FON: HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION ASSIGNMENT

ADMISSION NUMBER: GN/2024A/058

QUESTION 1. Describe in detail the hospital and ward organization on a professional nurse and the role
in which you can play.

HOSPITAL ORGANIZATION

Administrative Structure:

 Board of Directors: Highest governing body, responsible for strategic decisions and financial
oversight.
 Executive Management: Includes CEO, CFO, CNO (Chief Nursing Officer), and other executives
overseeing various departments like finance, operations, HR, and nursing.
 Clinical Structure:Medical Staff: Physicians, surgeons, and specialists who provide medical care.
 Nursing Staff: Includes Registered Nurses (RNs), Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), and Nursing
Assistants.
 Allied Health Professionals: Physical therapists, occupational therapists, radiologists, and
laboratory technicians.
 Support Services:Administrative Support: HR, finance, billing, and IT.
 Facility Management: Maintenance, housekeeping, and security.Supply Chain: Procurement and
management of medical supplies and equipment.

WARD ORGANIZATION

Ward organization in a healthcare setting involves managing various aspects to ensure efficient patient
care. Key components include:

 Patient Flow and Bed Management: Assigning beds based on patient needs and available
resources, ensuring timely admissions, discharges, and transfers.
 Staffing: Ensuring adequate staffing levels with appropriate skill mix to meet patient needs.
 Vital Sign Monitoring: Vital sign monitoring is a crucial aspect of patient care! It involves
regularly tracking and recording a patient's:

1. Temperature, 2. Pulse, 3. Blood Pressure, 4. Respiratory Rate, 5. Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

Additionally, other vital signs may be monitored depending on the patient's condition, such as:

1. Pain level, 2. Level of consciousness, 3. Urine output

Effective vital sign monitoring helps: 1. Identify potential complications early, 2. Track patient progress,
3. Guide treatment decisions, 4. Enhance patient safety

Frequency of monitoring varies based on patient acuity and stability. For example: 1. Stable patients:
every 4-8 hours, 2. Unstable patients: every 1-2 hours, 3. Critically ill patients: continuously
Accurate documentation and timely notification of abnormalities to healthcare providers are essential.

 Documentation and Records: Maintaining accurate and up-to-date patient records for continuity
of care.
 Medication Management: Proper storage, administration, and documentation of medications.
 Perform Diagnostic Tests: To perform a diagnostic test, the nurse must verify the test order,
prepare the patient and equipment, explain the procedure, and obtain consent. During the test,
they follow protocols, monitor the patient, and ensure accurate technique. Post-test, they
provide care, document results, communicate with the healthcare team, and educate the
patient about the results and any follow-up actions. The nurse's role includes assessment,
execution, advocacy, documentation, communication, and ensuring appropriate follow-up care.
 Infection Control: Implementing protocols to prevent and control infections.Communication:
Effective communication among healthcare team members, patients, and families.
 Supplies and Equipment: Ensuring availability and maintenance of necessary medical supplies
and equipment.
 Patient Safety: Implementing measures to prevent falls, medication errors, and other potential
risks.
 Cleanliness and Environment: Maintaining a clean and safe environment for patients and staff.

ROLES OF A PROFESSIONAL NURSE

A. Direct Patient Care: Assessment and Planning: Conducting patient assessments, developing care
plans, and setting goals for patient care.

B. Implementation: Administering medications, providing wound care, and performing procedures.

C. Evaluation and Patient Advocacy: Monitoring patient progress, evaluating outcomes, and adjusting
care plans as necessary and acting as a liaison between patients and other healthcare providers.
Ensuring patients' rights are respected and their needs are met.

D. Education and Counseling: Educating patients and their families about health conditions, treatments,
and preventive care. Providing emotional support and counseling to patients and families.

E. Coordination of Care: Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive

care. Coordinating discharge planning and follow-up care.

F. Professional Development: Engaging in continuing education and professional development

activities.Participating in research and quality improvement initiatives.

QUESTION 2. How do you see a patient/client in the community health institution and a member of the
family?

