2022 AFD Online FF Test Orientation Guide
2022 AFD Online FF Test Orientation Guide
2022 AFD Online FF Test Orientation Guide
This orientation guide is intended for a single use guide and has a Copyright License.
Reproducing, sharing, communicating or making photocopies of any of the material
contained herein is against FPSI policy and federal Copyright laws.
Online Firefighter Test
Nature of the Job
Every year, fires and other emergencies take thousands of lives and destroy property worth billions of
dollars. Firefighters help protect the public against these dangers by rapidly responding to a variety of
emergencies. They are frequently the first emergency personnel at the scene of a traffic accident or medical
emergency and may be called upon to put out a fire, treat injuries, or perform other vital functions.
During duty hours, firefighters must be prepared to respond immediately to a fire or any other emergency
that arises. Because fighting fires is dangerous and complex, it requires organization and teamwork. At
every emergency scene, firefighters perform specific duties assigned by a superior officer. At fires, they
connect hose lines to hydrants, operate a pump to send water to high pressure hoses, and position ladders
to enable them to deliver water to the fire. They also rescue victims and provide emergency medical
attention as needed, ventilate smoke-filled areas, and attempt to salvage the contents of buildings. Their
duties may change several times while the company is in action. Sometimes they remain at the site of a
disaster for days at a time, rescuing trapped survivors and assisting with medical treatment.
Firefighters have assumed a range of responsibilities, including emergency medical services. In fact,
most calls to which firefighters respond involve medical emergencies, and about half of all fire
departments provide ambulance service for victims. Firefighters receive training in emergency medical
procedures, and many fire departments require them to be certified as emergency medical technicians.
Firefighters work in a variety of settings, including urban and suburban areas, airports, chemical plants,
other industrial sites, and rural areas like grasslands and forests. In addition, some firefighters work in
hazardous materials units that are trained for the control, prevention, and cleanup of oil spills and other
hazardous materials incidents. Workers in urban and suburban areas, airports, and industrial sites
typically use conventional firefighting equipment and tactics, while forest fires and major hazardous
materials spills call for different methods.
In national forests and parks, forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists spot fires from watchtowers
and report their findings to headquarters by telephone or radio. Forest rangers patrol to ensure travelers
and campers comply with fire regulations. When fires break out, crews of firefighters are brought in to
suppress the blaze using heavy equipment, hand tools, and water hoses. Forest firefighting, like urban
firefighting, can be rigorous work. One of the most effective means of battling the blaze is by creating fire
lines through cutting down trees and digging out grass and all other combustible vegetation, creating bare
land in the path of the fire that deprives it of fuel. Elite firefighters, called smoke jumpers, parachute from
airplanes to reach otherwise inaccessible areas. This can be extremely hazardous because the crews have
no way to escape if the wind shifts and causes the fire to burn toward them. Between alarms, firefighters
clean and maintain equipment, conduct practice drills and fire inspections, and participate in physical
fitness activities. They also prepare written reports on fire incidents and review fire science literature to
keep abreast of technological developments and changing administrative practices and policies.
Working Conditions
Firefighters spend much of their time at fire stations, which usually have features common to a residential
facility like a dormitory. When an alarm sounds, firefighters respond rapidly, regardless of the weather or
hour. Firefighting involves risk of death or injury from sudden cave-ins of floors, toppling walls, traffic
accidents when responding to calls, and exposure to flames and smoke. Firefighters may also come in
contact with poisonous, flammable, or explosive gases and chemicals, as well as radioactive or other
hazardous materials that may have immediate or long-term effects on their health. For these reasons, they
must wear protective gear that can be very heavy and hot.
Work hours of firefighters are longer and vary more widely than hours of most other workers. Many
work more than 50 hours a week, and sometimes they may work even longer. In some agencies, they are
on duty for 24 hours, then off for 48 hours, and receive an extra day off at intervals. In others, they work
a day shift of 10 hours for 3 or 4 days, a night shift of 14 hours for 3 or 4 nights, have 3 or 4 days off, and
then repeat the cycle. In addition, firefighters often work extra hours at fires and other emergencies and
are regularly assigned to work on holidays. Fire lieutenants and fire captains often work the same hours
as the firefighters they supervise. Duty hours include time when firefighters study, train, and perform fire
prevention duties.
