more

like a puddle than a pond.

This gave Cloudette an idea...

More like a
‘

brainstorm,
actually.

144
 She held her breath until she
started to puff up all over.

Then she turned a

nice blue-gray color.

She kept growing until

it looked like she was
ready to burst.

Se ae

She shook her behind until it made a little

rumbling sound—not quite what you'd call
thunder, but enough to let people know they
might want to grab an umbrella.

Then she did what she’d wanted to do for ages.

 She

pour.
 Cloudette rained on or
that little puddle until it
grew into a big puddle.

And she kept on raining

until that big puddle
| ‘They all let out a big “Thank you \e in unison.
o

ih

Cloudette was exhausted, but happy.

—
Sea
aay%
oN,

oe
~
me
a
 Nice work, : That was someo.
Yeah, |
righteous rain!
cae cloudy. way to water! Prodigious precipitation,
pipsqueak!

4ted
aigRae

o Even the higher-ups w re m

_ which got herthinking
 I'll bet there are other
b ig and important th ings
a little cloud can do.

‘a:
oy
ae

And off she went

Ca

7
1 Respond to
‘ if ° fy
--\ Reading ,

| Turn ond Talk r

Hf) ¥

Use details from Cloudette to answer these questions with

a partner.

1. Make Connections Think about a time when you were not

big enough to do something you really wanted to do. How
does that help you understand Cloudette’s feelings?

How do the other characters in the story feel about

Cloudette? What does this tell you about what she is like?
Use details from the text and illustrations to explain
your answer.

3. What does Cloudette learn about herself?

7’ Listening Tip
Listen carefully. Make connections. How is what
your partner is saying like other things you know?
 Cite Text
“\ Evidence 4
=
ies
ate
a eer 2

Write the Next Chapter

PROMPT What will Cloudette do next? Use what you know
about her to write about her next adventure. Look for details in
the words and pictures to help you think of ideas.

PLAN First, draw a picture that shows what you think Cloudette
will do next. Add a caption to describe what she is doing.
WRITE Now write a new adventure for Cloudette! Remember to:

e Look for details in the story that give clues about what
Cloudette likes to do.
e Include details that describe what Cloudette is seeing,
thinking, and feeling.
Prepare to Read
Fantasies are stories with made-up events that
could not really happen.

Preview “Raining Cats and Dogs!” Misty

wants to play in the rain. You know that most stories include a
problem. What problem do you think Misty will have?

Read to find out about Misty’s rainy day and to

find out if your prediction is correct. If not, use what you know
about story structure to make a new prediction.
Raining Cats and Dogs!
READ Is the narrator a character in the story? How can you tell?

“a e *

One rainy morning, Misty brought her leash to her owner,

_- - e
1 =© i)

Annie. Misty was still a pup, and she loved to splash in the Close Reatiag ae
Underline the
puddles. She wagged her tail and barked happily to let Annie problem.

know it was time for them to go out. Annie grinned.

“We can't take our walk yet, Misty,’ Annie said, pointing out

the window. “It’s raining cats and dogs out there!”

Shocked, Misty dashed to the window and looked out

eagerly. She had never seen it rain cats and dogs before. It

sounded amazing! To her surprise, Misty just saw an ordinary

rainy day. She watched the raindrops fall and wondered where

the cats and dogs were. >

155
 READ What does Misty do to solve her problem? Underline it.

Later, the sky cleared and the sun came out. Finally, Annie

took Misty for a walk. They even went to the dog park, Misty's
favorite place to meet her friends. At the dog park, Misty saw
Close Reading Tip Dash, the next-door neighbor's dog.
Write C when you
make a connection
Dash was older and wiser, so Misty asked, “Why did Annie
to something in tell me it was raining cats and dogs this morning? There wasn't
your life.
a dog or cat in sight. What was she talking about?”

Dash laughed and explained, “That is just something

humans like to say. It means it is raining very hard and they

don't want to go for a walk. It makes no sense, but we have to

be patient with our humans. They can be so silly sometimes’ >

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
What does “raining cats and dogs” mean?

