EAF Slag and Its Potential To Substitute Granulated Blast Furnace Slag - Ehrenberg - Euroslag2024 - QV
EAF Slag and Its Potential To Substitute Granulated Blast Furnace Slag - Ehrenberg - Euroslag2024 - QV
EAF Slag and Its Potential To Substitute Granulated Blast Furnace Slag - Ehrenberg - Euroslag2024 - QV
Background
Scrap based EAF slag projects
DRI/EAF slag projects
Summary
FEhS, 2022
FEhS, 2014
Lab-scale water granulated EAF slags
Background
FEhS, 2022
FEhS, 2014
Lab-scale water granulated EAF slags
DRIBE2
Starts announced for 2025 (SSAB, H2GS), 2026 (Salzgitter), 2027 (thyssenkrupp), 2030 (AM, Dillinger)
For the first steps, in Germany c. 7 billion Euros public funding have been granted
1189 Mt 997 Mt
1211 Mt (47%) (49%)
(45%)
IEA 2020
ESTEP 2019/2012
97 Mt
98 Mt
(56%)
(69%)
IEA 2020
STEPS: Stated Policies Scenario, SDS: Sustainable Development Scenario
EPRS 2021 7
Background
High demand for supplementary cementitious materials
2021: 0.77
FEhS, 2020
2030: 0.74
2050: 0.60
2021: 42 Mt/yr
2050: 73 Mt/yr
CEMBUREAU 2024
12th European Slag Conference, Bilbao 2024 8
EAF slag and its potential to substitute granulated blast furnace slag
FEhS, 2022
FEhS, 2014
Lab-scale water granulated EAF slags
Original idea: Modifying liquid EAF slag to achieve a Portland cement clinker like material
Metallurgical tasks: Fe oxides reduction + increasing CaO content + rapid cooling
Problem: Enormous increase in viscosity after reduction prevents metal segregation and
further slag modification (CaO content too low for sufficient C3S formation)
KS 6
New idea: Modifying liquid EAF slag to achieve a GBS like material
Metallurgical tasks: Fe oxides reduction (+Cr ) + increase SiO2 content + quenching
Problem: At least for the reduction step a separate slag treatment facility is necessary
Main outcome: Reduced, treated, quenched EAF slag is latent hydraulic, comparable to GBS
90 EAF slag KS 10
80 EAF slag KS 11 KS 10 11 12 13
70 EAF slag KS 12
60 EAF slag KS 13
Ground Quartz sand
50 C/S 1.18 1.24 0.86 1.38 -
CEM I 42.5 R
40
30
20 Al2O3 11.5 11.3 9.9 11.6 %
10
0 Glass 99 99 100 98 %
2 28
Water granulated lab-scale EAF slag KS 11 Fraction 40/63 µm of ground Compressive strength (EN 196-1) in MPa for
after basicity decrease by sand addition EAF slag KS 11: 99 % glass mixtures 50 % slag with CEM I 42.5 R after
(C/S = 1.90 1.24) and Fe oxide reduction 2 and 28 days
by C (29.1 0.5 % Fe; 1.66 0.12 % Cr)
Original idea: To substitute hardened EAF slag by Quartz sand as a chemically reactive anti-foaming
agent successful
Side-effect: - The EAF slag basicity was significantly decreased
- Option to quench treated, but non-reduced EAF slag, to create a glassy structure
89 % glass
Batchwise sand addition in steel plant 2 Granulation of treated EAF slag qXRD for treated and granulated EAF slag A Treated and granulated EAF slag A
Main outcome: - also non-reduced, but treated and quenched EAF slag is latent hydraulic
- wide reactivity range, but low early strength
80
- disturbing effect of crystalline EAF slag
70
A
60
Steel grade Steel grade GBS
B
type 1 type 2 2008-2020
C
50 D C/S 0.66-1.22 1.22-2.17 0.74-1.34 -
E Al2O3 6.2-13.1 2.6-6.2 8.8-16.0 %
40 F
Fe 9.5-26.8 17.2-25.2 0.1-1.6 %
G
30 H Cr 1.31-2.23 0.94-2.15 0.0008-0.0224 %
I
Glass 20-95 0-89 85-100 %
20 J
K
10 L
M
CEM I 42.5 R
0 GBS range and Steel grade Steel grade
2 7 28 91 Ground Quartz sand median type 1 type 2
12th European Slag Conference, Bilbao 2024 14
"SABINE"
Grant No. 033R262
2021-2024
Basis: "KONDEOS" (2019-2023) Decreasing basicity by injecting Quartz sand into the slag ladle to
create stable mineral phases with low leaching (Kirschsteinit CaOFeOSiO2) successful
Original idea: Using air-cooled EAF slag for alkali activated non-constructive building materials
Problem: High and expensive amount of activator necessary; high sensitivity for slag mineralogy
Alternative: To use water granulated treated (sand injection), but non-reduced EAF slag as precursor
4.8 m
3m
Liquid slag treatment by sand injection Granulation of treated EAF slag No. 5 at steel plant 1 Water granulated industrial EAF slag No. 5
during tapping in steel plant 1 after basicity decrease by sand injection
12th European Slag Conference, Bilbao 2024 (C/S = 2.2 1.5) 15
"SABINE"
2021-2024
Grant No. 033R262