Employment
According the United States Fire Administration, registered fire departments are staffed by
approximately 1,216,600 personnel. This includes career, volunteer and paid per call firefighters as well
as civilian staff and nonfirefighting personnel. There are a total of 1,065,100 active career, volunteer and
paid per call firefighters representing nearly 88 percent of the registered departments' personnel. Of the
active firefighting personnel, 33 percent were career firefighters, 55 percent were volunteer firefighters,
and 12 percent were paid per call firefighters.
About 9 out of 10 firefighting workers were employed by municipal or county fire departments. Some
large cities have thousands of career firefighters, while many small towns have only a few. Most of the
remainder worked in fire departments on Federal and State installations, including airports. Private
firefighting companies employ a small number of firefighters and usually operate on a subscription basis.
In response to the expanding role of firefighters, some municipalities have combined fire prevention,
public fire education, safety, and emergency medical services into a single organization commonly
referred to as a public safety organization. Some local and regional fire departments are being
consolidated into countywide establishments in order to reduce administrative staff and cut costs, and to
establish consistent training standards and work procedures.
As a rule, entry-level workers in large fire departments are trained for several weeks at the department’s
training center or academy. Through classroom instruction and practical training, the recruits study
firefighting techniques, fire prevention, hazardous materials control, local building codes, and emergency
medical procedures, including first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. They also learn how to use
axes, chain saws, fire extinguishers, ladders, and other firefighting and rescue equipment. After
successfully completing this training, they are assigned to a fire company, where they undergo a period
of probation.
A number of fire departments have accredited apprenticeship programs lasting up to 5 years. These
programs combine formal, technical instruction with on-the-job training under the supervision of
experienced firefighters. Technical instruction covers subjects such as firefighting techniques and
equipment, chemical hazards associated with various combustible building materials, emergency medical
procedures, and fire prevention and safety. Fire departments frequently conduct training programs, and
some firefighters attend training sessions sponsored by the U.S. National Fire Academy. These training
sessions cover topics including executive development, anti-arson techniques, disaster preparedness,
hazardous materials control, and public fire safety and education. Some States also have extensive
firefighter training and certification programs. In addition, a number of colleges and universities offer
courses leading to 2- or 4-year degrees in fire engineering or fire science. Many fire departments offer
firefighters incentives such as tuition reimbursement or higher pay for completing advanced training.
Among the personal qualities firefighters need are mental alertness, self-discipline, courage, mechanical
aptitude, endurance, strength, and a sense of public service. Initiative and good judgment are also
extremely important because firefighters make quick decisions in emergencies. Because members of a
crew live and work closely together under conditions of stress and danger for extended periods, they must
be dependable and able to get along well with others. Leadership qualities are necessary for officers, who
must establish and maintain discipline and efficiency, as well as direct the activities of firefighters in their
companies. Most experienced firefighters continue studying to improve their job performance and
prepare for promotion examinations. To progress to higher level positions, they acquire expertise in
advanced firefighting equipment and techniques, building construction, emergency medical technology,
writing, public speaking, management and budgeting procedures, and public relations.
Opportunities for promotion depend upon written examination results, job performance, interviews, and
seniority. Increasingly, fire departments use assessment centers, which simulate a variety of actual job
performance tasks, to screen for the best candidates for promotion. The line of promotion usually is to
engineer, lieutenant, captain, battalion chief, assistant chief, deputy chief, and finally to chief. Many fire
departments now require a bachelor’s degree, preferably in fire science, public administration, or a
related field, for promotion to positions higher than battalion chief. A master’s degree is often required
for executive fire officer certification from the National Fire Academy and for State chief officer
certification.
Job Outlook
Prospective firefighters are expected to face keen competition for available job openings. Many people
are attracted to firefighting because it is challenging and provides the opportunity to perform an essential
public service, a high school education is usually sufficient for entry, and a pension is guaranteed upon
retirement. Consequently, the number of qualified applicants in most areas exceeds the number of job
openings, even though the written examination and physical requirements eliminate many applicants.
