sc1c07947 Si 001
sc1c07947 Si 001
sc1c07947 Si 001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Supplemental Note 1. Tabulated α-Cyclodextrin Conversion Data ………………………..Page S2
Supplemental Note 2. Additional transition state for dual Mg catalyzed mechanism……..Page S8
Supplemental Note 3. Coordinates for DFT structures……………………………………….Page S9
The following tables contain the time resolved conversion data for catalyzed α-cyclodextrin
activation presented in the main paper. Tables S1-A to S1-L show the progression of α-cyclodextrin
conversion with different pulse lengths (20-2000 ms) for a range of temperatures (370-430 °C) and a range
of Mg(NO3)2 concentrations (0.1-0.5 mmol Ca(NO3)2/g α-CD). The error columns represent a 95%
confidence interval based on triplicate of experiments for each experimental condition.
Magnesium Concentration
Pure CD 0.1 0.2
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 1.16 1.2 1.72 0.8 0.91 1.2
50 1.92 1.8 2.68 1.0 2.79 0.9
75 2.37 0.1 3.29 1.6 4.37 2.8
100 4.32 2.0 4.40 1.3 5.91 2.1
150 7.25 2.7 8.90 2.1 9.03 2.8
200 8.16 0.8 12.91 1.4 12.64 1.3
500 17.39 4.9 24.58 3.2 24.09 3.7
1000 31.19 2.3 36.77 3.8 45.81 3.8
2000 50.83 3.0 53.55 4.3 63.06 2.8
Magnesium Concentration
0.3 0.4 0.5
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 1.04 1.2 1.91 2.2 2.49 1.8
50 3.84 1.1 5.81 2.3 5.65 1.7
75 5.12 0.9 8.86 1.7 10.86 2.5
100 7.26 1.5 12.89 2.2 13.24 1.9
150 12.26 2.0 16.37 2.8 19.29 2.5
200 23.27 4.0 24.37 2.7 28.00 3.0
500 32.92 4.4 49.08 1.7 54.44 2.1
1000 49.50 7.9 63.00 2.5 77.68 2.5
2000 71.86 6.6 83.38 2.7 93.9 2.4
Magnesium Concentration
Pure CD 0.1 0.2
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 1.38 1.91 1.58 0.8 1.46 0.9
50 4.08 2.19 2.11 1.0 3.73 0.5
75 3.81 3.56 5.05 1.6 6.79 1.1
100 4.22 3.31 5.71 1.3 10.81 2.0
150 6.44 3.56 8.39 2.1 13.96 2.5
200 10.12 2.73 11.63 1.4 18.56 1.9
500 20.23 5.97 23.59 3.2 37.91 1.2
1000 36.35 10.11 46.61 3.8 58.03 3.6
2000 55.41 7.20 63.00 4.3 85.07 2.2
Magnesium Concentration
0.3 0.4 0.5
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 2.79 1.7 1.86 0.5 6.06 1.8
50 7.37 1.1 8.81 3.4 13.50 1.7
75 12.72 3.3 16.49 1.1 22.91 2.5
100 16.45 1.3 21.56 1.0 30.19 1.9
150 21.19 0.9 28.54 1.4 39.22 2.5
200 25.69 1.5 37.31 3.5 51.57 3.0
500 52.21 4.4 65.44 4.9 76.08 2.1
1000 77.01 1.63 88.80 4.2 89.00 2.5
2000 90.19 5.6 93.90 3.3 88.39 2.4
Magnesium Concentration
Pure CD 0.1 0.2
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 1.42 1.8 1.42 0.8 1.39 0.6
50 3.08 4.4 4.46 0.7 3.91 0.8
75 7.72 4.0 6.34 0.7 9.81 2.1
100 7.57 5.8 9.35 1.9 11.77 2.1
150 8.85 4.9 12.68 2.4 17.36 1.1
200 14.75 5.9 14.93 1.3 22.21 4.13
500 21.97 2.0 31.32 1.2 52.84 3.2
1000 39.50 6.2 47.74 1.6 69.74 4.25
2000 61.50 12.0 78.62 4.0 92.52 1.0
Magnesium Concentration
0.3 0.4 0.5
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 5.34 3.9 6.65 2.4 15.20 3.3
50 12.52 5.4 12.61 1.7 25.96 1.3
75 15.37 3.8 13.14 2.7 36.88 4.2
100 21.55 2.8 20.88 3.3 44.24 1.3
