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SQL

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chintu chintu
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11 views

SQL

Uploaded by

chintu chintu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CREATING AN XTRA COUMN ;

1) create table ch(no int,name varchar(30),salary float); =insert into ch values(1,("chintu"),'2000');

2)alter table ch add value decimal;= update ch set no="1" where value="200";

3)

CREATING AN XTRA COUMN;

alter table grees2 add eduction varchar(20);

ADDING VSLES IN CREATEED COLUMN;

update grees2 set no="1" where eduction="btech";

aggrigate functions

1) count ;

select count(sname) from hero;

for counting the duplicate vakues in the entire colmn

select max(ssalary) as mimimummarks from hero; to show the title column name which we have to
specify asa minimiumvalue

select count(distinct sname) from hero;

2) sum;

select sum(ssalary) from hero;

select sum(ssalary) as sumofmarks from hero;

3) min;

select min(ssalary) from hero;

select min(ssalary) as mimimummarks from hero;

4)max;

select max(ssalary) from hero;

select max(ssalary) as maximummarks from hero;

5) avg;

select avg(ssalary) from hero;

select avg(ssalary) as averagemarks from hero;

SQL----

sql clauses;

1) where clause
select * from villian where amount='20000';

2) distinct

select * from villian distinct amount='20000';

3) from

select * from villian from amount='20000';

4) order by

select * from villian order by name;

5) group by

select name,count(*)from villian group by name;

6)having ;

select count(no),age from grees2 group by age having count(no) <30;

The following SQL statement lists the number of customers in each country.
Only include countries with more than 5 customers:
SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country

FROM Customers

GROUP BY Country

HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) < 6;

LIKE: 26-7-2024

1) FIRST LETTER:

Select * from grees2 where sname like “%u”;

IF % positioned in front of c it will be in first letter =”c%”:chintu

If % positioned in last of letter it will execute lasted name=”%u”:chintu

If % is attached with the some of the letters in the name it will execute full as=”%chi”:chintu
a)Select * from grees2 where sname like “c____u”;

b)Select * from grees2 where sname like “c%u”;

29-7-24

Any: any operator works like comparing the value of table to each valiue in the result table

Syntax; Select columns from tablename where columnname=any(sub query);

Eg-Select * from staff where stname = any(select sname from student);

JOINS
INNER JOIN:

INNER join used to return onley those resilts from the table thst matches the specified condition and
hide other row and colomn

Select * from table 1 inner join table2 where condition;

Select * from table1,table 2 where condition;

>select * from staff cross join student on staff.age=student.age;

>select * from staff left outer join student on staff.age=student.age union select * from staff right
outer join student on staff.age=student.age;

CHECK ( ) :

Syntax : create table table name (column


datatype,columname2,datatype, check(condition));

Ex:

Create table student (sno int,sname varchar(20),sage


int,check(sage>18));
Definition;

Check is used to insert the data basedon condition check is


used in creation of table

DEAFULT:

Syntax : create table tablename(columnname


datatype,columnname datatype default value);

Ex:

Create table student(sno int,sname varchar(20) default 0);

Defult value is used to assign default value in place of mall

Union :

Union is used to combine two tables values without duplicates

SYN ;

Select colmnname from tablename2;

2)union all:

It is used to combine two tables values with duplicates also

SYN:

select sname from student union all select sname from staff;

3)intersect :

It is used to combine the both tables based on common values

SYN :

select sname from student intersect select sname from staff;


DATA INTEGRITY :

1)Entity integrity : It specifies that there should be no duplicate rows in table

2) Domain integrity : it enforce valied entries for a given column by restrating the type, the

format, or the range of value


Ex- CHECK()
4) refrention integrity : it specifies that rows can’t be deleted which are used by other records
EX- FOREIGNNKEY
5) User define integrity :it encodes some specific business rules that are declared by users. this rules
are different forms ; entity, domain or refention

STRING FUNCTIONS 05/08/2024

1) ASCII ( ) : select ASCII( 'a' );-- select ascii


2) CHAR_LENGHT ( ) : select char_length ("tarun");
3) CONCAT( ) : select concat ("tarun","lavayna");
4) INSERT ( ) : select insert ('tarun',2,2,'ud');
5) LCASE ( ) : select lcase ('TARUN');
6) LEFT ( ) : select left ('tarun', 3);
7) LENGTH ( ) : select length ('tarun');
8) LOWER ( ) : select lower ('TARUN');
9) LTRIM() : select ltrim (‘ tharun’);
10) POSITION ( ) : select position(‘t’ in ‘tharun’);
11) REPEAT ( ) : select repeat ('tarun',6);
12) REPLACE ( ) : select replace ('tarun','aru','wat');
13) REVERSE ( ) : select reverse ('tarun');
14) RIGHT ( ) select right ('tarun', 3);
15) RTRIM ( ) : select rtrim('tarun ');
16) STRCMP ( ) : select strcmp('tarun','tarun');
17) SUBSTRING ( ) : select substring('tarun',2,4);
18) SUBSTR ( ) : select substr('tarun',2,4);
19) TRIM ( ) :
20) UCASE ( ) : select ucase ('tarun');
21) UPPER ( ) : select upper ('tharun');
MATH FUNCTIONS :

1) ABS : ‘ABSOLUTE VALUE’- select abs (-12.5)


2) AVG:
3) COUNT :select count (column) from tablename-
4) DEGREE : select degrees (27.5); which gives an degrees value
5) CEIL : select ceil (27.89); which gives an upper value
6) FLOOR : select floor (27.89); which gives an lowewr value
7) GRATEST : select greatest(20,40,2000,54545454);which gives
greatest value
8) LEAST : select least(20,40,2000,54545454);which gives lowest
value
9) EXP : Select exp(30); give exponential value
10) LOG : select log (20); shows log

11) LOG 10 :

10)LOG 2 :

12) MAX : select max(salary)from staff;


13) MIN : : select min(salary)from staff;
14) MOD : select mod(10,20);
15) PI : select PI();
16) POWER : select power (2,10);
17) ROUND : select round(20.9);
18) SQRT : select sqrt(64);
19) SUM :select sum(10,20,20);

DATE AND TIME FIUNCTIONS :


1) SELECT DAY : (‘2024-06-2023’); - //23
2) Adddate: select adddate(“2024-06-12”interval 3 day); it will
shift to 3 days xtra .
3) Addtime: select addtime(“2024-06-12”,”00:15:15”)
4) Current-date: select current_date();
5) Current-time: select current_time();
6) Select dayname : (‘2024-06-2023’); - //sunday
7) Select hour : (‘2024-06-2023 04:30 ’); - //9
8) Select current_timestamp ( ); : 2024-06-2023 15:26:12
9) Select quarter (‘2024-06-09’);-//2
10) Select week day (‘2024-06-17’);//2
11) Select week(“2024-09-06”);
12) Select last-day(“2024-08-06”);

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