156
 Cite Text
. Evidence ,
WRITE ABOUT IT Write a journal entry to describe the day
from Misty’s point of view. Be sure to tell the events in order.
 Guided
Practice

Prepare to Read
informational text is nonfiction. It gives facts
about a topic. As you read Get Ready for Weather, look for:

e captions with art or photos

e headings, subheadings, or bold words that stand out
e how visuals and words help you understand
the text

Think carefully about the author's

words as you read. Then evaluate, or decide, which
details are most important to help you understand
the text.

158
What's the Weather?
Take a look outside your
window. What's the weather like
today? It might be sunny or cloudy,
rainy or snowy. One of the neat
things about weather is that it’s
always changing. Temperatures
can be warm or cold. Winds can
be strong gusts or soft breezes. If
it’s rainy and chilly today, it could
be sunny and warm tomorrow.
Meteorologists tell us the weather.

People check the weather forecast to help plan their days.

It tells if the weather will be rainy or sunny, hot or cold.
Knowing what the weather will be helps people decide what
to wear and do each day. If a big storm is on the way, the
forecast explains what to expect and how to prepare.
161
 Thunderstorms are storms that
have rain, thunder, and lightning.
Lightning can be very dangerous.
Lightning can strike trees and
telephone poles. The bright
of lightning can be seen from very
far away. Sometimes it can be
seen from 100 miles away!
 If you hear the rumble of
thunder, it is a good idea to
go inside right away. Indoors
is the best place to be during
a thunderstorm. If you are
outdoors, keep low to the
ground. Also, be sure to stay
away from trees.
| X sé : . eee " Oe es ‘ 4 “S ~ “ ns . : y - me

. ae hare eee ‘B ‘, at . ae ¥-. " Moat is: et a et

oe pee

Blizzards are winter storms. They have very heavy snow ae

and strong winds. It is hard to see in a blizzard. Itcan also = oy
be hard to walk because of the wind and the deep snow. me ‘io4

PRONE TE BLED RTE EL T, ¥ % te +

he pees

|Blizzard Shopping
ss
Wes

B
re
&

i a
eh
Ril
AE
STU
eg

Beatsoste
SS Te

ee:

osa
Tae

te
oe
=
ETE
ERE ot
 After a blizzard, there is
LOTS of shoveling to do!
Snowplows work day and night
to clear the roads. Neighbors
help each other shovel sidewalks
and driveways. School might be
canceled for a few days. Kids
can go sledding and build
snowmen, but they better bundle
up first! Wearing more than one
layer of clothes will keep them
warm in the frosty cold. .
 Sandstorms happen when
strong winds pick up sand. In the
air, the sand forms into cloud
shapes. In very strong winds, these
gre
a sodnhimegnisisesieinet,

sand clouds can grow to be 50

feet high! The winds can carry the
sand for many miles. Sandstorms
usually happen in dry, hot areas.

Ginee
Agee

eeneead Tara
Ssaa or
 Meteorologists use tools
to help predict when and
where storms will arrive.
Knowing that a storm is
coming can help you
prepare. Storms can be
dangerous, but they
can be beautiful, too. Stay
sate and enjoy the weather i {
% wy eH oe

wherever you live!

When a big storm hits, pets

need to be protected, too. Be sure
your pets are indoors with you
where it is safe and warm!
Use details from Get Ready for Weather to answer these questions
with a partner.

1. Evaluate Which details in Get Ready for Weather help you

understand how to get ready for a blizzard?

2. Look back at pages 162-163. What is the main idea of this

section? What details tell more about it?

3. Compare Get Ready for Weather and Wild Weather. How are
the texts alike? What are the most important differences
between them?

2 Talking Tip
Complete the sentence to add to what your
partner says.

My idea is
 Cite Text
Evidence
. 7
Me >
ae ~~

Write Safety Tips

PROMPT What can you do to stay safe during different kinds of
weather? Use details from the words and pictures in Get Ready
for Weather to explain your ideas.

PLAN First, list some ways to stay safe during thunderstorms,

blizzards, and sandstorms.
~ WRITE Now write five safety tips that will help people and pets
Stay safe during different kinds of weather. Remember to:

e Use verbs that tell people exactly what to do.

e Number each of your safety tips.
Prepare to Read
Informational text is nonfiction. It gives facts
about a topic.

Preview “Protect Yourself” Read the title and

the headings. What do you think the text will be about?