150 27.08 3.3 28.55 1.6 53.46 3.5
200 36.57 5.9 42.22 6.8 60.36 2.1
500 62.91 5.1 71.92 3.8 84.82 3.4
1000 78.87 3.3 93.64 4.3 91.89 4.2
2000 96.03 3.0 98.76 1.1 97.97 2.4
Magnesium Concentration
Pure CD 0.1 0.2
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 2.31 2.5 1.91 1.8 3.28 1.3
50 3.88 2.6 5.12 1.7 8.29 1.6
75 5.24 3.4 7.43 2.2 13.30 2.5
100 6.96 1.7 10.41 2.2 17.15 1.7
150 9.74 2.4 17.64 3.1 22.67 1.8
200 13.53 2.2 23.65 3.6 31.92 2.4
500 29.32 3.5 47.60 4.3 59.31 1.2
1000 52.07 2.5 63.00 2.5 83.54 3.0
2000 74.50 4.5 87.81 4.1 96.91 1.6
Magnesium Concentration
0.3 0.4 0.5
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 8.62 1.7 10.80 1.9 10.81 2.1
50 17.24 0.7 23.15 1.6 28.57 1.2
75 25.87 4.9 29.70 1.8 40.29 2.1
100 37.89 1.1 36.97 1.5 46.12 1.8
150 49.92 1.3 56.74 3.1 59.02 3.2
200 58.84 1.2 64.42 1.8 76.81 3.3
500 81.27 2.1 89.12 3.8 95.40 1.9
1000 95.18 1.8 98.97 1.0 99.27 0.7
2000 98.94 1.2 99.58 0.8 99.99 0.1
Magnesium Concentration
Pure CD 0.1 0.2
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 5.96 3.2 4.43 0.9 8.05 2.2
50 12.88 0.3 6.97 1.3 13.53 3.7
75 22.67 5.2 8.28 2.6 18.16 4.3
100 25.64 7.9 10.62 1.3 23.14 2.3
150 24.88 4.9 19.09 3.6 32.22 2.9
200 23.66 2.0 23.80 1.2 43.96 4.8
500 33.80 7.8 47.98 1.5 80.58 5.9
1000 55.12 4.8 72.95 2.7 92.30 6.7
2000 76.00 2.4 94.63 3.3 96.56 0.7
Magnesium Concentration
0.3 0.4 0.5
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 13.94 1.3 7.92 3.6 25.13 7.7
50 20.33 2.2 27.59 5.8 57.48 7.0
75 30.07 5.5 51.30 4.6 67.86 2.9
100 35.56 2.1 63.62 1.3 76.17 2.66
150 55.94 1.5 76.57 3.5 82.23 3.0
200 63.89 5.4 84.70 4.8 90.02 2.5
500 95.29 0.8 97.55 3.6 98.97 0.5
1000 93.63 5.7 99.19 0.9 98.60 1.3
2000 96.60 2.2 97.35 4.54 99.33 0.6
Magnesium Concentration
Pure CD 0.1 0.2
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 2.82 3.2 4.66 1.2 16.15 8.2
50 9.57 4.6 11.28 2.6 31.71 4.2
75 9.61 4.6 19.90 2.9 40.27 1.4
100 13.03 2.1 29.53 6.9 48.07 6.8
150 18.78 3.7 30.19 2.2 60.18 1.8
200 22.36 8.0 40.24 4.2 70.41 1.6
500 52.36 5.2 67.68 4.5 91.75 3.7
1000 75.60 5.5 90.38 3.4 93.34 7.7
2000 94.06 5.3 94.73 2.5 99.35 1.3
Magnesium Concentration
0.3 0.4 0.5
[mmol Mg2+/g-CD]
Conversion Conversion
Pulse Length [ms] Error [%] Error [%] Conversion [%] Error [%]
[%] [%]
20 16.19 2.7 27.45 3.7 36.68 3.9
50 38.87 7.9 56.79 2.8 68.21 3.6
75 44.57 4.2 73.23 4.7 81.16 3.2
100 55.03 6.7 84.34 3.3 92.25 4.5
150 71.41 5.8 91.32 2.6 95.26 1.5
200 83.56 1.9 98.44 0.8 99.40 0.2
500 96.25 2.5 99.61 0.1 99.55 0.3
1000 95.38 3.9 99.14 0.5 99.61 0.1
2000 97.56 1.4 99.42 0.8 99.74 0.2
Figure S1: Optimized transition state for dual Mg catalyzed mechanism where one Mg ion acts as a Lewis
acid catalyzed while another Mg ion helps in H-bond disruption. The calculated barrier is 54 kcal/mol. The
higher barrier compared to Ca (50 kcal/mol) could be due to higher geometric strain in cellulose chain as it
must twist to make a strong interaction with Mg (shorter Mg-O bond).
