TEST AND MEASUREMENTS

Chapter 6
TEST

• Presentation of a situation or a series of situation which bring out a specific response or

answer from the subject.
• It is liable to be measured quantitatively and qualitatively.
• A test is a subjective or objective in the realm of an order or a question.

Definitions:

• According to Webster’s: “A tester is a tool to evaluate of the skill knowledge, capacities or

aptitudes of an individual or a group.
• According to H M Barrow and Megee: Test refers to any specific instrument procedure or
technique used by an administrator to elicit a response from the test taker.
• According to Barry L Johnson and Jack Nelson: Test is the form of questioning or measuring
used to access retention of knowledge, capacity or ability of some endeavor.

MEASUREMENT

• The use of tests and techniques to collect information or data about a specific skill or
fitness level of individual.

Various test:

1. Miller volleyball test

2. Johnson basketball test
3. AAHPERD physical fitness test
4. Fitnessgram
• It is response in specific units of measurements such as,
A. Speed in seconds
B. Weight in pounds or KG
C. Height in inches/ meters

Definition

• According to H M Barrow Measurement refers to the process of administrating a test to

obtain quantitative data
• According to Barry L Johnson and Jack Nelson Measurement aids evaluation process in
which various tools and techniques are used in collection of data.

FITNESS TEST (SAI Khelo India fitness test in school)

• If we are healthy and physically fit, we can perform our duties and responsibilities effectively
whether it is personal, social or official.
• Main purpose of this fitness test is to promote “fitness for all”.
• It is a ability to perform activities.
• It is classified into two
1. health related fitness
2. skill or performance related fitness
 BATTERY OF TESTS

AGE GROUP 5-8 YEARS | CLASS 1 to 3 At Primary class 1-3,

Children should acquire Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) leaving the learning

of specific physical activities to later stages. FMS provide the building blocks for

many physical activities, such as playing games, dance, and sport. Locomotor,

Manipulative & Body Management abilities are key to success in most sports and

physical activities. Abilities of children in class 1-3 which need to be measured and

tracked are

1. Body Composition (BMI)

2. Coordination (Plate Tapping)

3. Balance (Flamingo Balance)

Which are important for controlling the body in various situations.

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

https://youtu.be/NJiw11hIKKM?si=hPlLGGwF89Mjh2KP

Purpose: Body Composition refers primarily to the distribution of muscle and fat in the body. Body
size such as height, lengths and girths are also grouped under this component.

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat and Clean surface, Weighing Machine,

Stadiometer/Measuring Tape pasted on a wall

Procedure:

Measuring Height Accurately

Remove the participant’s shoes, bulky clothing, and hair ornaments, and unbraid hair that interferes
with the measurement. Take the height measurement on flooring that is not carpeted and against a
flat surface such as a wall with no moulding. Have the participant stand with feet flat, together, and
back against the wall. Make sure legs are straight, arms are at sides, and shoulders are level. Make
sure the participant is looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel with the floor. Take
the measurement while the participant stands with head, shoulders, buttocks, and heels touching
the flat surface (wall). (See illustration.) Depending on the overall body shape of the participant, all
points may not touch the wall. Use a flat headpiece to form a right angle with the wall and lower the
headpiece until it firmly touches the crown of the head. Make sure the measurer’s eyes are at the
same level as the headpiece. Lightly mark where the bottom of the headpiece meets the wall. Then,
use a metal tape to measure from the base on the floor to the marked measurement on the wall to
get the height measurement. Accurately record the height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter.

Measuring Weight Accurately

Use a digital scale. Avoid using bathroom scales that are springloaded. Place the scale on firm
flooring (such as tile or wood) rather than carpet. Have the participant remove shoes and heavy
clothing, such as sweaters. Have the participant stand with both feet in the center of the scale.
Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction (for example, 25.1 kilograms).
Scoring: The test performed is Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated from body Weight (W) and
height(H). BMI = W / (H x H), where W = body weight in kilograms and H = height in meters. The
higher the score usually indicating higher levels of body fat. Height recorded in cm and mm. Weight
will be recorded in kilogram (kg) and grams (gms). Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction
(for example, 25.1 kilograms). Accurately record the height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter.