Read to learn facts and to see if your prediction is

right. If not, think about what you've read in the text and what
the title and headings tell you. Then make a new prediction.
READ How does the picture help you understand the text?

'
® e
-@-
There are many ways to enjoy different kinds of weather, ad

Close Reading Tip

but it’s important to be prepared before you step outside.
Underline the central
Clothing idea.

In cold weather, bundle up in coats, hats, mittens, earmuffs,

and scarves to keep your body warm. In very hot weather,

wear lighter clothes like shorts and t-shirts. When it’s raining,

wear a raincoat and rain boots to keep you dry. »

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING

What are two ways clothing can protect you from weather?

173
 READ What safety details are important to know for hot
weather? Underline them.

Follow Safety Tips

On sunny days, wearing sunscreen and sunglasses will help

protect your skin and eyes. Sunny days can be hot or cold.
Close Reading Tip
Mark important Drinking lots of water on a hot, sunny day is important. Your
ideas with *.
body loses water when it’s hot. Keeping all parts of your body

covered in very cold weather will help protect your skin.

Knowing the weather forecast helps keep you safe, too.

Dont go outside when there is a thunderstorm on the way. Be

sure to take breaks from being outside when it is very hot or

very cold, too. Enjoy the outdoors safely!

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING
How do the headings help you understand what you are reading?

174
 Cite Text
\ Evidence £
WRITE ABOUT IT Choose one type of weather and writea | ¢
paragraph explaining how to protect yourself from that kind of
weather. Include information you learned from the text.

175
Guided
Practice ,

Poetry uses images, sounds, and rhythm to

express feelings. As you read the poems in Whatever the Weather,
look for:

words that appeal to the senses

words that make you think of powerful images
or pictures
words that are fun to say or that sound unique
repetition of sounds, words, or lines

Ask questions before, during, and

after you read to help you get information or
understand the text. Look for evidence in the text
and pictures to answer your questions.
 y
ie
ie:
Sloshagalosh slosh a galosh
gecsinee>

slither and slather and glide

A puddle a jump a puddle a jump
A puddle a jump puddle splosh
A juddle a pump aluddle a dump a
Puddmuddle jump in and slide!
 B
>
= aS= © a4
|
S =
re

ro)
>
3
~~ =
fo’ = rab) oOro) So
= — to make a rainy day
Nighttime covers —©
all the things
that y
 by Pat Mora

‘What do you see

_ inthecloudssohigh?
What do you see inthe sky?

Oh, Iseepale a8
| Beecurltheirtails
Rvsloe:they go
sihering b
dy.

What doyousee
inthe clouds so high? .
~ What do you see? Tellme,do,

a Oh,| seeie ;
that race the wind —
high in the shimmeri shes
Respond to
Reading
ee

Use details from Whatever the Weather to answer these questions

with a partner. |

1. Ask and Answer Questions What questions did you ask

yourself about the poems before, during, and after reading?

2. Find places in “Weather” where the poet uses repetition.

How do the sounds of the words help you picture what kind
of weather she is writing about?

3. Compare the settings in “Covers”

and “Cloud Dragons.’ How
does each poem make you feel?

? Listening Tip
Listen carefully. Think about the meaning of what
your partner says.
 Respondto J
“\ Reading
cD

Write a Weather Poem

PROMPT Which of the weather poems did you like best?
Choose a line, a phrase, or just a word from that poem. Use it to
write your own poem about weather.

PLAN First, write the words you chose from the poem on one
side of the chart. Then think of other words that describe that
kind of weather. Write them on the other side of the chart.

The Poem’s Words My Words

_ WRITE Now put your words and the poem's words together to
write anew poem about weather. Remember to:

e Think about how the words in your poem sound together.

e Use words that will help readers picture that kind of weather.
Prepare to Read
Poetry uses images, sounds, and rhythm to
express feelings.

Preview “Weather Wonders.’ Think about the

characteristics of poetry. What do you think you will read about
in these poems?

Read to see how the poems use images, sounds,

and rhythm and to see if your prediction is right. If not, use what
you know about poetry to make a new prediction.
eg a
READ Circlwords that repeat. Why does the poet use repetition?

Wind

Let the wind blow. Whoosh!

It's all right.

Pll go out and fly my kite. Underline words that
rhyme.

Let the wind blow. Whee!