x y z
0.011058651 0.480988255 0.025765985
0.976799831 0.408199188 0.482137488
0.057674794 0.430078019 0.417108698
0.004201281 0.511725832 0.39375685
0.042508269 0.581468906 0.443125991
0.95837224 0.658398056 0.425428198
0.510712731 0.221593674 0.148159302
0.46030528 0.152788408 0.100383398
0.536349146 0.177149619 0.034909654
0.48324337 0.260778144 0.014648797
0.533021743 0.326968839 0.065689753
0.458574191 0.407941213 0.05358119
0.000100815 0.521693501 0.276656519
0.034104635 0.594315442 0.230065481
0.951106659 0.568760654 0.165304528
0.018521849 0.489727374 0.141616275
0.982965508 0.420878943 0.191010294
0.054428015 0.340618588 0.174004199
0.471791434 0.272014299 0.399444918
0.492230193 0.341181652 0.34919041
0.420244093 0.304472416 0.285554493
0.502699592 0.230819963 0.263634066
0.469040828 0.16559913 0.31625979
0.554853921 0.088673959 0.30277093
0.01501867 0.980498031 0.027079813
0.971668293 0.906442839 0.480574906
0.051109875 0.930616451 0.415405498
0.988400878 0.011404018 0.393651976
0.029075493 0.07944235 0.444009354
0.953634731 0.158898154 0.427841581
0.510086153 0.729546405 0.150896006
0.45057196 0.658217833 0.105518564
Site 02 co-ordinates:
a = 7.784Å , b = 16.402Å , c=20.760Å
ϒ = 96.550
C Mg H O
96 1 158 80
x y z
0.013731997 0.479732809 0.028001577
0.958542793 0.407418879 0.481392264
0.040921204 0.433683974 0.416951048
0.972405659 0.512966626 0.393780866
0.007189575 0.582294017 0.443478911
0.933443784 0.662292301 0.427991808
0.51514196 0.229183765 0.149501127
0.461176856 0.159115764 0.102519759
0.538252379 0.181199271 0.036724628
0.486413789 0.264351566 0.015437694
0.538244674 0.331714055 0.065262736
0.461945086 0.411510039 0.050802041
0.985260006 0.520892456 0.277531406
0.032423848 0.592768961 0.231310506
0.954400244 0.568558753 0.165966238
0.017394264 0.487760366 0.144352159
0.976979328 0.419360462 0.19453496
0.054834932 0.340278038 0.178712313
0.487131097 0.266425734 0.400509711
0.544551758 0.338085827 0.355172857
0.466257325 0.318373889 0.288989311
0.514314367 0.235439889 0.265829076
0.459640562 0.16640104 0.313892985
0.535060072 0.086925165 0.297731187
0.013566584 0.979284254 0.027623341
0.966686719 0.908939854 0.48106727
0.046883037 0.932592361 0.416030649
0.983365591 0.013032911 0.393901662
0.023748028 0.081814789 0.443691207
0.946795018 0.160847609 0.427110197
0.513031291 0.727755015 0.148043758
0.458753817 0.657096649 0.101866186
0.536196427 0.678830604 0.036065363
Site 03 co-ordinates:
a = 7.784Å , b = 16.402Å , c=20.760Å
ϒ = 96.550
C Mg H O
96 1 158 80
x y z
0.01231686 0.48040612 0.027875469
0.965394379 0.406981044 0.480863594
0.045842409 0.431160825 0.415839113
0.983936863 0.512227701 0.394178571
0.025254841 0.580547522 0.444319335
0.948032266 0.659805756 0.428533803
0.513012282 0.23070559 0.142711872
0.460524149 0.161614497 0.095166706
0.536622865 0.185162825 0.029503797
0.484821749 0.268802665 0.009105997
0.535189752 0.334963773 0.060033775
0.459148916 0.415265515 0.046891801
0.986127631 0.519991651 0.277832772
0.028091662 0.592057746 0.231332743
0.950034255 0.568236564 0.165971069
0.012736067 0.487490403 0.144126284
0.972475094 0.418811366 0.194000062
0.050986838 0.340011279 0.177872386
0.488011094 0.268573911 0.392691511
0.542677654 0.33953979 0.346627083
0.465085784 0.318346225 0.280892205
0.515228917 0.235239586 0.258749588
0.462315363 0.167395147 0.308238208
0.53552608 0.086653564 0.294317472
0.011571585 0.98010254 0.027548244
0.973959989 0.907331041 0.481193343
0.050452458 0.931387229 0.415611418
0.98654021 0.011975976 0.393956425
0.026476689 0.080552299 0.443924333