PLATE TAPPING TEST

https://youtu.be/sQWLJZd-mUc?si=InM_RR0nWWz9OcbF

Purpose: Tests speed and coordination of limb movement

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Table (adjustable height), 2 yellow discs (20cm diameter),

rectangle (30 x 20 cm), stopwatch

Procedure: If possible, the table height should be adjusted so that the subject is standing
comfortably in front of the discs. The two yellow discs are placed with their centers 60 cm apart on
the table. The rectangle is placed equidistant between both discs. The non-preferred hand is placed
on the rectangle. The subject moves the preferred hand back and forth between the discs over the
hand in the middle as quickly as possible. This action is repeated for 25 full cycles (50 taps).

Scoring: The time taken to complete 25 cycles is recorded

FLAMINGO BALANCE TEST

https://youtu.be/gxh3OiVJbmc?si=9Bb0WoyKhAjU5DhH

Purpose: Ability to balance successfully on a single leg. This single leg balance test assesses the
strength of the leg, pelvic, and trunk muscles as well as Static balance.

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Non-slippery even surface, Stopwatch, can be done while

standing on beam.

Procedure: Stand on the beam. Keep balance by holding the instructor’s hand (if required to start).
While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is flexed at the knee and the foot of this leg held
close to the buttocks. Start the watch as the instructor lets go of the participant/subject. Pause the
stopwatch each time the subject loses balance (either by falling off the beam or letting go of the foot
being held). Resume over, again timing until they lose balance. Count the number of falls in 60
seconds of balancing. If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.

Scoring: The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of balancing is recorded. If there
are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.

AGE GROUP: 9-18+ YEARS | CLASS 4 TO 12 For Class 4 to 12,

it is important for students to have an overall physical fitness. The following Components are to be
considered in Physical Health and Fitness Profile:

1. Body Composition (BMI)

2. Strength a. Abdominal (Partial Curl-up)

b. Muscular Endurance (Push Ups for Boys, Modified Push Ups for Girls)

3. Flexibility (Sit and Reach Test)

4. Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meter Run/Walk)

5. Speed (50 mt. Dash)

ABDOMINAL (PARTIAL CURL-UP)

https://youtu.be/BqIVdguLob0?si=jaMCQfXJLln3jtlY

Purpose: The curl up test measures abdominal muscular strength and endurance of the abdominals
and hip flexors, important in back support and core stability.

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat clean cushioned surface with two parallel strips (6 inches
apart), Stopwatch, Recording sheets, Pen

Procedure: The subject lies on a cushioned, flat, clean surface with knees flexed, usually at 90
degrees, with hands straight on the sides (palms facing downwards) closer to the ground, parallel to
the body. The subject raises the trunk in a smooth motion, keeping the arms in position, curling up
the desired amount (at least 6 inches above/along the ground towards the parallel strip). The trunk is
lowered back to the floor so that the shoulder blades or upper back touch the floor.

Scoring: Record the maximum number of Curl ups in a certain time period (30 seconds)

PUSH UPS (BOYS)/MODIFIED PUSH UPS (GIRLS)

https://youtu.be/8E9oouaUZoM?si=zFJay2NrmPs4abSP

Purpose: Upper body strength endurance, and trunk stability.

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat clean cushioned surface/Gym mat

Procedure: A standard push up begins with the hands and toes touching the floor, the body and legs
in a straight line, feet slightly apart, the arms at shoulder width apart, extended and at a right angles
to the body. Keeping the back and knees straight, the subject lowers the body to a predetermined
point, to touch some other object, or until there is a 90-degree angle at the elbows, then returns
back to the starting position with the arms extended. This action is repeated, and the test continues
until exhaustion, or until they can do no more in rhythm or have reached the target number of push-
ups. For Girls: push-up technique is with the knees resting on the ground.

Scoring: Record the number of correctly completed pushups

50 MTR DASH (STANDING START)

https://youtu.be/zWkjwvriSNc?si=mM64RGoml4Lebfqf

Purpose: Determines acceleration and speed

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Measuring tape or marked track, stopwatch, cone markers, flat
and clear surface of at least 60 metres.