I will see

Leaves blow off the maple tree.

Let the wind blow. Wooo!

Fancy that!
Wind just carried off my hat! >

187
 READ What is the poem mostly about? Underline clues that
tell you.

Spring Sunshine

Bright sun makes me squint.

It warms my skin, melts the snow,

Close Reading Tip
Put a ? by the parts and opens flowers.
you have questions
about.

CHECK MY UNDERSTANDING

What words does the poet use to describe the sun?

188 SP as
 Cite Text
\ Evidence
WRITE ABOUT IT Which poem do you like best? Use details “Sj y
from the text to explain why. .
 Guided
Practice

Prepare to View
Videos are short movies that give you
information or something for you to watch for enjoyment. As
you watch Rain Cloud in a Jar, notice:

e how pictures, sounds, and words work together

e information about the topic
e the purpose of the video

Ask yourself what happens and why to find

cause and effect connections in the video. A cause is something
that makes something else happen. An effect is what happens
because of the cause.
a?
“tf
 Are you ready to make it rain? Watch the
experiment. Observe what happens and why. Use the
words and pictures to figure out how the steps in the
experiment cause something to happen. How does this
help you understand rain clouds?

192
-\ Respondto f:
Media ,

7%
: 4"ys tae Gace at , FTW I
ae turn ana [Qik

Use details from Rain Cloud in a Jar to answer these questions

with a partner.

1. Cause and Effect What causes the shaving cream cloud to

get heavier? What is the effect?

2 Why is it important to add color to the water before you drip

it on the shaving cream?

What does observing this experiment help you understand

about weather?

st Talking Tip
Add your own idea to what your partner says. Be
sure to use polite language.

I like your idea. My idea is

 Let’s Wrap Up!
(?) Essential Question

How does weather affect us?

Pick one of these activities to show what you have learned

about the topic.

iL: My Favorite Weather

What is your favorite kind of weather? Write your
opinion. Use details from the texts and from
your own experiences to explain what
you like about it. Draw a picture to
go with your writing.

194
2 e Reporting the
Weather
Be a TV weather reporter! Choose one
kind of weather to report about. Use
details from the texts to describe what you
see, hear, and feel. Use your voice and body
to show what it is like reporting in that kind
of weather! in your weather
report?

My Notes

195
admire
Glossary
A
admire [ad-mir’] When you admire someone, you like
and respect that person.
| admire my friend for how he helps others.

advantages [ad-van’tij-ez] Advantages are things

that help put you ahead.
Being a big brother has many advantages.

advice [ad-vis’]) When you give advice, you tell

people what you would do.
My dad gives me good advice.

assured [a-shoord’] If you assured someone, you

promised something would happen.
The teacher assured us that the bus was on the way.

average [av'ar-ij, av’rij) Something that is average is

normal or usual.
advice
My cat is smarter than the average pet.

196
 contraption

C
capital [kap’I-tl] A capital is the city where the
government meets to make laws.
The government building is in the capital city.

charge [charj] When you are in charge, people follow

your directions.
Who is in charge of the group?

climate [kli’mit] Climate is the normal weather of a

place.
Some fruits grow best in a warm climate.

clings [klingz] When something clings to something

else, it sticks to it.
Jane’s hair clings to the balloon.

contraption [kan-trap’shan] A contraption is an

object that looks strange and hard to use.
Jim built an amazing flying contraption.

contraption
197
 council
Seeeeeeeeeeeee

council [koun’sal] A council is a group of people

elected to lead.
The members of the council will work together to
make a decision,

covers [kuv’arz] Something that covers something

else goes over it.
Snow covers the yard during winter.
council creep [krép] When things creep, they move quietly
and slowly.
| saw the cat creep closer to the bird.

D
damage [dam’ij] When you damage something, you
cause harm to it.
The storm could damage the old tree.

E
earned [urnd]
If you earned something, you got
what you worked for.
We earned money by selling lemonade.
 funnel
eeeseeeneeeees

equal [e’kwal] Something that is equal is the same

amount as something else.
She divided the pie into equal pieces.

exactly [ig-zakt’le] When things are exactly alike,

they are the same in every way.
My brother and | look exactly alike.

excess [ik-ses’, ek’ses’] An excess of something is

more than is needed.
Please remove any excess glue from the paper.
exactly

F
flash [flash] A flash is a sudden burst of light.
The flash of lightning was very bright.

front [frunt] A cold front is where cold air meets

warm air.
A cold front will bring snow showers.

funnel [fun’al] A funnel has a wide circle at the top

and a short, thin tube at the bottom.
She poured the mixture into the funnel.

