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Defining Arduino

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Diksha Nageshwar
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3 views

Defining Arduino

Uploaded by

Diksha Nageshwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Defining Arduino

An Arduino is actually a microcontroller based kit which can be either used


directly by purchasing from the vendor or can be made at home using the
components, owing to its open source hardware feature. It is basically used
in communications and in controlling or operating many devices. It was
founded by Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles in 2005.

Defining Arduino
An Arduino is actually a microcontroller based kit which can be either used
directly by purchasing from the vendor or can be made at home using the
components, owing to its open source hardware feature. It is basically used
in communications and in controlling or operating many devices. It was
founded by Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles in 2005.

Arduino Architecture:
Arduino’s processor basically uses the Harvard architecture where the
program code and program data have separate memory. It consists of two
memories- Program memory and the data memory.The code is stored in the
flash program memory, whereas the data is stored in the data memory. The
Atmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 0.5 KB is
used for the bootloader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM and operates
with a clock speed of 16MHz.

Arduino
Architecture

Arduino Pin Diagram


A typical example of Arduino board is Arduino Uno. It consists of
ATmega328- a 28 pin microcontroller.
Arduino Pin
Diagram
Arduino Uno consists of 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button

Power Jack: Arduino can be power either from the pc through a USB or
through external source like adaptor or a battery. It can operate on a external
supply of 7 to 12V. Power can be applied externally through the pin Vin or
by giving voltage reference through the IORef pin.

Digital Inputs: It consists of 14 digital inputs/output pins, each of which


provide or take up 40mA current. Some of them have special functions like
pins 0 and 1, which act as Rx and Tx respectively , for serial communication,
pins 2 and 3-which are external interrupts, pins 3,5,6,9,11 which provides
pwm output and pin 13 where LED is connected.

Analog inputs: It has 6 analog input/output pins, each providing a resolution


of 10 bits.

ARef: It provides reference to the analog inputs

Reset: It resets the microcontroller when low.

Few of basic Adruino functions are:


 digitalRead(pin): Reads the digital value at the given pin.
 digitalWrite(pin, value): Writes the digital value to the given pin.
 pinMode(pin, mode): Sets the pin to input or output mode.
 analogRead(pin): Reads and returns the value.
 analogWrite(pin, value): Writes the value to that pin.
 serial.begin(baud rate): Sets the beginning of serial communication by
setting the bit rate.
Reasons why Arduino is being preferred these days
1. It is inexpensive
2. It comes with an open source hardware feature which enables users to
develop their own kit using already available one as a reference source.
3. The Arduino software is compatible with all types of operating systems like
Windows, Linux, and Macintosh etc.
4. It also comes with open source software feature which enables
experienced software developers to use the Arduino code to merge with
the existing programming language libraries and can be extended and
modified.
5. It is easy to use for beginners.
6. We can develop an Arduino based project which can be completely stand
alone or projects which involve direct communication with the software
loaded in the computer.
7. It comes with an easy provision of connecting with the CPU of the
computer using serial communication over USB as it contains built in
power and reset circuitry.

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