0.947029834 0.159081962 0.427750711
0.515990622 0.731221498 0.151922019
0.462029194 0.662228414 0.103992871
0.539219889 0.685585837 0.038421543
Site 04 co-ordinates:
a = 7.784Å , b = 16.402Å , c=20.760Å
ϒ = 96.550
C Mg H O
96 1 158 80
x y z
0.013314308 0.480978197 0.026877515
0.970864016 0.407685872 0.479730044
0.050152398 0.431952714 0.414684791
0.986577448 0.512742582 0.393041406
0.02697523 0.581140246 0.443141196
0.950576621 0.660516315 0.427047037
0.515582114 0.232269011 0.142651828
0.461247779 0.163511882 0.095143877
0.535854414 0.186565221 0.029223317
0.486047431 0.270450454 0.00857904
0.539442168 0.336414439 0.059631891
0.467352784 0.417777989 0.047006657
0.987820449 0.520300887 0.276789825
0.028616774 0.592445607 0.230305775
0.950946898 0.568460629 0.164902075
0.015055719 0.487871411 0.143201624
0.975086221 0.419226708 0.193099582
0.053589903 0.340503155 0.17674618
0.487160898 0.267093384 0.393720658
0.541545483 0.338542585 0.348029676
0.465764505 0.318229603 0.281819317
0.516105134 0.235412677 0.259101822
0.461289204 0.166926359 0.307943828
0.534821258 0.086268143 0.293885659
0.013599664 0.981265231 0.026885286
0.974886228 0.907263555 0.48048049
0.051046637 0.931564888 0.41486965
0.986275311 0.011992836 0.393293947
0.026434571 0.080635014 0.443192784
0.9474345 0.159354255 0.427098423
0.516862341 0.732186065 0.153936458
0.463118743 0.66364034 0.105851326
0.538574174 0.686966853 0.039973396
Site 05 co-ordinates:
a = 7.784Å , b = 16.402Å , c=20.760Å
ϒ = 96.550
C Mg H O
96 1 158 80
x y z
0.013993337 0.47998736 0.026070418
0.953485905 0.406478749 0.479807752
0.037389648 0.43050625 0.415189638
0.980675256 0.512392905 0.392806389
0.021420198 0.58005367 0.443510771
0.947669809 0.660169127 0.427780992
0.516521485 0.231315942 0.148653157
0.461496188 0.160850675 0.102215112
0.537134416 0.181973504 0.035886743
0.485515762 0.264826848 0.013558872
0.538299202 0.332902775 0.062847978
0.46042236 0.412410504 0.048334212
0.988089189 0.519749494 0.276515057
0.031042163 0.591800437 0.230126546
0.952407801 0.568024941 0.164744961
0.015211398 0.487358192 0.142587082
0.974492461 0.418676301 0.192511038
0.051700264 0.339535321 0.176403808
0.481913843 0.271046282 0.399975618
0.539402734 0.341677641 0.35404095
0.462801892 0.321515779 0.287831201
0.514435988 0.238516565 0.265431975
0.463109358 0.170167377 0.314682809
0.539311251 0.090331179 0.299974133
0.012674697 0.979853934 0.027572193
0.970045725 0.90773981 0.480775025
0.049308117 0.931655223 0.415567678
0.986193995 0.012348582 0.3937844
0.026354599 0.080870055 0.443762081
0.947827408 0.159567788 0.427543748
0.513151108 0.729349117 0.149901336
0.459885723 0.659437806 0.102798365
0.536155419 0.682333647 0.037032492
x y z
0.272526473 0.457212134 0.031377108
0.252542433 0.382714773 0.488201717
0.299855841 0.409222427 0.427173854
0.266048923 0.48552281 0.399717622
0.275988436 0.556090591 0.449079492
0.237111369 0.633204633 0.430229124
0.268542244 0.493392446 0.283199124
0.278189453 0.568089598 0.238193995
0.24278284 0.543459027 0.171943337
0.275183531 0.465152064 0.147105947
0.263603647 0.395276006 0.195994304
0.297780394 0.316245991 0.175204059
0.482618071 0.254458984 0.39830823
0.494773409 0.316654442 0.343241109
0.469735558 0.273441876 0.280089844
0.512825525 0.199582854 0.264803248
0.490498207 0.140507035 0.321348107
0.53087383 0.061830752 0.315893121
0.275433132 0.95624505 0.034781993
0.251886181 0.883233413 0.488262884
0.289264038 0.907464903 0.422882029
0.259937337 0.988725996 0.401143924
0.277121334 0.056959485 0.451607774