199
glide
G
glide [glid] Things that glide move smoothly
and easily.
My new skates help me glide over the ice.

gusts [glsts] Gusts are short, strong rushes of wind.

Gusts of wind kept blowing my umbrella inside out.

H
honored [on’ard] When people are honored, they are
praised for what they have done.
Laila was honored for her volunteer work.

I
impressed [im-prest’] If you are impressed, you like
something a lot.
She impressed us with her singing.

honored inspire [in-spir’] When people inspire you, they give

you new ideas.
| want to inspire others to be good leaders.

200
 members
intent [in-téent’] Someone who is intent is set on
doing something.
The cat was intent on staring at the birds.

L
laws [l6z] Laws are rules that people must follow.
Our country has many important laws.

layer [la’ar] If you have on more than one layer of

clothing, you are wearing several things on top of one
another to keep warm.
| always put on more than one layer of clothes on
snowy days.

M
members [mém’barz] Members are people who
belong to a group.
The other members of government welcomed the
new senator.

201
occur

O
occur [a-kir’]) When things happen or take place,
they occur.
The graduation party will occuras soon as the
ceremony is over.

Pp
peered [pird] If you peered, you looked closely.
Sofi and Diana peered into the microscope at the drop
of pond water.

pellets [pel’its) Pellets are tiny balls of something.

Savannah brushed her pet rabbit and gave it some
food pellets.

pioneer [pi’a-nir’] When you pioneer something, you

are the first person to do it.
Astronauts help us pioneer new ways of exploring
outer space.

pioneer

202
 pPeeseeceocaoeveeae

politics [pol’-tiks] Politics is the work done by

people in government. , Feeca

Helping people in his community was his favorite part

of working in politics.

precipitation [pri-sip'-ta’shan] Precipitation is water

that falls from the sky, such as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
The weather report shows a strong chance
of precipitation. politics

precise [pri-sis’) Something that is precise is exact

and correct.
She gave us precise directions to the park.

predict [pri-dikt’] If you predict something, you say it

will happen before it does.
| predict that it will be sunny tomorrow.

R precipitation
rare [rar] Something that is rare does not happen
often.
It is rare for my brother to clean up his room.

203
relay
relay [ré’la] A relay is a team race where each
member runs one part of it.
It takes teamwork to win a relay race.

replica [rép’li-ka] A replica is an exact copy of

something.
Each cookie was a replica of the other.

respond [ri-spond’] When you respond, you answer

in some way.
| do not know how to respond to your question.

rumble [rum’‘bal] A rumble is a long, booming noise.

We heard a rumble of thunder.

S
shimmering [shim’ar-ing] Something that is
shimmering is shining.
replica
The silver confetti was shimmering in Jems hands at
the party.

204
 success

slather [slath’ar] If you slather something, you put a

lot of it over something else.
Let me slather this sunscreen on your face before we
go to the beach.

slithering [slith’ar-ing] If something is slithering by, it

is sliding past.
We saw a Snake slithering through the grass.

solve [solv, sdlv] When you solve a problem, you find

an answer to it.
| want to solve this math problem.

splatter [splat’ar]) When things splatter, drops fall out

of them.
If you aren’t careful, paint will splatter on the floor.

state [stat] A state is an area of land that is part of a

country and has its own government.
We will visit the state of Florida.
splatter
success [sak-sés’] Success is when you finish
something you worked hard to do.
Our talent show was a big success.

205
 supplies
eeseeeceveseveesaeee@

supplies [sa-pliz’] Supplies are the things people

need to be ready for something.
| have all the supplies | need for the storm.

