1. Promote a holistic approach to person-centred practice.

‘person-centred care’: is used to refer to many different principles and activities, and there is no
single agreed definition of the concept.

Holistic The term ‘holistic’ means to look at all aspects that make up a person. It means seeing
how all those aspects are integrated and can have an impact on each other. Therefore, we don’t
just view people from one perspective, but we look at all factors, including their thinking
processes and the physical, emotional, social and cultural aspects of who they are. This helps to
provide person-centred care.

Instead of offering a concise but inevitably limited definition, the Health Foundation has
identified a framework that comprises four principles of person-centred care:

1. Affording people dignity, compassion and respect.

2. Offering coordinated care, support or treatment.

3. Offering personalised care, support or treatment.

4. Supporting people to recognize and develop their own strengths and abilities to enable them to
live an independent and fulfilling life.

This concept works by combining the professional knowledge of carers/medical staff with the
personal knowledge of the patients own body, values, feelings and capabilities.
This is designed to create a care plan that is tailored to each individual and is delivered in a way
that they feel completely comfortable with, as this can often be a big issue when delivering
treatment.
A person-centred approach is where the person is placed at the centre of the service and treated
as a person first. The focus is on the person and what they can do, not their condition or
disability. Support should focus on achieving the person’s aspirations and be tailored to their
needs and unique circumstances.

A person-centred approach:

 Supports the person, at the ‘centre of the service’, to be involved in making decisions about
their life
 Takes into account each person’s life experience, age, gender, culture, heritage, language,
beliefs and identity
 Requires flexible services and support to suit the person’s wishes and priorities
 Is strengths based, where people are acknowledged as the experts in their life with a focus on
what they can do first, and any help they need second
 Includes the person’s support networks as partners.
A person-centred approach should support and enable a person to build and keep control over
their life.
 Practical Approaches to delivering person centred care
1. What is a person-centred approach?
A person-centred approach is more of a vague term that isn’t exclusive to care. It is an approach
that can be used for many different sectors such as education, law, schools, universities, mental
health facilities, care homes and many more establishments.
It follows the same values and principles as person-centred care, but simply follows different
paths depending on the context it is in.
To get a better understanding, here are the outlines of this approach compared to a service/
system centred approach:
 Talking with the individual rather than about them.
 Planning and brainstorming with the individual rather than doing it for them.
 Procedures are put in place to support the individual rather than for the benefit of the service.
 Focus is put on the abilities and skills of the individual rather than the labels, statistics and
diagnosis.

2. Person Centred Care Planning

As with any care giving method, person centred care requires a lot of planning and thorough risk
analysis. However, this approach may take a little more communication as it requires a lot of
input from the patient.
This doesn’t mean they completely determine the course of action or have the final say, but their
contribution should have an impact on the planning.
Throughout the planning stage the patient’s opinions and input should be listened to and
respected. The professional should try their best to incorporate their suggestions and work
towards a plan that is efficient for everyone.
Being person-centred also places a lot of importance on using the appropriate communication
methods. Not all patients will feel comfortable giving their opinions and input or may feel out of
their depth when discussing what’s best for recovery.
Another factor to consider is that the patient may have physical or mental injuries that require
other methods of communication. When following a person-centred care plan, it is vital to seek
out the best method by discussing with the individual, their support system and other
professionals that they are working with.
 Examples of person-centred care Approaches
There are many ways this approach can be intertwined with everyday life for a patient or carer.
Whether they make a small difference or a big one, there are many different routes you can take
to this method of care.
Of course, it depends on the patient, type of injury, treatment and other factors, but here are some
examples to give you an idea:
 Being given a choice at meal time as to what food they would like.
 Deciding together what the patient is going to wear that day, taking into account practicality and
their preferences.
 Altering the patients bed time and wake up time depending on when they feel most productive.
 Finding a way to give the patient treatment in their own home if this is where they feel most
comfortable.
 Providing tools and devices so that the patient can perform everyday tasks on their own, such as
a seat in the shower or an extending device that aids in putting shoes on.

Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses:

1. Nurses practice in a safe and competent manner.

2. Nurses practice in accordance with the standards of the profession and broader health system.

3. Nurses practice and conduct themselves in accordance with laws relevant to the profession and
practice of nursing.

4. Nurses respect the dignity, culture, ethnicity, values and beliefs of people receiving care and
treatment, and of their colleagues.

5. Nurses treat personal information obtained in a professional capacity as private and

confidential.

6. Nurses provide impartial, honest and accurate information in relation to nursing care and
health care products.
7. Nurses support the health, wellbeing and informed decision-making of people requiring or
receiving care.

8. Nurses promote and preserve the trust and privilege inherent in the relationship between
nurses and people receiving care.

