T&D - User Manual

User Manual of T&D

User Manual of T&D...............................................................................................................1

Foreword..................................................................................................................................1
Naming convention..................................................................................................................1
Menus......................................................................................................................................2
[Load Case]......................................................................................................................2
[Save case].......................................................................................................................2
[Create New case]............................................................................................................2
[Set Units]........................................................................................................................2
[Parameters].....................................................................................................................3
[Centralization/Add NRDPP]..........................................................................................4
[Clear]..............................................................................................................................5
[Tripping].........................................................................................................................5
[Torque-drag]...................................................................................................................5
Sheets.......................................................................................................................................5
Input sheet........................................................................................................................5
Deviation sheet................................................................................................................7
Result sheet......................................................................................................................7
Graphs sheet.....................................................................................................................8
Summary sheet.................................................................................................................8
The other sheets...............................................................................................................8
The Catalog..............................................................................................................................8
Using the catalog.............................................................................................................8
Using standoff devices.....................................................................................................9
T&D - User Manual

Foreword

The booklet applies to the current version of the T&D spreadsheet delivered to RokaTek.
The program was tested on Windows XP with SP3, 32 bits with Office 2013 and Windows 8,
64 bits, with Office 2016, English versions. All rights are reserved by Marius Tulceanu.

Naming convention

Buttons and menu items are marked by square brackets “[ ]”.

Branch is a section of the hole. It may start from surface (wellhead) or it may start deeper, as
child of a parent branch.
Program forms and fields are marked with angle brackets “< >”, like <Well Header>.
Survey is a spreadsheet that may be used to design, or follow up a deviated well. It is
integrated with T&D, as Survey is the only way to create new well files and fill in the
deviation, which are used by T&D.
Tubular catalog is a file delivered with the program, where the technical data about casing
and drill string elements is stored. The file can be found on disk as T&D Catalog.tub and it is
actually a MSAccess database. At the first loading of the T&D program into Excel, the user
is asked to locate (browse) the path to the catalog. The file may be moved in any location, at
any time. However, the user will have to provide the program the new location. This is done
by pressing [Parameters] menu button, and on the shown form by pressing Select Catalog
button.
Well file or case file it is a physical file on disk, having a name given by the user (usually
the name of the well) and the extension “.cas”.

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Menus

[Load Case]

It is the main input operation. By picking up this menu item, the user will be allowed to
browse the disk for the desired well file (having the extension “.cas”, being actually an
unlocked MS Access database), and select the name of the branch he wants to load. This will
load the data into the spreadsheet.

[Save case]

This menu item is used to save the well data, in an already existing “.cas” file. The user will
select the case file and then the branch corresponding to the loaded wellpath. T&D will save
the current data from the spreadsheet, including the deviation, by overwriting the existing
data in the targeted case file.

[Create New case]

This button is used create a “.cas” file. The user will have to provide a name and select a
path for the file to be created. The new newly created file is an empty database. Once the
new case file was created, the user has the possibility to save (overwrite) data in this file, by
selecting the menu item [Save Case].

[Set Units]

Allows the user to select the input and the output of the measuring units, individually.
The terms “input” refers to the units used for the data that will be filled in by the user, or for
the data that will be loaded from file, and displayed in the input fields. It does not refer to the
units of the data stored in the case file.
There is a default configuration of the measuring units saved in the tubular catalog. However
the user may customize the units individually, by choosing every unit from its combo-box.

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By checking the option in the left side-down, the user would allow the saving of the units
preferences as default, which will be saved in the catalog.
By checking the right side-down box, the user would be spared to select the output units too,
in the case he wants these to be the same as the input units. By checking the box, the user
will override the settings in the right side panel when he would press <Apply>.
If the user choses to press <Cancel>, no unit will be changed.

Note:
1) Some of input units are not changeable as they have important meaning in the existing
standards. For example, a steel graded G105 would mean the Stated Minimum Yield
Stress (SMYS) is 105 thousand psi, while 723949515.78372 Pa would mean nothing at
all. Same remark for the linear pipe weight: 19.5 ppf in SI would mean 29.02 kg/m and 5
in DP would be 0.127 m.
2) It is highly recommended to not modify the units after data was filled in the tables as the
data will not be converted backward, in order to avoid losing of precision in the case the
conversion factors are rational numbers!