T
temperature [tém’par-a-choor’, tem’par-a-char,
tém’pra-choor’, tem’pra-char] Temperature is how hot
supplies or cold a place is.
How cold is the temperature today?

tough [tuf] If something is tough to do, it is difficult

or challenging.
It was a very tough choice so we decided to get both
kittens.

troop [troop] A troop is a group of people who

belong to a club.
My friends and | are in the same girls’ troop at school.
Index of Titles and Authors
Boothroyd, Jennifer 76 “Protect Yourself” 172
“Captain Cat Keeps Her Cool” 36 Rain Cloud in a Jar 190
Cloudette 130 “Raining Cats and Dogs!” 154
Get Ready for Weather 158 Reynolds, Peter and Paul 14
Giovanni, Nikki 176 “Standing Up for Migrant
Going Places 14 Workers” 54
Great Leaders 58 Thomas Edison and the Light
Jones, Lucy 158 Bulb 90
“Kids for President!” 72 Troupe, Thomas Kingsley 102
“Learn First! Then Vote!” 86 “Weather Wonders” 186
Lichtenheld, Tom 130 Whatever the Weather 176
Macceca, Stephanie E. 40 Who Are Government's Leaders? 76
Merriam, Eve 176 Wild Weather 102
Mora, Pat 176 Wilma Rudolph: Against All Odds 40
“North for the Winter” 126

207
Acknowledgments Credits

"Cloud Dragons” from Confetti: Poems Copyright © 2014 by Picture Window 4 (t) (fg) Opaulaphoto/Shutterstock, (bg)
©raindrop74/Shutterstock; 4 (b) OJerry Cooke/
for Children by Pat Mora. Text Books, a Capstone imprint. Reprinted Sports Illustrated/Getty Images; 5 (c) Courtesy
copyright © 1996 by Pat Mora. by permission of Capstone Press Barack Obama Presidential Library; 5 (b)
©popular business/Shutterstock; 5 (b) ©Jib Jab
Reprinted by permission of Lee & Low Publishers. Bros, Studios; 5 (tl) (bg) ©tsyhun/Shutterstock, (tl)
Books Inc. Wilma Rudolph: Against All Odds by (r) ©Everett Collection Inc/Alamy, (tl) (I) OC. M.
Battey/Kean Collection/Getty Images; 5 (bl) ©Jib
Cloudette by Tom Lichtenheld. Copyright Stephanie E. Macceca, Text copyright Jab Bros. Studios; 7 (t) ©tawatchaiprakobkit/
© 2011 by Tom Lichtenheld. Reprinted © 2011 by Teacher Created Materials, iStockphoto/Getty Images; 7 (b) ©Mariyana M/
Shutterstock; 7 (b) ©Dudarev Mikhail/Shutterstock;
by arrangement with Henry Holt Books Inc. Reprinted by permission of 8 (bg) ©lmgorthand/E+/Getty Images; 8 (c) Olnti
for Young Readers. Teacher Created Materials, Inc, St. Clair/Blend Images/Getty Images; 12 (b)
©paulaphoto/Shutterstock; 12 (t) OMiss Felix/
"Covers" From The Sun Is So Quiet by Shutterstock; 12 (|) ©raindrop74/Shutterstock; 12 (r)
Nikki Giovanni. Text copyright © 1996 ©raindrop74/Shutterstock; 12 (fg) Opaulaphoto/
Shutterstock, (bg) Oraindrop74/Shutterstock; 13 (tr)
