Earthquake-DRRR

Earthquake
Vanuatu- Vanuatu is a South Pacific Ocean nation made up of roughly 80 islands that stretch 1,300
kilometers
Vanuatu is the most at risk country in the world. Why?
Earthquake- A feeble shaking to violent trembling of the ground produced by the sudden
displacement of rocks or rock materials below the earth’s surface
What makes an earthquake?

• In most cases, sudden slip along a fault after tectonic stress builds up to a breaking point.
• Repeated cycles of this are called “stick-slip” behavior.
what makes the SHAKING motion?
•Pent-up potential energy is converted into kinetic energy in the form of vibration, like
ringing a bell.
•Technical term= Elastic Rebound
•Vibrations in the earth caused by sudden slip
include:
P-waves- (primary waves, travel fastest and are
the first to arrive)
S-waves -(shear or secondary waves) Surface waves (various kinds, ‘rolling or rocking motion,’ last to
arrive and cause the most damage) (like the cardboard house rocking back and forth)
Magnitude: size (energy released) of an earthquake. One value, no matter where you are. Richter
scale
Intensity: effects (felt reports) of an earthquake. Varies with distance from hypocenter, and also with
the kind of soil you’re on (soft, hard). Modified Mercalli, or PHIVOLCS scale.
How can we know which way the earth slipped?
• If the rupture breaks the Earth’s surface, you can see the sense of
motion directly.
OR
• Precise GPS or InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)
measurements
OR
• Focal mechanisms explained by IRIS
Earthquakes don’t kill people; Buildings do!
What makes a building more or less subject to

earthquake damage?
Damage will depend on a COMBINATION of:
• Design and construction of the building
• Magnitude, duration, and spectral frequency of shaking
• Nature of earthquake, distance from source, type of soil at building site
• Integrity of the foundation against liquefaction, landslide
• MINIMAL EFFECT: Proximity to an earthquake fault
COMMON EARTHQUAKE- RELATED HAZARDS:
• Ground shaking
• Ground rupture
• Tsunami
• Earthquake Induces Landslide
GROUND SHAKING
Disruptive up-down and sideways movement or
motion experienced during an earthquake
IMPACTS OF GROUND SHAKING

1. Strong ground shaking can also result to minor damages to building and worse, cause collapse of
structure.
2. Strong ground shaking can cause objects to fall and break windows among others.
GROUND RUPTURE
• displacement on the ground due to movement of fault.
LIQUEFACTION
• process that transforms the behavior of sediments from solid to liquid form when subjected to
extremely shaking of the ground.
TSUNAMI
• Sea waves resulting from the disturbance of the ocean floor by an earthquake
Two Types of Tsunamis:

1. Local tsunami- these are confined to coasts within a hundred kilometers from the source. It is
usually generated by earthquakes and landslide or pyroclastic flow. It can reach
the shoreline within 2 to 5 minutes
2. Far field or distant tsunamis- These tsunamis mainly come from the can travel from 1 to 24 hours
before reaching the coast of
the nearby countries. These tsunamis mainly coming from the countries bordering Pacific Ocean
like Chile, Alaska in USA and Japan.
Tsunami -“harbor waves”
•sea waves resulting from the disturbance of ocean floor by an earthquake; is a series of giant sea
waves commonly generated by under- the-sea earthquakes and whose heights could be greater than
5 meters
Storm surge -“tidal waves”
•The increase in wave heights associated or during typhoons (when there are strong winds) or
tropical cyclone.
Feel an Earthquake-
if the ground shakes under your feet in a coastal region, a tsunami may have been caused by strong
undersea earthquake.
However, you may not feel an earthquake if the event is far away.
See ocean water disappears from the beach, bay, or river

Before a tsunami arrives, water may recede from the shoreline before returning as a fast-moving wall
of water.
If you notice the water is declining, tell your family and friends and prepare to move inland or to
higher ground
Hear an unusual roaring sound

If you hear a loud roar approaching (a bit like a passenger jet or a train), tell as many people as
possible. It could be a tsunami approaching.
Evacuate on foot if possible
IMPORTANT THINGS TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

 Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.
 Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake)
 Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace
IMPORTANT THINGS TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

IMPORTANT THINGS TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
 Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.
 Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check
for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and
report it to theauthorities (use someone else's phone).
 Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency.
 Stay out of damaged buildings.
 Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your
feet.
 • Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).
 • Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after theground has stopped
shaking.

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Earthquake

What makes an earthquake?

What makes a building more or less subject to

IMPACTS OF GROUND SHAKING

Two Types of Tsunamis:

See ocean water disappears from the beach, bay, or river

Hear an unusual roaring sound

Evacuate on foot if possible

IMPORTANT THINGS TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

IMPORTANT THINGS TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

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