Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
22 views

3 - Two Dimensions

Uploaded by

apolloquiver
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

3 - Two Dimensions

Uploaded by

apolloquiver
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

MOTION IN TWO

DIMENSIONS
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion
Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced
by an object or particle that is thrown near the
Earth's surface and moves along a curved path
under the action of gravity only.

In Projectile motion, the effects of air resistance and


the rotation of the Earth are neglected.
Projectile Motion
The path of a projectile in
Earth’s gravity field is curved in
the shape of a parabola.

Trajectory is the path followed


by a projectile motion.

Range is the distance between


the launch point and the point
where the projectile hits the
ground.
Projectile Motion
The most important experimental fact about
projectile motion in two dimensions is that the
horizontal and vertical motions are completely
independent of each other.

This means that motion in one direction has no


effect on motion in the other direction.
Projectile Motion
Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

▪ Motion of a ball ▪ Motion of a freely


rolling freely along a falling object
level surface ▪ Force due to gravity
▪ Horizontal velocity ▪ Vertical component
is ALWAYS constant of velocity changes
with time
Projectile Motion
Factors that
Affect Projectile
Motion
Projectile Motion
Two factors that affect projectile motion are

▪ Initial Velocity, 𝑣0
▪ Projection Angle, 𝜃0

We assume that at time 𝑡 = 0, the projectile leaves


the origin at 𝑣0 . If the velocity vector makes an angle
𝜃0 with the horizontal, 𝜃0 is the projection angle.
Projectile Motion
Components of the initial velocity, can be computed as:

𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃0
𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃0

where:
𝑣0𝑥 is the initial velocity in the x-direction
𝑣0𝑦 is the initial velocity in the y-direction
Projectile Motion
The object’s speed 𝑣 can be calculated from the
components of the velocity using the Pythagorean
theorem:
𝑣= 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2

The angle that the velocity vector makes with the x-


axis is given by:
𝑣
−1 𝑦
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑣𝑥
Two-Dimensional
Motion Equations
Projectile Motion
Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion
Equations Equations
𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃0 𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃0
∆𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣0𝑦 + 𝑔𝑡
1 2
Magnitude and ∆𝑦 = 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
Direction of Velocity 2
𝑣𝑦 2 = (𝑣0𝑦 )2 + 2𝑔∆𝑦
𝑣= 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2
−1
𝑣𝑦
𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑣𝑥
Sample Problem 1
An object is fired from the ground at 𝑣0 = 100
m/s at an angle of 30° with the horizontal.
a) Calculate the horizontal and vertical
components of the initial velocity.
b) After 2 seconds, how far has the object
traveled in the horizontal motion.
c) How high is the object at this point?
Sample Problem 2
A student stands at the edge of a cliff and
throws a stone horizontally over the edge with
a speed of 18.0 m/s. The cliff is 50.0 m above a
flat, horizontal beach.
a) What are the components of the initial
velocity?
b) How long after being released does the
stone strike the beach below the cliff?
c) With what speed and angle of impact does
the stone land?
Sample Problem 3
The best leaper in the animal kingdom is
the puma, which can jump to a maximum
height of 3.70 m when leaving the ground
at an angle of 45°. With what speed must
the animal leave the ground to reach that
height?
Activity 1
[p75/#8] The fastest recorded
pitch in Nippon Professional
Baseball, thrown by Shohei Otani
in 2016, was clocked at 101.9
mi/h. If a pitch were thrown
horizontally at this speed, how far
(in meters) would the ball fall
vertically by the time it reached
home plate, 60.5 ft away?
Activity 1
[p76/#16] An artillery shell is fired with an
initial velocity of 300 m/s at 55.0° above
the horizontal. To clear an avalanche, it
explodes on a mountainside 42.0 s after
firing. What are the x– and y– coordinates
of the shell where it explodes, relative to
its firing point?
End of
Lesson 3
Do you have any questions?
CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik

You might also like