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Recent Development in Indian Politics

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bhandariawadhi31
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47 views

Recent Development in Indian Politics

Notes

Uploaded by

bhandariawadhi31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

What led to the downfall of the Janata Government and holding of fresh Lok Sabha
elections in January, 1980 ? Explain the circumstances.Causes for the downfall of Janata
Government
(i) Janata Party lacked direction, leadership and a common programme.
(ii) Failed to bring about fundamental change in policies pursued by Congress.
(iii) Split in Janata Party and fall of government led by Morarji Desai due to loss of
majority.
(iv) Charan Singh government made with Congress Party support also fell.
Hence fresh Lok Sabha election took place in 1980.
2. What is meant by ‘Era of Coalition’ in India? What circumstances led to this change and
how?
Era of Coalitions
After 1989, the emergence of several political parties was in such a way that no single
party secured a clean majority in the Lok Sabha and therefore the era of coalition govt.
started at the centre. This change came due to the following reasons –
(i) In the election in 1989 the ruling party‘Congress party’ was defeated.
But no party got the majority of seats to form the Govt.
(ii) The Congress Party decided to sit in the opposition.
(iii) The National Front an alliance of Janta Party decided to form the Govt. with help of
two important parties i.e. BJP and the Left Front.
(iv) Although the BJP and the Left Front did not join the Govt, they supported the
National Front led by V.P. Singh from outside.
3. Describe any three elements of growing consensus among most of the political parties of
India after 1989.
Elements of growing consensus
(i) Agreement on new economic policies: Most parties were in support of the new
economic policies and believed that these policies would lead the country to prosperity
and a status of economic power in the world.
(ii) Acceptance of the political and social claims of the backward castes: Political parties
had recognized that the social and political claims of the Backward Castes need to be
accepted and support reservation of seats for OBC in education and employment.
(iii) Acceptance of the role of State level parties in governance of the country: State level
parties were sharing power at the national level and had played a central role in the
country’s politics.
(iv) Emphasis on pragmatic considerations rather than ideological positions and political
alliances without ideological agreement as most parties of the NDA did not agree with
the ‘Hindutava’ ideology of the BJP. Yet, they came together to form a government and
remained in power for a full term.
4. What was Mandal commission? Did it try to solve the problems of others backward
classes? State any two arguments in support of your answer.
Bindeshwari Prasad mandal was the chairperson of Mandal commission set up in
1978 to investigate the extent of educational and social backwardness among various
sections of society & recommended wayto identify these classes.
1. The mandal commission gave its recommendations in 1980
2. The commission advised that backward classes should be understood to mean
backward castes since many castes other than the SCs were also treated as low in castes
hierarchy
3. Reservation 27% seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups
4. It recommended land reforms to improve the condition of OBCs
5. Hence, Mandal commission made recommendations in economic and occupational
structure
6. The government on India accepted recommendations in 1990
7. 27% jobs reservation has been made in central and state governments
8. Many welfare schemes have also been launched as Swarnima National Backward
classes Finance and Development Corporation
5. Write a note on Hindu-Muslim riots in Gujrat
The anti-Muslim riots took place at a station called Godharain 2002 .A fire took place on
a bogey full of karsewaks returning fron Ayodhya. The hand of Muslim was suspected
behind this fire. Widespread violence took place against Muslims in which nearly 1100,
mostly Muslims were killed. Human Rights Commission criticized Gujarat government
role in failing to control violence and provided relief to victims. Gujarat riots show that
the government machinery also become susceptible to passion and alert us the danger
involved in using religious sentiments for political purposes.
6. What happened to the state government after demolition of Babri Masjid?
1. BJP state government was dismissed
2. Alongwith that, other states where the BJP was in power, were also put under
president’s rule
3. A case against CM of UP was register in Supreme Court
7. Explain the salient features of Coalition Governments.
The Salient features of the Coalition governments formed after the fourth general
elections are as follows:-
Unstable-Coalition: Coalition governments were unstable governments Once they had
no inherent Compatibility amongst Constituent parties. They had their own internal
contradictions which led to the breakup not only of various fronts but of government as
well.
Anti Congressism:The main object of the Coalition was to dislodge the congress party
and to break its monopoly. The Prime reason for such a coalition of opposition group was
to oust the congress from power somehow or other.
Political Opportunities:The most important factor in the formation of the coalition was
political opportunitinism. Coalition governments become a game of selfish opportunist,
Power hungry and unscrupulous politician.

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