This situation is expected to persist in coming years.
Employment of firefighters is expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations as fire
departments continue to compete with other public safety providers for funding. Most job growth will
occur as volunteer firefighting positions are converted to paid positions. In addition to job growth,
openings are expected to result from the need to replace firefighters who retire, stop working for other
reasons, or transfer to other occupations. Layoffs of firefighters are uncommon. Fire protection is an
essential service, and citizens are likely to exert considerable pressure on local officials to expand or at
least preserve the level of fire protection. Even when budget cuts do occur, local fire departments usually
cut expenses by postponing equipment purchases or not hiring new firefighters, rather than through staff
reductions.
Copyright © 2022 FPSI 3
Online Firefighter Test
Overview
This written test associated with this orientation guide for the entry-level firefighter recruitment process
consists of a variety of sub-tests designed to measure critical constructs required for successful job
performance as a firefighter. The components of this test have been developed and validated by
firefighters and Fire Captains who have experience performing the essential functions of the firefighter
job. Each construct measured by this test has been carefully linked to a national job description and
identified as a critical skill or ability necessary for performance of the job.
The entry-level firefighter online test consists of a general aptitude section and a personality inventory
section. This practice test is designed to prepare you for the general aptitude section of the test only as
there is no practice test for the personality inventory. The general aptitude constructs measured by the
online firefighter test include:
Reading Ability
Mathematical Reasoning
Map Reading
Writing Ability
Human Relations (to include: interpersonal skills, teamwork, commitment, honesty, integrity,
emotional stability)
Reasoning Skills (to include: reasoning, vocabulary, mechanical aptitude, and spatial rotation)
Subject-matter experts in our validation workshops have endorsed every item on the test and have
confirmed that the reading level of the passages and the test items are appropriate based upon the
materials found on the job and in the academy.
Please read and understand the frequently asked questions prior to the actual test day!
Question: How much time will I have to take the online written test?
Answer: You will have 3 hours to take the online test. You may take the test on your scheduled test
date between the hours of 12:00 a.m.–11:59 p.m. (Pacific Standard Time).
Question: Can I start the test and take a break and then access the test again?
Answer: No. Once you start the test, your time will start and you are not allowed to close your
browser or leave the test. Your final test time will be calculated and reported to the
department you are testing with. Additionally, your test link will only work once. You
will not be given more than one test link, so ensure that you are able to spend up to
3 hours to take the test before you click the link.
You may NOT refer to any test preparation, notes or other study materials during the test. You may
NOT use calculators during the test however you may use scratch paper in specific sections. It is
imperative that the scratch paper is discarded after you complete your test per our copyright laws.
Once you begin to take the test, make sure you choose one answer to each corresponding question. You
may scroll through questions by clicking on the “Next or Previous” buttons. If you skip any questions or
when you have reached the end of the test, be sure to check that you have answered ALL of the questions
prior to submitting the test. You may review your answers by clicking on the “View Item List” button.
You may have recalled something later that may help you to correctly answer earlier questions.
During the test, you will be instructed to choose the “best” or “most correct” alternative from
four to five different alternatives. Most applicants find it helpful to read the entire question and all of the
alternatives before choosing the best or most correct alternative. It is better to read all of the alternatives
as you may find one that is a better answer than the one you first thought was correct.
DO NOT LEAVE ANY ANSWERS BLANK. You are scored on the number of correct answers you
give in response to the questions. In other words, you will be penalized for any answers left blank. Even
if you are not certain of a correct answer, you SHOULD GUESS at what the correct answer might be.
Try to eliminate alternatives that you know are wrong and guess from the ones that remain. This will
increase your chances of guessing the correct answer. Answers left blank will NOT be counted towards
the number of correct responses in your final score.
If any of the images or content located within the online test are not loading, please check the following:
1) Be sure you are using a laptop or computer with the most current internet browser version
(Chrome, Safari, Edge, Firefox).
2) Check your internet browser “zoom” settings. If it is set to 100%, please zoom your screen
smaller, for example:
3) Be sure your internet browser settings are not blocking the images via a spam/pop-up blocker.