Procedure: A thorough warm up should be given, including some practice starts and accelerations.
Start from a stationary position, with one foot in front of the other. The front foot must be on or
behind the starting line. This starting position should be static (dead start). The tester should provide
hints for maximizing speed (such as keeping low, driving hard with the arms and legs) and
encouraged to continue running hard through the finish line.

Scoring: Time taken for completion

 600 MTR RUN/WALK

https://youtu.be/crl94VaJM84?si=1k_tEzQSxnAlfgIF

Purpose: Cardiovascular Fitness/Cardiovascular Endurance

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Stopwatch, whistle, marker cone, lime powder, measuring tape,
200 or 400 mts with 1.22 mt (minimum 1 mt) width preferably on a flat and even playground with a
marking of starting and finish line.

Procedure: Participants are instructed to run 600 mts. at the fastest possible pace. The participants
begin on signal, “ready, start”. As they cross the finish line, the elapsed time should be announced to
the participants. Walking is permitted but the objective is to cover the distance in the shortest
possible time.

Scoring: Time taken for completion (Run or Walk) in min and sec.

SIT AND REACH

https://youtu.be/zYuLUyQiKR8?si=MybmBWSCplFncape

Purpose: Common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back
and hamstring muscles. This test is important because tightness in this area is implicated in lumbar
lordosis, forward pelvic tilt and lower back pain.

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Sit and Reach box with the following dimensions: 12” x 12”
(sides) 12” x 10” (front and back) 12” x 21” (top). Inscribe the top panel with centimeter/mm
gradations. It is crucial that the vertical plane against which the subject’s feet will be placed is exactly
at the 23 cm mark. Flat clean cushioned surface/Gym Mats

Procedure: This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead. Shoes should
be removed. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the Sit and Reach box. Both knees should be
locked and pressed flat to the floor - the tester may assist by holding them down. With the palms
facing downwards, and hands on top of each other, the subject reaches forward along the measuring
line as far as possible. Ensure that the hands remain at the same level, not one reaching further
forward than the other. After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that position
for at one-two seconds while the distance is recorded. Make sure there are no jerky movements.

Scoring: The score is recorded (difference between initial position and final position), in cm and mm,
as the distance reached by the hand.

Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness

Harvard Step Test

https://youtu.be/raPYVkk81ag?si=SAYCBLu32uYH-cbm

Harvard step test was developed by Brouha in 1943 for the purpose of measuring
physical fitness for work and the ability to recover from work. The test was originally
designed for young men of college age. In the original validation of the step test
Brouha tested 2200 males.

Purpose: To determine aerobic fitness.

Objective: To perform step test continuously without break for 5 minutes or until exhausted.
Equipment: Bench or wooden block 20 inches in height; stopwatch; metronome.

Procedure: Student will start test at the command “Go” and will step up and down,
on and off the wooden block or bench at the rate of 30 steps per minutes for 5
minutes.

Participant is given instructions that on the command ‘up’ or the first sound of the
metronome, he/she should place one foot on the bench; on the second command
‘up’ or the second sound of the metronome, he/she should place both feet fully on
the bench with the body erect straightening the legs and back.
Exactly five minutes of steps, on the signal ‘stop’, the participant immediately sits
down on the bench. If the student is unable to maintain the pace, then she/he is
considered to be exhausted and the test is brought to an end before completion of
5min.

The tester will note the duration of the exercise in seconds and use short formula.

Pulse Count
After completion of the test, the student sits down and the tester takes the hearts
beats between 1 to 1½ minutes.

Scoring: Fitness Index score will be determined by applying following equation:

Duration of the Exercise in Seconds x 100
5.5 x Pulse count of 1 − 1.5 min after Exercise
= Fitness Index score

Norms for Harvard Step Test

Upto 49 Poor
50-80 Average
81 or Above Good

Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories needed to maintain body
function and resting condition. In another words BMR is the number of calories
burnt by the body while performing basic life sustaining functions. That is, a person,
who does not engage in any work, still requires energy for the functioning of their
internal organs. This energy is called Basal Metabolic Rate. Unit of BMR is calculated
in Kcal. There are factors that may affect BMR like Muscle Mass, age, state of mind,
Gender, Genetics, Body composition etc. Environment changes like change in heat
and cold may change the requirement of the body.