9. Nurses maintain and build on the community’s trust and confidence in the nursing profession.

10. Nurses practice nursing reflectively and ethically

Code of Professional Conduct:

1. Nurses practise in a safe and competent manner

Explanation

1. Nurses are personally accountable for the provision of safe and competent nursing care. It is
the responsibility of each nurse to maintain the competence necessary for current practice.
Maintenance of competence includes participation in ongoing professional development to
maintain and improve knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant to practice in a clinical,
management, education or research setting.

2. Nurses are aware that undertaking activities not within their scopes of practice may
compromise the safety of persons in their care. These scopes of practice are based on each
nurse’s education, knowledge, competency, extent of experience and lawful authority.

3. Nurses, reasonably and in good faith, advise their immediate supervisors or employers of the
scopes of their practice including any limitations.

4. When an aspect of care is delegated, nurses ensure the delegation does not compromise the
safety or quality of care of people.

5. Nurses practise in a safe and competent manner that is not compromised by personal health
limitations, including the use of alcohol or other substances that may alter a nurse’s capacity to
practise safely at all times. Nurses whose health threatens their capacity to practise safely and
competently have a responsibility to seek assistance to redress their health needs. This may
include making a confidential report to an appropriate authority.

Conduct Statement 2

2. Nurses practise in accordance with the standards of the profession and broader
health system

Explanation

1. Nurses are responsible for ensuring the standard of their practice conforms to professional
standards developed and agreed by the profession, with the object of enhancing the safety of
people in their care as well as their partners, family members and other members of the
person’s nominated network. This responsibility also applies to the nurses’ colleagues.

2. Nurses practise in accordance with wider standards relating to safety and quality in health
care and accountability for a safe health system, such as those relating to health
documentation and information management, incident reporting and participation in adverse
event analysis and formal open disclosure procedures.

3. Nurses’ primary responsibility is to provide safe and competent nursing care. Any
circumstance that may compromise professional standards, or any observation of
questionable, unethical or unlawful practice, should be made known to an appropriate person
or authority. If the concern is not resolved and continues to compromise safe and competent
care, nurses must intervene to safeguard the individual and, after exhausting internal
processes, may notify an appropriate authority external to their employer organisation.

4. Nurses recognise their professional position and do not accept gifts or benefits that could
be viewed as a means of securing the nurses’ influence or favour.

Conduct Statement 3
 3. Nurses practise and conduct themselves in accordance with laws relevant to the
profession and practice of nursing.

Explanation

1. Nurses are familiar with relevant laws8 and ensure they do not engage in clinical or other
practices prohibited by such laws or delegate to others activities prohibited by those laws. 2.
Nurses witnessing the unlawful conduct of colleagues and other co-workers, whether in clinical,
management, education or research areas of practice,9 have both a responsibility and an
obligation to report such conduct to an appropriate authority and take other appropriate action as
necessary to safeguard people and the public interest. 3. Where nurses make a report of unlawful
or otherwise unacceptable conduct to their employers, and that report has failed to produce an
appropriate response from the employers, nurses are entitled and obliged to take the matter to an
appropriate external authority.10 4. Nurses respect the possessions and property of persons
people in their care and those of their colleagues, and are stewards of the resources of their
employing organisations.

Conduct Statement 4

4. Nurses respect the dignity, culture, ethnicity, values and beliefs of people receiving
care and treatment, and of their colleagues.

Explanation

1. In planning and providing effective nursing care, nurses uphold the standards of culturally
informed and competent care. This includes according due respect and consideration to the
cultural knowledge, values, beliefs, personal wishes and decisions of the persons being cared
for as well as their partners, family members and other members of their nominated social
 network. Nurses acknowledge the changing nature of families and recognise families can be
constituted in a variety of ways.

2. Nurses promote and protect the interests of people receiving treatment and care. This
includes taking appropriate action to ensure the safety and quality of their care is not
compromised because of harmful prejudicial attitudes about race, culture, ethnicity, gender,
sexuality, age, religion, spirituality, political, social or health status, lifestyle or other human
factors.

3. Nurses refrain from expressing racist, sexist, homophobic, ageist and other prejudicial and
discriminatory attitudes and behaviours toward colleagues, co-workers, persons in their care
and their partners, family and friends. Nurses take appropriate action when observing any
such prejudicial and discriminatory attitudes and behaviours, whether by staff, people
receiving treatment and care or visitors, in nursing and related areas of health and aged care.

4. In making professional judgements in relation to a person’s interests and rights, nurses do

not contravene the law or breach the human rights of any person, including those deemed
stateless such as refugees, asylum seekers and detainees

Conduct Statement 5

5. Nurses treat personal information obtained in a professional capacity as private and

confidential

Explanation

The treatment of personal information should be considered in conjunction with the Guidelines
to the National Privacy Principles 2001, which support the Privacy Act 1988 (Cwth). Many
jurisdictions also have legislation and policies relating to privacy and confidentiality of personal
health information including health care records.

