MEASUREMENT AND

EVALUATION IN PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
 TEST
A test may be called as a tool, question or examination which belong to
used to measure or particular characteristic of an individual or a
sportsperson.
It may be either Subjective or Objective, Qualitatively or
Quantitatively. In order to reach conclusion or result.

Examples: To check the cardiovascular efficiency(VO2max),

Sit and Reach Test & Johnson Basketball Test etc.
DEFINITATION OF TEST

 “A test is systematic procedure for comparing the behaviour of

two or more persons.”
____ Gronbuck.

 “Test is a form of Questioning or measuring tape used to access

retention of knowledge , capacity or ability of some endeavour”
____Barry L Johnson and Jack Nelson
 MEASUREMENT
MEANING:
The English word measurement originate from the Latin mensura and the
“the action of measuring something, . “accurate measurement is essential”.
Measurement is the assignment of a numerical value to an attribute of an
object. The units that we use to measure are most often standard units. It is a
score or data in numerical / grading values, indicating the capacity or ability
of an individual, which is obtained on the basis of applied test, students score
in their test and examination either on the field or in the classroom.
There are various methods to measures the capability of a sports person such as
1) Body mass index (BMI) is a tool that healthcare providers use to estimate the
amount of body fat by using your height and weight measurements.
Body mass index (BMI) is a medical screening tool that measures the ratio of your
height to your weight to estimate the amount of body fat. Healthcare providers
calculate BMI by using weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of height in
meters (m2).

2)Waist Hip Ratio: To calculate the waist-to-hip ratio, we use the following formula:
Ratio = W ÷ H. In this formula, W refers to the circumference of the waist and H
represents the circumference of the hip. For example, a person with a 28 in (71 cm)
waist and 35 in (89 cm) hips has a waist-hip ratio of 28/35 = 0.8 in.
 DEFINITATIONS OF MEASUREMENT

“Measurement aids the evaluation process in which various tools

and techniques are used in collection of data.”
___ Barry L Johnson and Jack Nelson

“Measurement is an act or process that involves the assignment of

numeric values to whatever is being tested. So it involves the
quantity of something.”
____R.N.Patel
 EVALUATION
 Evaluation is a wider concept than testing & measurement. Evaluation is
the combination of quantitative estimation + qualitative judgment of
one’s behavior.
 Evaluation means setting a value upon response (or score) of the subject
as recorded using a specific measurement technique.
 It is a technique by which we come to know at what extent the
objectives are being achieved.
 It is decision-making process that assist to make grade and ranking.
 DEFINITATIONS OF EVALUTION
“Evaluation is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing and
interpreting in­formation to determine the extent to which pupil’s are
achievement instructional objectives.”
____ Norman E. Gronlund and Robert L. Linn

“Evaluation may be defined as a systematic process of determining the

extent to which educational objectives are achieved by pupil is”
___ Dandekar
Summative Evaluation: at the end of a unit
of study
Formative evaluation: Ongoing Process
Criteria reference Test- eligibility
Norm referenced Test – cut off
 PRINCIPLES OF TEST, MEASUREMENT
AND EVALUATION
1. Determining and clarifying what is to be evaluated always has priority in the
evaluation process.
2. Evaluation technique should be selected according to the purpose to be served.
3. Comprehensive evaluation requires a variety of evaluation techniques.
4. Proper use of evaluation techniques requires an awareness of both their limitations and
strength.
5. Both Subjective and Objective measurement is necessary.
6. Conduct measurement and evaluation in a professional manner and impartially.
cont.….
7. Measurement must assist in determining needs of the individual and the
group.
8. Measurement should provide a special service to the evaluation process in
the physical education programme.
9. Never undertake testing until adequate instruction and practice have been
carried out for some time.
10. To assess learner’s performance in the target language the teacher should
not give the test that the learner cannot perform. The task should be authentic,
and appropriate to their linguistic level.
11. Define Objectives.
12. Specify variables.
 SCOPE OF TEST, MEASUREMENT AND
EVALUATION
1. Test assesses students’ strength and weakness.
2. Test helps in predicting future performance of students.
3.Test helps students to bring improvement in learning.
4. Value judgment Ascertaining the extend to which the
educational objectives have been attained.
5. Effectiveness of appraisal or method of instruction.
6. Identifies pupil’s strengths and weakness, difficulties and
problems, needs and demands.
cont.…..
7. Placement and promotions in jobs.
8. Development of attitudes, interests, capabilities,
creativity, originality, knowledge and skills etc.
9. Development of tools and techniques.
10. Development of curriculum and for its revision.
11. Interpretation of results.
13. Helpful for curriculum planners and administers to
improve the curriculum patterned baseline for guidance
and counseling.
IMPORTANCE
1) To frame the objectives.
2)To know the capacities and capabilities.
3) To discover the needs and requirements of the
participants .
4) To Evaluate the learners /feed back for the
student.
5)To evaluate teaching programme (to make the
teaching more concrete and effective).
6) To study the development of Athlete.
Cont.….
7) To prepare norms and standards.
8) To measure current Fitness status.
9) Determine Future Achievement.
10) Allow effective Planning.
11) Give information about Progress.
12) Help Research and development.
 MOTOR FITNESS:
Motor fitness is a term that describes an athlete’s
ability to perform effectively during sports or other
physical activity.