Purpose: determine Basal Metabolic Rate

Equipment: Stadiometer, Weight machine, Pen and paper

Procedure: method to measure height and weight is given at BMI

Formula used: The mifflin-St Jeor BMR Equation

Male calculation = (10 * weight(kg.)) + (6.25 * height(cm)) – (5 * age) + 5

Female calculation = (10 * body weight(kg.)) + (6.25 * height(cm)) - (5 * age) – 161

Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test

The senior citizen’s fitness test (SFT) was developed by Rikli and Jones for older
people aged between 60 to 94 years. The purpose of the test was to evaluate
functional ability and monitor the physical fitness status of older people and to
identify problems and work on the weakness. This test should not be practiced
by those who have any medical conditions like chest pain, dizziness, high blood
pressure, heart problems etc. This test is economical and easy to administer. The
test includes the following items:
1. Chair Stand Test for lower body strength

2. Arm Curl Test for upper body strength

3. Chair Sit and Reach Test for lower body flexibility

4. Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility

5. Eight Foot Up and Go Test for agility

6. Six Minute Walk Test for aerobic endurance Source of all Pictures4

CHAIR STAND TEST

https://youtu.be/Hs_C9gVTqQk?si=9oMtHYq0brmanD_h

Purpose: To determine lower body strength.

Objective: To complete maximum stands in 30 seconds.
Equipment: Straight back chair without arms; stopwatch.
Procedure: The chair should be placed against the wall or somewhere where it gets
stabilized.
Initially, the individual will sit on the chair, back straight, arms crossed and feet
firmly on the floor, shoulder width apart.
On the command “Go” the individual will stand up completely, then return back
to the initial position. This will be counted as one stand. The individual should be
motivated to do maximum stands in 30 seconds.

Scoring: Maximum number of complete stands will be counted as score. If the

individual is in half way of the stand and time is over, then it will be counted as a
full stand.
ARM CURL TEST
https://youtu.be/8lQ5fkE-jec?si=W42LAb8WJ6xagI0s

Purpose: To determine upper body strength.

Objective: To complete maximum arm curls in 30 seconds.
Equipment: Straight back chair without arms; Dumbbell
for men- 8 pounds (3.6kgs) and women- 5 pounds (2.3kgs);
stopwatch.
Procedure: The chair should be placed against the wall or
somewhere where it gets stabilized.
The individual sits on the chair with back straight, feet on floor, holing dumbbell
with dominant hand using handshake grip.
On the command “Go” the individual flexes the elbow or curls the arm with full
range of motion then returns back to its initial position.
In the down position dumbbell will return to handshake grip.
The individual can perform as many arm curls as possible in 30 seconds.

Scoring: Maximum number of correct arm curls in 30 second will be counted.

CHAIR SIT AND REACH TEST

https://youtu.be/oJ2cUNhlQVo?si=I0l4BUpYYf3abmx_

Purpose: To determine lower body flexibility.

Objective: To stretch the lower body as far as possible.

Equipment: Straight back chair without arms; 18 inches ruler.

Procedure: The chair should be placed against the wall or somewhere where the
chair gets stabilized.
Participant sits on the chair with one foot flat on the floor and the other leg extended
forward with the knee straight, heel on the floor, and ankle bent at 90°.
The participant, then, tries to touch the toe of that foot by bending at the hip and
sliding her/his hands towards the toes.
To clock score, participant must hold that position for 2 seconds.

Scoring: Measurement will be taken between extended long finger and tip of the toe
and minimum to .5 inches will be recorded as score. If fingers cross the toe, then +
will be indicated before the score and if the participant is unable to touch the toe,
then – sign will be indicated.
BACK STRETCH TEST

https://youtu.be/ot1lRYT89kg?si=vBG8iUT9-7avzBE8

Purpose: To determine upper body flexibility

Objective: To touch or overlap the finger of the both hands behind the back.

Equipment: 18 inches ruler

Procedure: In standing position participant will place one hand over the shoulder
and one hand middle of the back and try to touch or overlap each other.