0.237861699 0.135035996 0.435758308
0.262982458 0.998636191 0.284962401
0.284087375 0.070379206 0.238333331
0.247906855 0.045537494 0.17269125
0.27758229 0.964342871 0.151215526
0.257992816 0.896306331 0.201571878
0.29485596 0.816702593 0.186493442
0.497893601 0.750678821 0.415663296
0.523657076 0.821940181 0.369491299
0.486519664 0.799351735 0.303662411
x y z
0.274339306 0.45624614 0.032862426
0.242280251 0.382996685 0.489346388
0.293028433 0.407700451 0.429541967
0.263046641 0.485661515 0.401427418
0.27577489 0.556380905 0.450432458
0.239386679 0.634694258 0.430997102
0.266742481 0.492102664 0.28472005
0.278744629 0.56677319 0.239708446
0.243970016 0.542626244 0.173189237
0.276369954 0.464076776 0.148804069
0.263003529 0.393867464 0.197191445
0.298123335 0.315229273 0.176312977
0.48110467 0.258956765 0.402605951
0.491058305 0.319656067 0.346392182
0.466846947 0.274720682 0.283691907
0.510890676 0.200949519 0.270186223
0.489869399 0.143710689 0.327857624
0.530316357 0.06480883 0.324104066
0.275780968 0.955912776 0.034549675
0.250331121 0.881361344 0.487348153
0.28873653 0.90617351 0.422381686
0.259697375 0.987572875 0.400721185
0.275971393 0.055552902 0.451454555
0.236580333 0.133487133 0.435619517
0.263281468 0.997655087 0.284745082
0.283825403 0.069559712 0.238250683
0.247338405 0.044634559 0.172733963
0.277777683 0.963866233 0.151002961
0.258728732 0.895638846 0.201258077
0.295937661 0.816280122 0.185970052
0.499668777 0.743993688 0.41250621
x y z
0.277471531 0.457016956 0.030721349
0.249280614 0.382993542 0.487720827
0.298971702 0.408310563 0.427540526
0.267556762 0.485506457 0.399275492
0.278265861 0.556558868 0.448103546
0.240236931 0.633788531 0.428117677
0.272471746 0.492570005 0.282627733
0.284118615 0.567280036 0.23764544
0.249633667 0.542948516 0.171096752
0.281672413 0.464267174 0.146624628
0.268813245 0.394323904 0.195221111
0.303751098 0.315511455 0.174731172
0.48208629 0.259443003 0.398829704
0.494717075 0.318904396 0.342337791
0.471966605 0.273886927 0.279634638
0.516185432 0.199760964 0.267985913
0.492679254 0.143134257 0.325735548
0.533229495 0.064205874 0.323905454
0.278112248 0.956417252 0.032923169
0.25169103 0.881824485 0.48595952
0.290440435 0.906503494 0.42108454
0.262246758 0.988139173 0.399032805
0.27807266 0.056033046 0.44989255
0.239397896 0.13426903 0.433617186
0.267944611 0.998080994 0.283002208
0.289259233 0.069825205 0.236514479
0.252628544 0.044889303 0.171048409
0.282525404 0.963867714 0.14934261
0.26391395 0.895761413 0.199761181
Mg-Int-Mg co-ordinates:
a = 16.352Å , b = 16.402Å , c=20.760Å
ϒ = 96.550
C H Mg O
132 220 2 112
x y z
0.273167369 0.458413517 0.031682755
0.261549126 0.383258145 0.488041033
0.307228064 0.409626126 0.426389949
0.272244656 0.485512362 0.399371486
0.281733677 0.556404595 0.448358848
0.240939929 0.632252709 0.428888371
0.274270133 0.494375688 0.28295655
0.285374189 0.568967749 0.237894859
0.248949945 0.544561948 0.172017592
0.279116891 0.46521723 0.147225308
0.266533789 0.395566932 0.196069461
0.299195046 0.315647709 0.175536917
0.483770498 0.256913886 0.390495816
0.497537816 0.31635298 0.334249118
0.473966738 0.27203851 0.27151652
0.517304052 0.197084101 0.260366715
0.492261362 0.140812961 0.318313611
0.531316212 0.06114397 0.31752678
0.2756078 0.95664259 0.03398472
0.252861659 0.88258982 0.486340319
0.290963605 0.906973521 0.421257744
0.263837269 0.989370618 0.399878859
0.281286954 0.056952517 0.450836572
0.242490085 0.135502639 0.435489468
0.269203769 0.998969358 0.283877491
0.289722277 0.070525051 0.236965759
0.251299669 0.0449933 0.172200552