 Six Components of Fitness Related to Motor Skills:

 1. Agility
 2. Balance
 3. Coordination
 4. Power
 5. Speed
 6. Reaction time
JCR (jump, chin & run) Test
 This test was developed by B. E. Phillips (1957) to measure the
ability of individuals to perform basic fundamental motor skills
which are related to strength, power, speed, agility, and
endurance.
1.VERTICAL JUMP: - To measure leg power.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: Vertical jump board or marked wall, marking chalk powder.
 PROCEDURE:- The subject is asked to stand erect facing the board.
His/her dominant hand’s fingertips are marked with chalk powder and the
subject is asked to raise the marked fingertips to a maximum height on the
blackboard without lifting the heels so as to mark his/her maximum reach
point. The fingertips are re chalked. With the chalked hand side towards the
wall, a vertical jump is to be performed by the subject to make another
mark at the maximal height of the jump. The subject is not allowed to run
or hop. However, the subject is properly instructed to take a good jump by
bending knees and swinging the arms.
 SCORING: - The maximum distance (among all the trails) between the
reaching height and the jumping height provide the score of the test. The
subject may be give three to five trails at his/her will and the best
performance is considered.
2.CHIN –UP:- To measure upper body strength.
Pull- ups for Boys-
 PROCEDURE:- The bar is located at such a height so that the feet of
the tallest subject do not touch the ground while hanging on the
chinning bar. The subject is asked to hang from the bar by his hands
with forward grip and to chin up by pulling himself up until his chin
is above the bar. Then he has to lower the body until his arms are
straight and is asked not to use kick or jerky motion. If he does not
straighten his arms completely when lowering the body or if he kicks,
jerks or keeps (keeping one’s chin on the bar) in performing the
movement, then half counts are recorded.
 SCORING: - The number of complete pull-ups plus one half of the
half counts (if any) constitute the scoring.
Pull- ups for Girls:-
 PROCEDURE: Either an adjustable horizontal bar or one bar of
the parallel bar which permits convenient raising and lowering, is
used for this test item. A mat is laid on the floor to prevent the feet
from slipping. The bar is adjusted to a height equal to the level of
the sternum of the subject. The subject grasps the bar with palms
outward and slides her feet under the bar until the body and arms
form nearly a right angle when body is held straight. The weight
rests on the heels. The subject is asked to pull- up to the bar with
the body keeping straight as many times as possible.

 SCORING: - The number of complete pull-ups plus one half of

the half counts (if any) constitute the scoring.
3. SHUTTLE RUN:-To speed and agility.
 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:- Wooden blocks (2” *2” *4”),
stopwatch.
 PROCEDURE: Two parallel lines are marked on the floor 10 yard
apart or the width of the regular volleyball court may be used for the
test. The two wooden blocks are placed behind one of the lines. The
subject is asked to start from behind the line other than the one behind
which the wooden blocks are placed. On the signal ready? go, the
timer starts the watch and the subject runs towards the block, picks-up
one block, runs back to the starting line, places the block behind the
starting line, turns back and picks –up the second block is placed on
the ground the timer stops the watch and records the time.
 SCORING: Two trails are allowed to each subject with some rest in
between. The time of the better of the two trails is recorded to the
score of the test item.
 https://youtu.be/FgBF5DXI4nI vertical jump
 https://youtu.be/XLQqLHBOWPA chinning up
 https://youtu.be/GERdq4PYoIk shuttle run block
AAPHER YOUTH FITNESS TEST: (American
Alliance Physical health education and recreation).
The AAHPER youth physical fitness test was created in
1958. The full form of AAHPER is American Alliance for
Health, Physical Education, and Recreation.
TEST BATTERY CONSISTS OF SIX
ITEMS.

1. Pull-ups ( for boys ), Flexed arms hang ( for girls )

2. Sit-ups
3. Shuttle run
4. Standing long ( board ) jump
5. 50 yard dash
6. 600 yard run/walk
1.PULL-UP(FOR BOYS)
Test Administration

Purpose: To measure arm and shoulder strength.

Age level: Ages 9 through 17 years.