If the entire test is not loading after you click on “begin test” please check the following:
1) Be sure you are using the most current internet browser version (Chrome, Safari, Edge, Firefox).
2) If your test automatically opens in “internet explorer” when you click on the test link, you will
not be able test. Be sure you are using the proper internet browser as noted in #1.
3) Be sure your internet connection is good and has enough speed to load the testing platform.
4) Be sure your internet browser settings are not blocking the testing platform via a spam/pop-up
blocker.
5) If you continue to have loading issues, please open or download “google chrome” and use that
browser only. Please copy and paste your link in google chrome as that should resolve your issue.
The Online Firefighter Test is not a measure of your self-worth or your intelligence. This is a test
designed to measure your levels of reading ability, math skills, map reading skills, writing skills, human
relation competencies, and general reasoning ability. If you have performed poorly on other tests in the
past, that does not necessarily mean you will perform poorly on the test. Unlike many other types of tests,
the online firefighter test is designed to measure a variety of critical skills and abilities that are essential
to successful firefighter job performance in a way that does not overestimate the importance of cognitive
skills and other constructs which, historically, result in lower passing rates.
There are no trick questions in the Online Firefighter Test. Each and every question on the test can be
answered based upon basic skills and abilities you should have developed throughout your life.
Reading Section
For this section of the test, you will read a one-page passage containing fire-related material and will
then answer five (5) multiple-choice questions for each passage. All of the answers for these
questions are found in the corresponding reading passage. You are encouraged to read the fire
passage first and then answer the questions. You are allowed to refer back to the passage if needed.
When placed at a proper climbing angle, a 35 foot ladder will reach less than 35 feet up the side of a
building. Another method for determining a safe and proper climbing angle is as follows: place the
toes of your shoes at the spur plate of the ladder; then with both arms outstretched, the fingers should
rest on the rung most level to the shoulders.
When climbing a ladder, a firefighter should climb with a straight back and at arms length from the
ladder. Pushing with leg power rather than pulling with arm strength has proven most efficient. With
arms straight and hands resting lightly on the rungs, the firefighter should look straight ahead and
only occasionally look up.
Only a limited number of people can safely be on a ladder at the same time. The rule of thumb
regarding the number of people on a ladder at a given time is as follows. Basically, for each 10 foot
section of ladder, one person is allowed. The following is the recommended safety work load for fire
department ladders.
10 to 16 feet l person
20 to 26 feet 2 people
30 to 35 feet 3 people
40 to 50 feet 4 people
When sizing up a fire scene, it is very important that the ladder length estimates are correct. To help
with this determination, a firefighter should allow 12 feet for each story and three feet as the distance
from the floor to the window sill. Ladders requiring two or more individuals to spot and raise are
under the command of the person located at the foot of the ladder, away from the bed. That person
gives the command for preparation and execution for all movements. This is done to increase the
efficiency of the movements and to avoid confusion and possible injury.
Copyright © 2022 FPSI 8
Online Firefighter Test
Normally ladders are carried parallel to the ground with one beam above the other by two or more
people. The ladder is carried with the firefighter's arm extended through the rungs. The beam rests
on the firefighter's shoulder. The exception is the one man straight-side ladder. When only one
firefighter is carrying a ladder, the ladder is carried in the middle for increased convenience and
maneuverability.
1. When calculating the distance to place a ladder away from a building, you should take the
height to be laddered and divide by _____ and add _____.
A. 5, 2
B. 5, 3
C. 6, 2
D. 6, 3
2. An alternate method for determining the appropriate climbing angle is to place your toes at
the spur plate of the ladder and rest your outstretched arms and fingers on the rung _____.
3. The maximum number of people who could safely stand on 24 foot ladder at one time is
_____.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
4. When determining the appropriate ladder length, the firefighter should allow _____ feet for
each story.
A. eight
B. ten
C. twelve
D. fourteen
5. The firefighter should allow _____ feet at the distance from the floor to the window sill when
determining the appropriate ladder length.
A. 2
B. 2½
C. 3
D. 3½
Math Section
For this section of the test, you will answer five (5) fire-related math questions. These math
questions require basic mathematic calculations and you will not need a calculator. Calculators are
not allowed for this test. YOU MAY USE SCRATCH PAPER FOR THIS SECTION ONLY.
