KEJ3163 FLUID MECHANIC

SESSION 2024/2025
LABORATORY REPORT
EXPERIMENT A
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS & HYDROSTATICS BENCH
(HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF WATER)
PROGRAMME:
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (ENVIRONMENT) WITH HONOURS
GROUP NUMBER: 9
NAME MATRIC.NO
NURULAZIEQAH BINTI SUKARI S72097
SITI AISYA AQILAH BINTI AB RAHIM S72185
ROHAIZAD BIN ABDULLAH S72436
WAN DARWISY KHAZIN BIN WAN S72499
AHMAD ROSDDY

DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
28 OCTOBER 2024
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
11 NOVEMBER 2024

FACULTY OF OCEAN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 OBJECTIVES

3.0 APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT

4.0 PROCEDURES

5.0 CALCULATION AND RESULTS

6.0 DISCUSSION

7.0 CONCLUSION

8.0 REFERENCES

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This experiment focuses on the hydrostatic pressure of water, which is

a key concept in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatic pressure arises from the weight
of a fluid column and is influenced by factors such as fluid density, gravitational
acceleration, and the depth of the fluid.

In this experiment, we will utilize a Hydrostatics Bench to investigate

how pressure varies with depth in a column of water. We will measure the
pressure at different depths and analyse the relationship between depth and
hydrostatic pressure. This will allow us to observe the fundamental principles
governing fluid behaviour and reinforce our understanding of concepts such
as Pascal’s law and the principle of buoyancy.

Hydrostatic pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a fluid due

to the force of gravity acting on its mass. The fundamental equation governing
hydrostatic pressure is given by:

P=ρgh

By the end of this experiment, we aim to not only quantify hydrostatic

pressure but also appreciate the practical applications of these principles in
real-world scenarios, such as engineering design, fluid transport, and hydraulic
systems.

2.0 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the experiment is:
i. To identify the hydrostatics forces on various surfaces with the HM
115 hydrostatic bench
ii. To evaluate the density of liquids by measuring displaced weight
iii. To develop practical skills in using hydrostatic equipment and
analysing data

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3.0 APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT
The equipment that used in this experiment is HM 115 Hydrostatics Bench.
This equipment basically used to perform any experiment that related to
hydrostatics of liquids and gases. Figure 1 shows the drawing of the HM 115
Hydrostatics Bench.

Figure 1. The drawing of the HM 115 hydrostatics bench

This equipment is containing different equipment such as
• Dual Water Manometers
• Mercury U-tube Manometers
• Bourdoun-Tube Manometers
• Duaphragm Manometers
• Electronic Pressure Sensors with Digital Display Provide and Overwiew
of the Types of Possible Pressure Measurement

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4.0 PROCEDURS
1. The hydrostatics pressure is measured using the measuring
vessel, with 133mm diameter, which a pressure sensor is
attached at the bottom.
2. The reading of the hydrostatics pressure is taken which can be
read from the digital display on the switch box.
3. For the water circuit, the cocks on 20, 22, and 24 is closed, the
cock on 21 is opened.
4. The upper vent valve on measuring vessel is opened.
5. The immersion pump is switched on by pressing the green
knob on the switch box.
6. The inlet cock is opened carefully so that water can be let into
the measuring vessel.
7. The water level in the measuring vessel is taken and compare it
with the pressure indicated on the switch box.
8. The procedure is repeated by open the inlet cock carefully
9. The immersion pump is switched off by pressing the red knob
on the switch box
10. Inlet cock is closed, open all other cocks and vent valve to let
the water runs into the tank.

5.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION

Result for the experiment

Results
h (cm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
p (mbar) 4.8 9.5 14.2 19 23.7 28.5 35.2

Figure 2. The graph of pressure of water against the water level

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6.0 DISCUSSION

Throughout the experiment, several key observations were made. First

of all, linear relationship. As anticipated, the results indicated a linear
relationship between the depth of the water column and the measured
pressure. The pressure readings increased consistently with increasing depth,
confirming the theoretical prediction. This reinforces the idea that hydrostatic
pressure depends primarily on the height of the fluid column above the
measurement point. Other than that, consistency of measurements can be
determined. The multiple readings taken at each depth allowed for a robust
data set, minimizing the impact of random errors. Averaging these
measurements helped to achieve more reliable results, underscoring the
importance of replicability in experimental procedures.

7.0 CONCLUSION
At the end of the experiment, we can conclude that the relationship
between the height of the water and the pressure of water is directly
proportional. This are coincided with the formula of pressure
𝑷 = 𝝆𝒈𝒉
Therefore, the greater the amount of water, the greater the value of
pressure. Hence, when there is more water, there will be more force or weight
that pushing down.

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8.0 REFERENCE
Books
1. Çengel Y. A., & Cimbala, J. M. (2014). Fluid mechanics : Fundamentals

and applications (3rd ed.). Mcgraw Hill.

Website

1. Habib Ahmari, & Shah Md Imran Kabir. (2019, August 14). Experiment

#1: Hydrostatic Pressure. Pressbooks.pub; Mavs Open Press.

https://uta.pressbooks.pub/appliedfluidmechanics/chapter/experiment-

1/

2. Fluid Mechanic Lab - Hydrostatic Pressure. (2019, December 22).

SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/fluid-mechanic-lab-

hydrostatic-pressure-209033996/209033996

3. U3-Hydrostatic pressure Lab Report 2021-22 - JABATAN

KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIK Department of Mechanical - Studocu.

(n.d.). Studocu. https://www.studocu.com/my/document/universiti-

malaya/mechanical-engineering-laboratory-1/u3-hydrostatic-pressure-

lab-report-2021-22/21213101

Video

1. Habib Ahmari, PhD, PE. (2018). Fluid Mechanics Lab # 1 -

Hydrostatic Pressure. In YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfqadPBKim8

2. pascoscientific. (2020). Hydrostatic Pressure - Distance Learning

Lab. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oxZ7JYL0ig