1. Nurses have ethical and legal obligations to protect the privacy of people requiring and
receiving care. This encompasses treating as confidential information gained in the course of the
relationship between those persons and nurses and restricting the use of the information gathered
for professional purposes only.

2. Nurses, where relevant, inform a person that in order to provide competent care, it is
necessary to disclose information that may be important to the clinical decisionmaking by other
members of a health care team or a nominated carer.

3. Nurses where practicable, seek consent from the persons requiring or receiving care or their
representatives before disclosing information. In the absence of consent, nurses use professional
judgement regarding the necessity to disclose particular details, giving due consideration to the
interests, wellbeing, health and safety of the person in their care. Nurses recognise that they may
be required by law to disclose certain information for professional purposes.

Conduct Statement 6

6. Nurses provide impartial, honest and accurate information in relation to nursing

care and health care products

Explanation

1. When nurses provide advice about any care or product, they fully explain the advantages
and disadvantages of alternative care or products so individuals can make informed choices.
Nurses refrain from engaging in exploitation, misinformation or misrepresentation with
regard to health care products and nursing care.

2. Nurses accurately represent the nature of their services or the care they intend to provide.

3. Where a specific care or a specific product is advised, nurses ensure their advice is based
on adequate knowledge and not on commercial or other forms of gain. Deceptive
endorsement of products or services or receipt of remuneration for products or services
primarily for personal gain, other than remuneration in the course of a proper commercial
relationship, is improper.

Conduct Statement 7
 7. Nurses support the health, wellbeing and informed decisionmaking of people
requiring or receiving care.

Explanation

1. Nurses inform the person requiring nursing care and, where that person wishes, their
nominated family members, partners, friends or health interpreter, of the nature and purpose of
recommended nursing care, and assist the person to make informed decisions about that care.

2. In situations where a person is unable or unwilling to decide or speak independently, nurses

endeavour to ensure their perspective is represented by an appropriate advocate, including when
the person is a child.

Conduct Statement 8

8. Nurses promote and preserve the trust and privilege inherent in the relationship
between nurses and people receiving care.

Explanation

1. An inherent power imbalance exists within the relationship between people receiving care and
nurses that may make the persons in their care vulnerable and open to exploitation. Nurses
actively preserve the dignity of people through practised kindness and respect for the
vulnerability and powerlessness of people in their care. Significant vulnerability and
powerlessness can arise from the experience of illness and the need to engage with the health
care system. The power relativities between a person and a nurse can be significant, particularly
where the person has limited knowledge; experiences pain and illness; needs assistance with
personal care; belongs to a marginalised group; or experiences an unfamiliar loss of self-
determination. This vulnerability creates a power differential in the relationship between nurses
and persons in their care that must be recognised and managed.

2. Nurses take reasonable measures to establish a sense of trust in people receiving care that their
physical, psychological, emotional, social and cultural wellbeing will be protected when
receiving care. Nurses recognise that vulnerable people, including children, people with
disabilities, people with mental illness and frail older people in the community, must be
protected from sexual exploitation and physical harm.

3. Nurses have a responsibility to maintain a professional boundary between themselves and the
person being cared for, and between themselves and others, such as the person’s partner and
family and other people nominated by the person to be involved in their care.

4. Nurses fulfil roles outside the professional role, including those as family members, friends
and community members. Nurses are aware that dual relationships may compromise care
outcomes and always conduct professional relationships with the primary intent of benefit for the
person receiving care. Nurses take care when giving professional advice to people with whom
they have a dual relationship (e.g. a family member or friend) and advise them to seek
independent advice due to the existence of actual or potential conflicts of interest.

5. Nurses should not be required to provide nursing care to persons with whom they have a pre-
existing nonprofessional relationship, reassignment of the persons to other nurses for care should
be sought where possible.

6. Nurses take all reasonable steps to ensure the safety and security of the possessions and
property of persons requiring and receiving care.
Conduct Statement 9

9. Nurses maintain and build on the community’s trust and confidence in the nursing
profession.

Explanation

1. The conduct of nurses maintains and builds public trust and confidence in the profession at all
times.

2. The unlawful and unethical actions of nurses in their personal lives risk adversely affecting
both their own and the profession’s good reputation and standing in the eyes of the public. If the
good standing of either individual nurses or the profession were to diminish, this might
jeopardise the inherent trust between the nursing profession and the public necessary for
effective therapeutic relationships and the effective delivery of nursing care.

3. Nurses consider the ethical interests of the nursing profession and the community when
exercising their right to freedom of speech and participating in public, political and academic
debate, including publication.