6. A firefighter determines that 350 feet of hose is needed to reach a particular building. If the
hoses are 60 feet in length, what is the minimum number of lengths of hose needed?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
7. Office sprinkler heads spray water at an average of 25 gallons per minutes (GPM). If 4
sprinkler heads are flowing at the same time and at the same rate, how many total gallons of
water will be released in 15 minutes?
A. 100
B. 315
C. 375
D. 1,500
8. What is the total weight of four firefighters who weigh 202 pounds, 186 pounds, 133 pounds
and 211 pounds?
A. 682
B. 712
C. 732
D. 742
A. 25.5%
B. 27.5%
C. 30.5%
D. 35.5%
10. The fire captain asks you to lay out hose line. The hose line comes in 85-foot sections. How
many 85-foot sections will you need in order to lay out 1,150 feet of hose line?
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16
You are transporting an injured and intoxicated male who has a large amount of money
protruding from his pocket. While transporting him to the emergency room you notice that the
money falls out of his pocket.
John is a new firefighter at a station for the first time where there is a food fund. This fund is used to
pay for lunch and dinner for the firefighters. At the beginning of the shift, $6.00 is paid into the fund
and a “check mark” is placed next to each firefighter’s name. By eating meals together, teamwork is
built. John forgets to bring his $6.00 for the shift. What is the best way for Firefighter John to handle
this situation?
A. John should leave the station quickly and run to the nearest bank.
B. John should place a check mark on the chart and pay for his food later.
C. John should not eat with the rest of the group since he couldn’t pay the $6.00.
D. John should ask another firefighter if he could borrow $6.00 for the day.
Firefighter Green is a new firefighter and feels left out when the other firefighters talk at the station.
He feels that the other firefighters ignore him on purpose and treat him as if he’s not part of the team.
What is the best way for Firefighter Green to handle this situation?
A. Firefighter Green should take interest in the conversations and spend time getting to know
the other firefighters.
B. Firefighter Green should tell his supervisor that the other firefighters are ignoring him.
C. Firefighter Green should ignore the other firefighters and allow time to pass before doing
anything.
D. Firefighter Green should confront the other firefighters and ask why they are ignoring him.
Firefighter Garcia finished the fire academy at the top of his class and acted arrogant about his
accomplishment. After receiving his station assignment, he put very little effort into station and district
drills. Firefighter Garcia was perceived as an arrogant know-it-all. This perception prompted his fellow
firefighters to treat him as a non-team player. What is the best way for Firefighter Garcia to handle this
situation?
A. Firefighter Garcia should continue with his work and not address the issue.
B. Firefighter Garcia should try to participate a little more with the other firefighters.
C. Firefighter Garcia should apologize for his attitude and make an effort to learn new
concepts.
D. Firefighter Garcia should inform his supervisor that the other firefighters are picking on
him.
Your partner pulls the fire truck out of the truck room to wash it and a compartment door is severely
damaged because it has been left open. You see this and recall that you left the compartment door open.
You know that your partner will be blamed for this and that it was not entirely his fault. What is the best
way to handle this situation?
A. You should tell your partner to always check the compartment before pulling the engine out.
B. You should tell your partner that you left the door open and suggest that you both discuss
this accident with your supervisor.
C. You should begin working on another task and wait for your partner to discuss the accident
with you.
D. You should inform your supervisor that your partner damaged the vehicle.
While on a fire safety inspection at a local high school, a teacher approaches you and asks if you can
help build a bonfire at the football game. The teacher has received permission from the fire department
and school principal so long as a firefighter is present. You agree to be present at the bonfire. After
talking further, you discover that the game is on your scheduled day off. What is the best way to handle
this situation?
A. Inform the teacher that you cannot attend the bonfire as you are not scheduled to work.
B. Encourage the teacher to proceed without a firefighter as you have already approved the site.
C. Attend the bonfire considering that your entire department will be represented by your
actions.
D. Ask a fellow firefighter to attend the bonfire in your absence.
For items 21-22, choose the word that is synonymous (meaning the same thing) as
the underlined word in the sentence.