Scoring: Measurement will be taken by measuring the distance between the tips
of the middle fingers. If the fingertips touch, then the score is zero. If they do not
touch, measure the distance between the finger tips (a negative score), if they
overlap, measure by how much (a positive score).
 EIGHT FOOT UP AND GO TEST

https://youtu.be/a7OROS90yEU?si=IC81qQ51C0_aiky5

Purpose: To determine physical mobility (power, speed, agility and balance).

Objective: To stand and walk 16 feet and sit back as fast as possible (without
running).

Equipment: Straight back chair without arms; cone; stopwatch,

Procedure: A chair should be placed against the wall or somewhere where the chair
get stabilized.
The participant sits on the chair with both feet on the floor.
At the command “Go” he/she walks as fast as possible (not running) and returns
back after walking to and around the cone which is placed 8 ft away from the chair.
There should be enough space around the cone from where participant can take an
easy turn.
Scoring: Two attempts will be made and the best score will be taken for record.
Fastest time taken between command “Go” and return to the chair will be recorded.

MINUTE WALK TEST

https://youtu.be/dhJVekHUkec?si=MYBoMd1R_-u-Sl-j

Purpose: To determine aerobic endurance

Objective: To walk maximum distance in 6 minutes.

Equipment: Walking area of 20 yards each between parallel lines connected with 5
yards lines making rectangles; stopwatch; cone.

Procedure: Participant will start walking after the command “Go” and continuously
walk on the track for 6 minutes.
He /she has to cover maximum distance in 6 minutes but without running.

Scoring: Maximum distance covered in 6 minutes will be recorded as score.

Johnson – Metheny Test of Motor Education

https://youtu.be/cUWub-_AIK8?si=jXwcXVIpjVCtVrwm

Objective: Johnson- Metheny Test battery is revised version of Johnson Educability

Test which was designed in 1932. The purpose of the Johnson battery was to measure
neuromuscular skill capacity which have ten items. In 1938 Methney studied the test
and eliminated six items. The test battery consist of four motor stunts are given
below:
I. Front Roll
II. Back Roll
III. Jumping Half-Turns
IV. Jumping Full- Turns
Four stunts are to be performed by the boys and three stunts for girls.

Test Area: Mat area length is 15 feet and it is 2 feet wide. The 15 feet length
divided in to ten sections for 18” each. The width of transverse line is ¾” and 3”
alternatively. Centre of lines remains 18” apart. Another ¾” wide line is marked
lengthwise in the middle of the mat area.

Procedure:

1. Front Roll: Ignoring the long middle dividing line, the subject is asked to start
outside the marked area and perform two front rolls, one up to 7.5’ i.e. 3” wide
centre line and the second in the other half of 7.5’. The subject is to perform
the rolls without touching the limits or over reaching the zones mentioned
above.
Scoring: Each correct roll gets 5 points, hence maximum of 10 points. Two points are
deducted for over-reaching side line, right or left for each roll; one point is deducted
for over reaching the end limit on each roll and full five points are deducted when
the subject fails to perform a true front roll

2. Back Roll: The test is similar to front roll both in performing and scoring. The
subject is to start outside the marked chart area and is to ‘perform two back
rolls in the 2 feet lane area, one up to first half and the second back roll in the
second half.

3. Jumping Half Turns: The subject is asked to start with feet on first 3” line,
jump with both feet to second 3” wide line, executing a half turn either right
or left; jump to third 3” line executing half turn in opposite direction to first
half-turn and then to 4th and 5th 3” wide lines executing half turns, right or
left alternatively.
Scoring: Perfect execution of four jumps is worth ten points. Only 2 points are
deducted for each wrong jump when the subject either does not land with both feet
on the 3” line or turns the wrong way or both.

4. Jumping Full Turns: The subject is asked to start with the feet outside the
marked area at about the centre of the lane. He/She is required to jump with
feet together to second rectangular space, executing a full turn with the body
either right or left; continue jumping to alternate rectangular spaces across
the marked mat executing full turns, rotating body in the same direction,
landing on both feet every time.
Scoring: Perfect execution of five jumps is worth ten points. Two points are
deducted, if the subject fails to keep balance on landing on both feet; turns too far
or oversteps the squares.