by Nikki Giovanni. Reprinted by ©Daniel Barry/Wirelmage/Getty Images; 13 (cr)
permission of Henry Holt Books for ©Ana Elisa Fuentes/AP Images; 13 (tl) ©Miss
Young Readers. Felix/Shutterstock; 13 (b) ©raindrop74/Shutterstock;
14 Photo by Ned Roberts, Art by Peter H.,
Going Places by Peter and Paul Reynolds, Used with the permission of Pippin
Reynolds. Text copyright © 2014 by Properties.; 40 ©Jerry Cooke/Sports Illustrated/
Getty Images; 40 (bl) Osirtravelalot/Shutterstock;
Peter H. Reynolds and Paul A. 42 ©pdesign/Shutterstock; 43 (I) Library of
Reynolds. Illustrations copyright © Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA/OWI
Collection, [LC-USE6-D-009282 (b&w film nitrate
2014 by Peter H. Reynolds. Reprinted neg,)]; 43 (r) OHistorical/Corbis Historical/Getty
by permission of Atheneum Books For Images; 44 ©Tennessee State University; 45 (|)
©Tennessee State University; 45 (r) ©Houghton
Young Readers, an Imprint of Simon & Mifflin Harcourt; 46 (b) ©Tennessee State
Schuster Children’s Publishing Division, University; 46 (I) ©Tennessee State University; 46
(tr) OThree Lions/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; 47
and Pippin Properties, Inc. (b) ©Popperfoto/Getty Images; 47 (|) OWILLIAM J
"Weather” from Catch a Little Rhyme by SMITH/AP Images; 47 (tr) OGEORGE SILK/The
Eve Merriam. Text copyright © 1966, LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images; 48 (|) ©AP
Images; 48 (r) CAP Images; 49 ©lmages-USA/
renewed © 1994 by Eve Merriam. Alamy; 51 (tr) OJerry Cooke/Sports Illustrated/
Reprinted by permission of Marian Getty Images; 53 (tr) ©Jerry Cooke/Sports
Illustrated/Getty Images; 54 ©Nina Osintseva/
Reiner. Shutterstock; 55 (t) OHoughton Mifflin Harcourt;
Excerpt from Who Are Government's 56 ©Domenec/iStockPhoto.com; 58 (b) ©Yurlick/
Shutterstock; 58 (t) OHerbert Orth/Time & Life
Leaders? by Jennifer Boothroyd. Text Pictures/Getty Images; 59 (bg) ©tsyhun/
copyright © 2016 by Lerner Publishing Shutterstock, (r) ©Everett Collection Inc/Alamy, (I)
©C. M. Battey/Kean Collection/Getty Images; 60
Group, Inc. Reprinted by permission of (cr) ©STILLFX/Shutterstock; 60 (t) ©Monkey
Lerner Publications Company, a Business Images/Shutterstock; 60 (cl) ©Everett
Historical/Shutterstock; 60 (b) ©Everett - Art/
division of Lerner Publishing Group, Shutterstock; 60 (bg) ©tsyhun/Shutterstock; 61 (|)
Inc. ©The Patriot Ledger; 61 (r) ©Herbert Orth/Time
& Life Pictures/Getty Images; 61 (bg) ©tsyhun/
Wild Weather by Thomas Kingsley
Shutterstock; 62 (|) ©Everett - Art/Shutterstock; 62
Troupe, illustrated by Jamey Christoph. (r) OMonkey Business Images/Shutterstock; 62 (bg)