[Parameters]

This menu item would open a form that would allow the user to fill in the mandatory data
for the fluid that fills the well (WBM, SOBM, brine), the mandatory parameters of the
simulation and to set some options. Most of the fields are self-explanatory.
If the user choses to check any of the boxes for Drilling, Tripping, and Backreaming, he has
to fill in all the data required for the respective operation. Failing to do that, would trigger an
error.
This form allows the input of one up to six fluid densities inside the pipe and in annulus.
Even if the well would have only one fluid, this feature allows for density correction of the
fluid with the depth (and implicit, with the temperature), for HP-HT wells.

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The calculations of T&D are carried out from bottom to surface, by dividing the well length
into short segments. <Step> is setting the maximum length of such segment.
<Apply tortuosity> is useful to simulate a quasi-real deviation data for the planned wellpaths
that are smooth by design, having only constant DLS (zero or not). The action is performed
on the deviation data loaded into the spreadsheet, and not on the data stored in the case file.
However, if the uses will press the [Save Case] menu item, the tortured data will be save in
the case file, overwriting the untortured deviation in the case file.
If the tubular catalog was moved in another location on disk, the user can use the <Select
catalog> button to browse the new path to the catalog.
By pressing <Apply>, the data will be written/updated into the spreadsheet. However it will
not be saved in the case file.

Press <Cancel> if you want to discard the changes.

[Centralization/Add NRDPP]

This feature allows a further step to optimize a drillstring design by using of Non Rotating
Drill Pipe Protectors (NRDPP) or similar devices, in order to reduce the torque, drag and the
lateral force that may harm the casing and the wellbore.
While some of the new data has to be filled in manually, the characteristics of the devices
can be selected by clicking on the field <Name>, which will open a selection form. The user
can browse the existing NRDPP and select the one suitable for the string interval.
Clicking <Apply>, the data from the form is stored in the spreadsheet.

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However, the program will not automatically use this data in calculations, unless the check
the box [Use NRDP] in the menu [Options] is on.

[Clear]

The menu item would only delete data from the spreadsheet or from the entire workbook. It
would not delete data from the well file on disk.

[Tripping]

It is one of the two calculation modules. This would calculate the Pick Up Weight (PUW),
Slack Off Weight (SOW), and the FRW (Free Rotating Weight) of the drillstring while
tripping in. It also calculates the torque while tripping.

[Torque-drag]

It is the main calculation module as it populates most of the sheets and charts with output
data and it is providing the most information.

Sheets

Input sheet

This is the main data sheet. It comprises the wellbore description as well as the description
of the elements of the string.
The wellbore table:

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The fields marked in red shall not be filled by the user.
It is filled starting from the lowest section, as it is flagging the comment. For casing, the user
should select either the ID, or the nominal weight.
The section type shall be picked from the available types, while the casing data may be
either picked up from the tubular catalog, or filled in manually.
The program will fill automatically the bottom of each interval, once the first line was filled
by the user.
The user may want to split one section, in order to use different friction factors (FF). For
example, if the FF for the open hole to a certain depth was 0.25, and because of a big dogleg,
or similar (semi)permanent restriction, at that depth, the open hole friction factor suddenly
increased to 0.35, the user may do the split, and then to calibrate, by trial and error, the
second friction factor for the section below the restriction (for example 0.25 in the upper
section and 0.4 in the lower section). There is the possibility of using different FF for drag
and for torque.

The drillstring table:

This table shall be also filled starting with the lowermost element of the string. The types of
the elements are standardized, and they are picked up from the tubular catalog. The rest of
the fields may be also picked up from the catalog, or may be filled in by hand. The length of
the element may be also read from the database (if it is a specific tool, like a jar).
It is recommended to select each element of the string, from the combo boxes, one after
another, till the full line is completed. The reason is, the selection of the data for the next
field, is narrowed after each step.
However, if the user missed a field, he has just to go back to the previous field and restart the
selection.
If the user filled in a value that is not find in the tubular database (for example 32 ppf for the
“Hevi-Wate DP” and “GP – Spiral” and “3 ½” that are only 24.88 ppf and 27.05 ppf, like
below), the rest of the fields on the line will have to be filled manually, by the user.

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The body OD and ID of the elements, are filled in automatically by the program, with the
corresponding data from the tubular catalog. However, the user may fill in different data.
The program proposes automatically a length of the section, as difference between the
bottom of the first segment in the casing table, and the sum of the previous elements selected
in the drillstring table. However, any value may be filled in.

