UNIT - 1

CHANGING TRENDS AND CAREER IN PHYSICAL EDUCATIN

Meaning and Definition of Physical Education

Physical Education is composed of two words ‘Physical’ means body and ‘Education’ means
modification of behauinur thus means Education through the medium of physical Activities. It aims on
overall development of human being through participating in various games and sports activities.
Modern Physical Education was started in 18th century in Germany. Where Physical Education was an
integral part of School Curriculum, Since then many changes have taken place and various aspacts have
emerged with time.

Definitions of Physical Education:

In fact the basis of physical education is difficult and very broad with changing time, its meaning also
kept changing. Following time, its meaning: According to Charles A Bucher, "physical education is an
integral part of total education process and has its aim in the development of physically, mentally,
emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected
with a view to realize these out comes.” “Physical education is the sum of changes in the individual
caused by experience which can bring in motor activity.”

Aims and objectives of Physical Education:

Physical education has been defined in different ways by experts and institutes in this field. These are as
follows: “Physical education is that phase of education which deals with big muscle activites and their
related responses.” —J.B. Nash

“Physical education is that phase of education which is concerned, first, with the organisation and
leadership of children, in big muscle activities, to gain the development and adjustment inherent in the
activites according to social standards, and second, with the control of health or growth conditions
naturally associated with the leadership of the activites so that the educational process may go on
without growth handicaps.” —Clark W. Hetherington

“Physical education is an integral part of the total educational process and has as its aim the
development of physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially fit citizens through the medium of
hpysical activities which have been selected with view to realising these outcomes.” — Charles A.
Bucher

“Physical education is education through physical activites for the development of the total personality
of the child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind and spirit.” —Central Advisory Board of Physical
Education and Recreation
Aim and Objectives of Physical Education:

Aim is the ultimate one, i.e., all-round development of an individual. The means and ways we adopt to
achieve our aim are called objectives and those are: Physical development Mental development Social
development Emotional development Spiritual development

All Round Development

Physical Development, Mental Development,Social Development ,Emotional Development ,Spiritual

Development.

Objectives:

1. Physical Development: The main objective of physical education is physical development. Physical
education is related to several physical activities. When we do any physical activity, it effects our
different body systems— blood circulation, respiratory system, muscular system, digestive system, etc.
It results in the development of the size and shape of organs. It is helpful to make body healthy and
strong. If our body systems are fine and healthy, only then we shall be able to do our work efficiently
and be safe from several disease like high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and arthritis. For e.g.,
Running Increases the heart rate which helps the blood to flow efficiently through the whole body.

2. Mental Development: This objective is related to mental development. There should be some
activities in physical education which keep our brain alert and concentrated. Now-a-days, physical
education is not related to physical exercises only but it also includes rules of game, principles,
structures of body, personal cleanliness, etc. These physical activities sharpen the brain. By taking part in
physical activities a person learn to tackle various situations. During sport many situations occur in
which player takes his/her self-decision. So, this results in their mental development and decreases the
stress level.

3. Social Development: This objective of physical education is related to social skills which are helpful in
coordination. During a competition, players of different region come together on single platform. So,
they learn cooperation, support, respect, good sportsmanship, etc. through these skills, players can
make their nation healthy and strong.

4. Emotional Development: The objective of physical education is to make an individual emotionally

develop through physical activity. A man is endowed with different emotions like happiness, jealousy
hope, despair, joy, fear, loneliness, weal and woe, etc, If they do not control these emotions, thes there
will be no place for them in the society, which can be harmful for them. Physical education programme
develop these emotions and teach us to control them.

5. Spiritual Development: The objective of physical education for an individual is to reflect time to
evaluate their experiences to allow them to build a positive mindset and promote progression.
Career Options in Physical Education

The opportunities in the field of physical education were teaching and training only till 1990. There are
ample employment opportunities for people in the field of physical education due to increase in interest
towards training and increase in number of activites. Ther are two types of career options in physical
education. The first kind is related to teaching and training of physical education. These are called
traditional careers also. The second kind is related to the careers when emerge out of it related to
health, management, sports performance and media.

Competition in Various Sports at National and International Level

Introduction

India is home to a diverse populatin playing many different sports. Field Hockey is the most successful
sports for India at Olympics in which India has won eight Olympic gold medals. Cricket is most popular
sport in India. Kabaddi is most popular indigeneous sport in the country. Other popular sports in India
are Athletics, Badminton, Judo, Football, Basketball, Chess, Shooting, Wrestling, Boxing, Tennis, Squash,
Weightlifting, Gymnastics and TableTennis. Some indigeneous sports like Kho-Kho and Kabaddi are very
popular. Some other sports were originated in India Such as Chessm, Leg Cricket, Snooker. etc. are also
very popular.

Major Responsibilities of National Federations

1. To Select the National Teams.

2. To recommend the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) for official sponsorship.

3. To participate in games conducted under the auspicious of the Intcrnational Olympic Committee
(IOC), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) and South Asian Games
(SAG) Federation

4. To supervise the conduct of State Associations under them.

5. To promote the sport and maintain the decorum of the game.

6. To ensure coordination among state sports.

7. To prepare budget for respective sports.

8. To recommand the names for awards like Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, Arjuna Award and
Dronacharya Award for excellence in sports.

9. To elect the governing body at regular period.

10. To follow the latest rules of intemational federations.

List of International Competitions

In the sport of athletics international competitions between national teams can be distinguished into
four main types:

1. Multi-sports events commonly referred to as Games, where athletics events form part of wider
sporting programme.

2. World championships. The primary competitions where all nations may compete.

3. Continental or regional championships, between nations of a specific geographical area.

4. Competitions where the invited nations or athletes have a shared language, religion, ethnicity,
occupation or political allegiance.

Khelo India Program

Introduction

The importance of sports and fitness in one’s life is invaluable. Playing sports inculcates team spirit,
develops strategic and analytical thinking, leadership skills, www.tiwariacademy.com goal setting and
risk taking. A fit and healthy individual leads to an equally healthy society and strong nation.

The Khelo India Program has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass-root level
by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and establish India as a great sporting
nation.

To accomplish the above objectives, Khelo India Program has been divided into 12 verticals, namely

Khelo India Program

(i) Play field development

(ii) Community coaching development

(iii) State level Khelo India centres

(iv) Annual Sports Competitions

(v) Talent search and development program

(vi) Utilization and Creation/Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure

(vii) Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academics

(viii) Physical fitness of school children

(ix) Sports for Women

(x) Promotion of Spoils amongst people with disabilities

(xi) Sports for peace and development

(xii) Promotion of rural and indigenous/tribal games

Aim of the Khelo India Program

“To make popular the rural, indigenous and the Tribal sport/Games to disseminate information and
pique the curiosity of the present generation about these games and also to encourage children and
youth to take up these games in a major way, paving way for their mainslreaming

Objectiveness of Schemes

To encourage, promote and popularize the indigenous sports and games and those played in the rural
and tribal areas of the country.