3c Motherboard

1.
Definition of the Motherboard

A motherboard is the main circuit board inside a computer that connects the different parts of a
computer together. It has sockets for the CPU, RAM and expansion cards and it also hooks up to hard
drives, disc drives and front panel ports with cables and wires.
Motherboard is also known as a mainboard, planar board or logic board, system board, mobo or MB. It
links all the individual parts of a computer together and also, allows the CPU to access and control
these separate parts. Other than bridging internal components, the motherboard ports also allows you
to connect external devices to the computer. Such external devices would include the monitor,
speakers, headphones, microphone, keyboard, mouse, modem and other USB devices.
2. Functions of the Motherboard

The functions of a computer motherboard are as follows:
i. The motherboard acts as the central backbone of a computer on which other modular parts are
installed such as the CPU, RAM and hard disks.
ii. The motherboard also acts as the platform on which various expansion slots are available to
install other devices / interfaces.
iii. The motherboard is also responsible to distribute power to the various components of the
computer.
iv. They are also used in the coordination of the various devices in the computer and maintain an
interface among them.
v. Some of the Sizes in which the motherboards are available are : BTX, ATX, mini-ATX, micro-
ATX, LPX, NLX etc..
Computer Motherboard Components And The Functions ,
Manufactures & Others
1. Mouse & keyboard
2. USB
3. Parallel port
4. CPU Chip
5. RAM slots
6. Floppy controller
7. IDE controller
8. PCI slot
9. ISA slot
10. CMOS Battery
11. AGP slot
12. CPU slot
13. Power supply plug in

1. Mouse & keyboard: Keyboard Connectors are two types basically. All PCs have a Key board port
connected directly to the motherboard. The oldest, but still quite common type, is a special DIN, and
most PCs until recently retained this style connector. The AT-style keyboard connector is quickly
disappearing, being replaced by the smaller mini DIN PS/2-style keyboard connector.
You can use an AT-style keyboard with a PS/2-style socket (or the other way around) by using a
converter. Although the AT connector is unique in PCs, the PS/2-style mini-DIN is also used in more
modern PCs for the mouse. Fortunately , most PCs that use the mini-DIN for both the keyboard and
mouse clearly mark each mini-DIN socket as to its correct use. Some keyboards have a USB
connection, but these are fairly rare compared to the PS/2 connection keyboards.
2. USB (Universal serial bus): USB is the General-purpose connection for PC. You can find USB
versions of many different devices, such as mice, keyboards, scanners, cameras, and even printers. a
USB connector's distinctive rectangular shape makes it easily recognizable.
USB has a number of features that makes it particularly popular on PCs. First, USB devices are hot
swappable. You can insert or remove them without restarting your system.
3. Parallel port: Most printers use a special connector called a parallel port. Parallel port carry data
on more than one wire, as opposed to the serial port, which uses only one wire. Parallel ports use a 25-
pin female DB connector. Parallel ports are directly supported by the motherboard through a direct
connection or through a dangle.
4. CPU Chip : The central processing unit, also called the microprocessor performs all the calculations
that take place inside a pc. CPUs come in Variety of shapes and sizes.
Modern CPUs generate a lot of heat and thus require a cooling fan or heat sink. The cooling device
(such as a cooling fan) is removable, although some CPU manufactures sell the CPU with a fan
permanently attached.
5. RAM slots: Random-Access Memory (RAM) stores programs and data currently being used by the
CPU. RAM is measured in units called bytes. RAM has been packaged in many different ways. The most
current package is called a 168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory module).
6. Floppy controller: The floppy drive connects to the computer via a 34-pin ribbon cable, which in
turn connects to the motherboard. A floppy controller is one that is used to control the floppy drive.
7. IDE controller: Industry standards define two common types of hard drives: EIDE and SCSI.
Majority of the PCs use EIDE drives. SCSI drives show up in high end PCs such as network servers or
graphical workstations. The EIDE drive connects to the hard drive via a 2-inch-wide, 40-pin ribbon
cable, which in turn connects to the motherboard. IDE controller is responsible for controlling the hard
drive.
8. PCI slot: Intel introduced the Peripheral component interconnect bus protocol. The PCI bus is used
to connect I/O devices (such as NIC or RAID controllers) to the main logic of the computer. PCI bus has
replaced the ISA bus.
9. ISA slot: (Industry Standard Architecture) It is the standard architecture of the Expansion bus.
Motherboard may contain some slots to connect ISA compatible cards.
10. CMOS Battery: To provide CMOS with the power when the computer is turned off all
motherboards comes with a battery. These batteries mount on the motherboard in one of three ways:
the obsolete external battery, the most common onboard battery, and built-in battery.
11. AGP slot: If you have a modern motherboard, you will almost certainly notice a single connector
that looks like a PCI slot, but is slightly shorter and usually brown. You also probably have a video card
inserted into this slot. This is an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) slot.
12. CPU slot: To install the CPU, just slide it straight down into the slot. Special notches in the slot
make it impossible to install them incorrectly. So remember if it does not go easily, it is probably not
correct. Be sure to plug in the CPU fan's power.
13. Power supply plug in: The Power supply, as its name implies, provides the necessary electrical
power to make the pc operate. the power supply takes standard 240V AC power and converts into 12-
Volt, 5-Volt, and 3.3-Volt DC power.

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1.

Definition of the Motherboard

2. Functions of the Motherboard

1. Mouse & keyboard

10. CMOS Battery

11. AGP slot

12. CPU slot

13. Power supply plug in

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