Facilities and Equipments: A metal or wooden bar approximately 1 ½ inches

in diameter is placed at a convenient height. However, for the lower age levels a
doorway gym bar can be used. At times it may be necessary to improvise by using
such equipment as a basketball goal support or a ladder. A score sheet and few
assistants are also needed.

Procedure: The bar is adjusted to such height that the student can hang free of the
floor. The student should grasp the bar with his palms facing away from his body
(overhead grasp). The student should then raise his body until his chin is over the
bar and then lower it again to the starting position with his arms fully extended.

Scoring: One point is scored each time the student completes a pull-up. Part scores
do not count, and only 1 trial is permitted unless it is obvious that the student did
not have a fair chance on his first trial.
FLEXED ARM HANG (For Girls)
Test Administration
Purpose: To measure arm and shoulder strength.
Facilities and Equipments: A horizontal bar approximately 1 ½ inches
in diameter is placed at a convenient height. A score sheet and few
assistants are also needed.
Procedure: The height of the bar should adjusted to the standing height
of the subject. The student grasp the bar with an overhand grasp. She the
rises her body off the floor with the help of assistants to position where the
chin is above the bar. The elbow should be flexed and the chest should be
close to the bar. The subjects holds the hang position as long as possible
and is stopped when the chin touches the bar, falls below the bar.
Scoring: The score is the elapsed time to the nearest second that the
subject has
maintained in the proper hanging position.
2. SIT-UPS

Test Administration

Purpose: To measure abdominal strength and endurance.

Facilities and Equipments: Mats (if available), floor is satisfactory, one
score sheet, one stop watch and few helpers.

Procedure: The student lies flat on the back with knees bent and feet on the
floor with the heels no more than 1 foot from the buttocks. The knee angle
should be no less that 90 degrees. The fingers are interlocked and placed
behind the neck with the elbows touching the floor. The feet are held
securely by a partner. The student then curls up to a sitting position and
touches with the elbows the knees. This exercise is repeated as many times
as possible in the time requirement.

Scoring: One point is scored for each correct sit up. The score is the
 .

3. SHUTTLE RUN

Test Administration
Purpose: To measure speed and agility.
Facilities and Equipments: Two lines parallel to each other are
placed on the floor 30 feet apart. Since the student must over run both
of these lines, it is necessary to have several feet more of floor space at
either end. Two blocks of wood, 2 by·2 by 4·inches, a stopwatch, score
sheet and helpers are needed.
Procedure: The student stands at one of the lines with the two blocks
at the other line. On the signal to start, takes one, and return to starting
line, and places the block behind that line .He/She then returns to the
second block, which carried across the starting line on the way back. Two
students can run at the same time if 2 timers are available.
Scoring: The score is elapsed time recorded in seconds and tenths of
seconds for better of two trials.
4. STANDING LONG JUMP

Test Administration
Purpose: To measure the explosive power of the legs.
Facilities and Equipments: Measuring tape, a mat, space on the
floor or an outdoor, jumping pit, score sheet and few supporters.
Procedure: The subject stands behind a line marked on the ground
with feet slightly apart. A two foot take-off and landing is used, with
swinging of the arms and bending of the knees to provide forward
drive. The subject attempts to jump as far as possible, landing on both
feet without falling backwards.
Scoring: The score is the distance between the take-off line and the
nearest point where any part of the student’s body touches the floor. It
is measured in feet and inches to the nearest inch. Only the best trial is
recorded.
5. 50 YARD DASH
Test Administration
Purpose: To measure speed.
Age level and sex: Same as previous test.
Facilities and Equipments:. An area on a track, football field, or
playground with a starting line, and a finish line. Two stopwatches. A
score sheet and few officials are needed.
Procedure: After a short-warm-up period the student takes a position
behind the starting line. The starter uses the command, "Are you ready?"
and "Go "The subject start running to cross the finish line as quickly as
possible . One trial is permitted.
Scoring: The score is the elapsed time to the nearest tenth of a second
between the starting signal and the student crosses the finish line.
6. 600 YARD RUN-WALK

Test Administration
Purpose: To measure endurance.
Facilities and Equipments: A track, or an area within a
football field, and a stop-watch. A score sheet and few
assistants are also needed.
Procedure: The subject is asked to stand behind the starting
line. At the ready signal go, the subject is asked to cover 600
yard distance in minimum time possible. The subject can also
cover 600 yards by walking.
Scoring: The time taken to run 600 yards is recorded in
minutes and seconds which is the score of the test.
 TEST OBJECTIVE
Pull Ups To measure arm and shoulder
strength.
Flexed arms hang To measure arm and shoulder
strength.
Sit-Ups To measure abdominal strength
and endurance.
Shuttle Run To measure agility and speed.
Standing Long Jump To measures the explosive
power of legs
50 yard Dash To measure maximum speed.
600 yard Dash To measure endurance.