A. assorted
B. limited
C. narrow
D. restricted
A. unreasonable
B. conceivable
C. unrealistic
D. methodical
For items 23-24, choose the pair of words that best completes the sentence.
23. Hair will be worn in a style and color that does not _____ from the overall _____ image of the
traditionally accepted profile.
24. The quickest way for _____ to grow in a department is for the officers to _____ it among
themselves.
25. Considering grammar, spelling, and punctuation as well as ease of understanding, which of
the following sentences is most acceptable?
A. When responding, to an emergency calls, officers should never allow the speed of the
response to thretan people or property.
B. When responding to emergency calls, officers should never allow the speed of
response to endanger people or property.
C. Officers should never allow, when responding to an emergency call, the speed of
responding to endanger people or property.
D. Officers, responding to emergency calls, should not let the speed of the response, to
threaten people or property.
You are allowed to review your responses to any test section with any remaining time.
37th Ave.
E
Sylvan Blvd.
E
E
Pet Store
Bar
Library
35th Ave.
36th Ave.
38th Ave.
Mather Blvd.
Dance
Studio E E
Bank E
Movie Theater
26. You are facing South on 37th Ave. and turn west on Mather Blvd. The next one way street you
will reach is _____.
A. 38th Ave.
B. 36th Ave.
C. 35th Ave.
D. Sylvan Blvd.
A. Southeast
B. Southwest
C. Northeast
D. Northwest
29. What is the most direct route to take from the entrance of the Deli to the entrance of the Bank
without violating traffic laws? *NOTE: The entrance is indicated by E.
A. Go east on Sylvan Blvd., south on 35th Ave., and east on Mather Blvd.
B. Go east on Sylvan Blvd., south on 37th Ave., and west on Mather Blvd.
C. Go east on Sylvan Blvd., south on 36th Ave., and east on Mather Blvd.
D. Go east on Sylvan Blvd., south on 36th Ave., and west on Mather Blvd.
30. What is the most direct route to take from Corner 4 to Corner 1 without violating traffic laws?
*NOTE: The entrance is indicated by E.
You are allowed to review your responses to any test section with any remaining time.
Often, firefighters must tell if there is a fire in the next apartment in a building by feeling the walls
(including the ceiling and floor) to see if they are hot. Each block in the diagram represents an
apartment in an apartment building. In the following questions you should indicate how many other
apartments completely share a wall with the target apartment. An entire wall must be shared between
apartments for them to be considered “shared.” Apartments that only touch on a corner or for less
than one full wall should NOT be counted.
31. The number of the walls shared with other apartments for the apartment labeled “X.”
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
32. How many of the items listed below are EXACT duplicates of one another?
81301 81301
24F6942IL 24E6492IL
11901VX4C29 11901VX42C9
A846141464HL A846141464HL
63276R3981362 6S276R39613G2
8K029Z7829422 8K0279Z329422
A. none
B. one
C. two
D. three
33. A woman is traveling in her car at 25 miles per hour. How far will that woman travel in thirty
minutes?
A. 10.75 miles
B. 11.25 miles
C. 12.50 miles
D. 15 miles
34. Which number should follow this series: 64/64, 9/12, 6/12,
A. 1/2
B. 1/4
C. 6/8
D. 8/8
For the next question, you will apply your skills to conceptualize shapes and patterns, and then rotate
figures. Each question presents one cube that has six sides. Each of the six sides of each cube has a
different design. The first cube provided shows three sides of the cube and the design on each side.
Select from one of the five cubes (A-E) that can represent the first cube when it is turned one time.
See the example below:
Question 35.
T
C M C
T
Answer Key
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. C
16. D
17. B
18. D
19. C
20. B
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. D
25. B
26. C
27. B
28. B
29. D
30. B
31. B
32. C
33. C
34. B
35. D Alternative “D” is the correct answer, because if the cube is rolled directly
forward the “T” would move from the front of the cube to the top, and the
circle on the right side of the cube would remain in the right side. Please note
that the arrows on the cube do not indicate the direction the cube was turned.
They are only symbols like the other ones on the cubes.