Conduct Statement 10

10. Nurses practice nursing reflectively and ethically

Explanation

Reflect to think over your experiences in a way that will help you to learn for the future. This
may mean you think about how you approach a situation differently next time or a strategy
you will use again because it worked well.
 1. Nurses practise nursing reflectively and ethically, in accordance with the Code of Ethics
for Nurses in Jordan, in order to learn from experience and contribute to personal and
professional practice.

2. Nurses develop and maintain appropriate and current quality nursing advice, support and
care for each person requiring and receiving care and their partners, families and other
members of their nominated social network. This responsibility also applies to colleagues of
nurses.

3. Nurses evaluate their conduct and competency according to the standards of the nursing
profession.

4. Nurses contribute to the professional development of students and colleagues.

5. Nurses participating in research do so in accordance with recognised research guidelines

and do not violate their duty of care to persons receiving nursing care.

6. Nurses advise employers and any persons in their care of any reduction in their capacity to
practice due to health, social or other factors, while they seek ways of redressing the
problem.

What is Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion?

Equality means ensuring everyone in your setting has equal opportunities, regardless of their
abilities, their background or their lifestyle.

Diversity means appreciating the differences between people and treating people’s values,
beliefs, cultures and lifestyles with respect.

Inclusion: is ‘being included within either a group or society as a whole’. Inclusion links with
diversity and equality. It is important to understand someone’s differences so that you can
include them and treat them equally and fairly. People can feel excluded if they are not able to
join in with activities. Excluding people because of their differences is known as
‘discrimination’. All workers in health and social care must make sure that they work in an
inclusive way to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to take part when they want to. This is
especially true about people taking part in their own care and support so that it is truly centred on
them as a person.

How to Promote Equality & Diversity in Health & Social Care

Equality and diversity are essential components of health and social care. Good equality and
diversity practices make sure that the services provided to people are fair and accessible to
everyone.

They ensure that people are treated as equals, that people get the dignity and respect they
deserve and that their differences are celebrated. Equality and diversity shouldn’t be seen as
bonus benefits to your health or social care setting but more as integral constituents.

In a health and social care environment, it’s important that equality and diversity are at the heart
of what you do. Your patients and service users are individual people. That their diverse needs
are met and ensure that they have equal access to the services you provide.

This is particularly important for adults in need who, because of a disability, illness or their age,
are unable to take adequate care of themselves and keep themselves from harm.

Promoting equality and diversity in the workplace is primarily concerned with

preventing discrimination .

In order to promote equality and diversity in health or social care setting, everyone on team
needs to be fully understanding of the relevant legislation, principles and practices. Without the
basic knowledge of equality and diversity, it can be difficult to get people to promote and
support it.

Firstly, does setting have an equality and diversity policy? If so, make sure all nurses have read
it and then circulate it around team. Ensure that everyone is appropriately trained in Equality
and Diversity, the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards.

Next, encourage staff members to think about what matters to each person in your
setting. What are each person’s values and goals? What does each individual need to attain their
values and goals? If you and your fellow workers keep these questions in mind then the care you
provide will always be in the individual’s best interests and you’ll always be keeping equality
and diversity matters at the forefront.

Ways of working that reduce the likelihood of discrimination You can reduce the chances of
discrimination happening by the way that you work. As a health or social care worker it is
your duty to work in ways that promote: equality diversity inclusion. These principles
should be included into everything that you do.

To achieve this, you should:

1. Respect diversity by providing person-centred care treat the individuals you support as
unique rather than treating all individuals in the same way ensure you work in a non-
judgemental way.

2. Do not allow judgemental beliefs to effect the care and support you provide follow the
agreed ways of working in your workplace to create an environment that is free from
discrimination.
3. Work in an inclusive way that sees the positive input that all individuals can make to
society and to their own care be confident to challenge or confront discriminatory
practice if you see this in your workplace.

Valuing diversity

To work in ways that are inclusive you need to understand and value the things that make
people different. The care and support you provide must be specific to each individual’s
needs, wishes and preferences. It should be person-centred care which builds in the likes and
dislikes, beliefs and personal history of an individual to meet their needs in the best way
possible.

What does involving people in their own health and care mean?

Involving people in their care and treatment means supporting people to manage their own
health and wellbeing on a daily basis. It means supporting them to become involved, as much
as they want or are able to, in decisions about their care and giving them choice and control
over the services they receive.

It means focusing on what matters to the individual within the context of their lives, not
simply addressing a list of conditions or symptoms to be treated.

Why is it important to involve people in their own health and care?

1. Improves health and wellbeing

2. Improves care and quality
3. Improves financial sustainability and enables the efficient allocation of resources
4. Legal duty