Notes:
1) The total length of the string shall not exceed the well depth.
2) The well depth shall not exceed the depth of the last deviation point.
3) The program checks if the OD of the elements (TJ, or body - if slick) would not exceed
the ID of the wellbore sections, when bit is on bottom.
4) The body OD field refers to the slick part of the element, without any upset.
5) If the OD and ID of the Tool Joint are missing, it is assumed they are the same as the OD
and ID of the body. At no time the OD of the TJ shall be smaller than the OD of the body.
6) The Tool Joints separation length is not mandatory. However, if they are not filled, the
program will disable the calculation of the Bending Stress Magnification Factor
(BSMF). If filled, the TJ separation length shall not exceed the length of the individual
element (DP, Jar, HWDP, DC, MWD, crossover, etc.
7) The user should pay attention at the measuring units he selected, especially for lengths.

Deviation sheet

The deviation sheet is used by the program to display the trajectory loaded from the case file.
If there is no deviation data in the case file, the use must paste a deviation (Measured Depth,
Inclination and Azimuth) before attempting to do any calculation. The top line shall be the
shallowest depth (usually MD=0). The Measured Depth shall use the measuring unit selected
for lengths.
When loaded from file, the program calculates the trajectory automatically and displays a
lateral view and a horizontal view.

Result sheet

On this sheet it is printed the output of the module of the menu [Tripping]. The program
converts first the results in the units selected by the user.

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Graphs sheet

Is displaying on two charts the data printed on sheet Result.

Summary sheet

It displays two tables. The first one is the table with the input of the string. However, the
linear weights of the elements shown here are the actual ones, which were used in the
calculation, and not the nominal weights.
The second table is the summary of the output for the forces, torque, neutral points and zero
axial points for each operation.

The other sheets

The rest of the sheets are used to display the output data, tabular and graphic.

The Catalog
Using the catalog

The Catalog form may be opened by pressing [Catalog]. When opening the form, the names
of the tables are loaded in the list called BHA Elements.
By clicking on one of the items of the list, a table name is selected and the cursor of the
database is automatically positioned on the first record. Therefore, the fields of the table are
shown, and the values of the fields for the first record are loaded, starting with the first field,
which is a unique number of the record in the table.
A scroll bar is showing at all time the position of the cursor within the selected table, and the
number of records (lines) of the table. The scroll bar can be used to navigate the table
records, in both directions.
At any time, the user can modify the any of the fields, except the first field, which is
managed by the database itself.
If the user wants to save the modifications within the same record (row), he only needs to
press [SAVE CURRENT RECORD].
If the user wants to save the modifications as a new record (row), he needs to press first the
button [CREATE NEW RECORD] and then [SAVE CURRENT RECORD].
The cursor in the database is moved automatically to the affected record (the modified of the
new one).
This way of adding new records was thought in order to easily add new records alike another
existing record, by modifying only a few fields. However, the user may opt to press [CLEAR
FIELDS] button to input new data in all fields.
By pressing [DELETE CURRENT RECORD] the current record is deleted without any
warning. Beware that if you started modifying the fields of a record, but you did not press

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any saving button, the current record was not changed.
The form allows the user to search within a table, for a value of a specific field, by pressing

[SEARCH FOR]. If there is such a value assigned to the specified field, the cursor of the
table will move on the found field and the full record will be shown. From this point, the
user can search further for a similar value by pressing again [SEARCH FOR]. If the (forward
only) search will not find a new record with the selected criteria, the cursor will not move.
The user can only modify existing records and add new records in tables, but he cannot add
fields, or tables, as such feature would not be useful without linking the fields or the tables to
the T&D software by lines of code, of which the author reserves all the rights.

[CALCULATE API DATA]. It will calculate the values for the yellow fields as per API
SPEC 5CT (ISO 11960) – for casing and tubing.

Using standoff devices

In the sheet <Input>, when selecting the elements of the string to be analyzed, some of the
tables will not be shown. The reason is the type of equipment stored in these “missing”
tables has special features from torque and drag point of view: it is usually placed on the
outside of the string, in a significant number and, usually, has friction factors much smaller
than the pipe itself. These are drag/torque reducers, like non-rotating pipe protectors, or
centralizers, solid or rigid type, with or without rollers.
These standoff devices, can added on the string, using the following form:

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By clicking on the field <Name>, the following form opens, allowing the user to select the
features of the device from specific catalog, by clicking [SELECT]:

By clicking [Apply], the data is finally ready to be used in calculation or to be saved in

the .cas file.
Even if the data of standoff devices is saved in the case, the user has the option to either use
it in T&D calculation, or not, by selecting the menu option <Use NRDPP>:

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