In a community health institution, the approach to seeing a patient or client often involves a more
holistic and community-focused perspective compared to an acute care setting. Here's how you might
view and approach both the patient/client and their family:
 PATIENT/CLIENT

1. Holistic Care: Assess the physical, mental, emotional, and social health of the patient. Consider their
overall well-being and quality of life.

2. Individualized Care Plans: Develop care plans that are tailored to the patient's unique needs and
circumstances, considering their home environment and community resources.

3. Preventive Care: Focus on health promotion and disease prevention through education, screenings,
and immunizations.

4. Chronic Disease Management: Provide support and management strategies for chronic conditions to
improve long-term health outcomes.

5. Empowerment and Self-Management: Educate and empower patients to take an active role in
managing their health and making informed decisions.

6. Cultural Sensitivity: Respect and accommodate the cultural, religious, and personal beliefs of the
patient.

FAMILY

1. Support and Education: Provide education and support to family members to help them understand
the patient's condition and care needs.

2. Involvement in Care: Encourage family involvement in the care plan, ensuring they are informed and
capable of providing necessary support.

3. Emotional Support: Offer emotional support to family members who may be experiencing stress or
anxiety related to the patient's health.

4. Resource Connection: Connect families with community resources, support groups, and services that
can assist them.

5. Communication: Maintain open and effective communication with family members, ensuring they are
part of the decision-making process.

6. Respite Care: Provide information on respite care options to give family caregivers a break and
prevent caregiver burnout.

By adopting this approach, healthcare providers in community health institutions can ensure
comprehensive and compassionate care that supports both the patient and their family.

QUESTION 3. Outline and discuss the principles and techniques of health education and the role of the
nurse.
Health education is a crucial aspect of nursing, aiming to inform and empower individuals and
communities to make healthier choices. Here are the key principles and techniques of health education
and the role of the nurse:

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

1. Participation: Engage individuals and communities actively in the learning process to ensure relevance
and effectiveness.

2. Empowerment: Focus on empowering people to take control of their health by providing knowledge
and skills.

3. Relevance and comprehensiveness: Tailor health education to the specific needs, culture, and context
of the target audience. Address a wide range of health-related issues, including physical, mental, and
social aspects.

4. Sustainability: Aim for long-term behavior change and sustained health improvements.Evidence-
Based: Use current, accurate, and evidence-based information in all educational activities.

5. Accessibility: Ensure health education is accessible to all, regardless of socioeconomic status,

language, or literacy level.

TECHNIQUES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

1. Individual Education: One-on-one counseling sessions where personalized information and guidance
are provided.

2. Group Education: Workshops, seminars, and support groups where information is shared and
discussed among peers.

3. Community Outreach: Public health campaigns, community events, and mobile clinics to reach larger
populations.

4. Digital Tools and Printed Materials: Online resources, social media, and telehealth platforms to
disseminate information widely and conveniently. Brochures, posters, and handouts that provide
concise and useful information.

5. Interactive Methods: Role-playing, simulations, and hands-on activities that engage participants and
enhance learning.

6. Visual Aids: Use of charts, diagrams, videos, and other visual tools to make complex information more
understandable.
 ROLE OF THE THE NURSE IN HEALTH EDUCATION

1. Educator: Nurses educate patients and communities about health issues, disease prevention, and
healthy lifestyles.

2. Advocate: Nurses advocate for patients’ health needs and access to educational resources and
services.

3. Counselor: Nurses provide counseling and support to help individuals make informed health
decisions.

4. Coordinator and Role Model: Nurses coordinate with other healthcare professionals and community
resources to provide comprehensive education. Nurses serve as role models by demonstrating healthy
behaviors and attitudes.

5. Researcher: Nurses engage in research to develop and evaluate effective health education strategies.

6. Evaluator: Nurses assess the effectiveness of health education programs and modify them as needed
to improve outcomes.

By adhering to these principles and employing various techniques, nurses play a vital role in promoting
health education and improving public health outcomes.