208
©tsyhun/Shutterstock; 63 ©Randy Duchaine/Alamy; ONicolasMcComber/iStock/Getty Images Plus/
63 (bg) ©tsyhun/Shutterstock; 64 (t) OMonkey Getty Images; 169 (tr) ©tawatchaiprakobkit/
Business Images/Shutterstock; 64 (bl) ©Photo iStockphoto/Getty Images; 171 (tr)
Researchers, Inc/Alamy; 64 (br) OSTILLFX/ ©tawatchaiprakobkit/iStockphoto/Getty Images;
Shutterstock; 64 (bg) ©tsyhun/Shutterstock; 65 (I) 176 ©Yuliya Evstratenko/Shutterstock; 190 (inset)
©Photo Researchers, Inc/Alamy; 65 (r) ©PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 192 (b) ©Sci-Tech
©jorgeantonio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; 65 (bg) Discoveries; 193 (tr) OMinerva Studio/Shutterstock,
©tsyhun/Shutterstock; 66 (|) OGeorge Rinhart/ ©Mariyana M/Shutterstock, ©PhotoDisc/Getty
Corbis Historical/Getty Images; 66 (r) OMonkey Images, ©Dudarev Mikhail/Shutterstock; 194
Business Images/Shutterstock; 66 (bg) Otsyhun/ (inset) ©SusaZoom/Shutterstock; 194 (bg) ©s_oleg/
Shutterstock; 67 ©Marie Hansen/The LIFE Picture Shutterstock; 195 ©lndia Picture/Shutterstock; 196
Collection/Getty Images; 68 (|) ©Bettmann/Getty (t) ©FXQuadro/Shutterstock; 196 (b) ©PhotoDisc/
Images; 68 (r) ONikreates/Alamy; 68 (bg) ©tsyhun/ Getty Images; 197 (t) ©Weronica Ankarorn/
Shutterstock; 69 (bg) ©tsyhun/Shutterstock, (r) Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 197 (b) ©Mila
©Everett Collection Inc/Alamy, (|) OC. M. Battey/ Supinskaya Glashchenko/Shutterstock; 198 (t)
Kean Collection/Getty Images; 71 (bg) ©tsyhun/ ©Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 198 (b) ©Photodisc/
Shutterstock, (r) ©Everett Collection Inc/Alamy, (|) Getty Images; 199 (b) ©Corbis; 199 (t) ©Blend
©C. M. Battey/Kean Collection/Getty Images; 76 Images/Kris Timken/Getty Images; 200 (t) ©Alistair
(b) Courtesy Barack Obama Presidential Library; Berg/Getty Images; 200 (b) ©Indersen Ross/Getty
76 (|) ©Craig F. Walker/Denver Post/Getty Images; Images; 201 (b) ©vincent abbey/Alamy; 201 (t)
77 (t) ONatalT/Shutterstock; 78 (I) ©Chicogo ©SJ Allen/Shutterstock; 202 (t) O©Blend Images/
Tribune/Tribune News Service/Getty Images; 78 (r) Alamy Images; 202 (b) ©Castleski/Shutterstock;
@Herman Lumanog/Corbis News/Getty Images; 203 (b) ©Pixel Embargo/Shutterstock; 203 (t)
78 (bg) ©NataLT/Shutterstock; 79 ©Fotolia; 79 ©Digital Vision/Getty Images; 204 (b) ©Tatiana
(inset) ONataLT/Shutterstock; 80 O©Hero Images/ Mirlin/Shutterstock; 204 (t) ©Shutterstock; 205 (b)
Getty Images; 80 (bg) ©NatalT/Shutterstock; 81 ©Duplass/Shutterstock; 205 (+) ©Paul Higley/
©Brian Baer/Sacramento Bee/ZUMAPRESS.com/ Shutterstock; 206 (t) ©Lisa F. Young/Shutterstock;
Alamy Live News; 82 (b) ©Monkey Business 206 (b) ©Tom Le Goff/Getty Images
Images/Shutterstock; 82 (t) ONataLT/Shutterstock;
83 (tr) Courtesy Barack Obama Presidential
Library; 85 (tr) Courtesy Barack Obama
Presidential Library; 86 ©Jane Kelly/Shutterstock;
87 ©Jane Kelly/Shutterstock; 88 ©Jane Kelly/
Shutterstock; 90 (bg) ©popular business/
Shutterstock; 90 (!) ODmytro Zinkevych/
Shutterstock; 91 (b) ©Jib Jab Bros. Studios; 91 (c)
©Jib Jab Bros. Studios; 92 (b) ©Jib Jab Bros.
Studios; 93 (tr) ©Jib Jab Bros. Studios; 93 (tr)
©popular business/Shutterstock; 93 (tr) ©Jib Jab
Bros. Studios; 94 ©Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images/
Getty Images; 95 ©Pressmaster/Shutterstock; 96
©DeepDesertPhoto/RooM/Getty Images; 96
©DeepDesert Photo/RooM/Getty Images; 158
©tawatchaiprakobkit/iStockphoto/Getty Images;
158 (inset) ©dmac/Alamy; 160 (tr) ©Jupiterimages/
Comstock Premium/Alamy Images; 160 (b) OGetty
Images; 160 (t!) ©duntaro/Shutterstock; 161 ©Red
monkey/Shutterstock; 161 (inset) Samuel Borges
Photography/Shutterstock; 162 (bg) Odjgis/
Shutterstock; 162 (tl) Oduntaro/Shutterstock; 163
(inset) Oswa182/Shutterstock; 164 (bg)
©LynnKHansen/iStock/Getty Images Plus; 164 (br)
©Erik S Lesser/EPA/NewsCom; 164 (tl) ©duntaro/
Shutterstock; 165 (I) ©EvgeniiAnd/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; 165 (tr) OND700/Shutterstock; 165 (b)
Ariel Skelley/Blend Images/Corbis Images/Getty
Images; 166 (bg) ©Pavliha/E+/Getty Images; 166
(t) ©duntaro/Shutterstock; 167 (inset) ©Andrew
McConnell/Robert Harding/Getty Images; 168
©Stargazer/Shutterstock; 168 (inset)

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