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C String

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12 views

C String

Uploaded by

shishirkholil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Programming Strings

In C programming, a string is a sequence of characters terminated with a null


character \0. For example:

char c[10] = "c string";

Memory Diagram

How to initialize strings?

You can initialize strings in a number of ways.

char c[] = "abcd";

char c[50] = "abcd";

char c[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};

char c[5] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};


Assigning Values to Strings

Arrays and strings are second-class citizens in C; they do not support the
assignment operator once it is declared. For example,

char c[100];
c=- // Error! array type is not assignable.

Read String from the user

You can use the scanf() function to read a string.

Example 1: scanf() to read a string

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[20];
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Your name is %s.", name);
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter name: Dennis Ritchie


Your name is Dennis.
How to read a line of text?

You can use the fgets() function to read a line of string. And, you can use puts() to
display the string.
Example 2: fgets() and puts()

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[30];
printf("Enter name: ");
fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin); // read string
printf("Name: ");
puts(name); // display string
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter name: Tom Hanks


Name: Tom Hanks
Passing Strings to Functions

Strings can be passed to a function in a similar way as arrays. Learn more about
passing arrays to a function.

Example 3: Passing string to a Function

#include <stdio.h>
void displayString(char str[]);

int main()
{
char str[50];
printf("Enter string: ");
fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);
displayString(str); // Passing string to a function.
return 0;
}
void displayString(char str[])
{
printf("String Output: ");
puts(str);
}
Example 4: Strings and Pointers

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
char name[] = "Harry Potter";

printf("%c", *name); // Output: H


printf("%c", *(name+1)); // Output: a
printf("%c", *(name+7)); // Output: o

char *namePtr;

namePtr = name;
printf("%c", *namePtr); // Output: H
printf("%c", *(namePtr+1)); // Output: a
printf("%c", *(namePtr+7)); // Output: o
}
Loop Through a String
You can also loop through the characters of a string, using a for loop:

Example 5:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char carName[] = "Volvo";
int i;

for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {


printf("%c\n", carName[i]);
}

return 0;
}
Commonly Used String Functions

● strlen() - calculates the length of a string


● strcpy() - copies a string to another
● strcmp() - compares two strings
● strcat() - concatenates two strings

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