Problem Set No.2 - Me 306

PROBLEM SET No.
1
HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM
INSTRUCTION:
a. Solve the following problems and show your complete solution.
b. Print this questionnaire and do not write any solutions here. (Just write your name and section)
c. Show your complete solutions in a legal-size paper.
d. Submission will be on November 16, 2024 (SATURDAY UNTIL 5:00 PM)
1. Consider a 2-m-high electric hot water heater that has a diameter of 40 cm and maintains the hot
water at 55°C. The tank is in a small room whose average temperature is 27°C, and the heat
transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the heater are 50 and 12 W/m2 · °C,
respectively. The tank is placed in another 46-cm-diameter sheet metal tank of negligible
thickness, and the space between the two tanks is filled with foam insulation (k 0.03 W/m · °C).
The thermal resistances of the water tank and the outer thin sheet metal shell are very small and
can be neglected. The price of electricity is $0.08/kWh, and the homeowner pays $280 a year
for water heating. Determine the fraction of the hot water energy cost of this household that is due
to the heat loss from the tank. Hot water tank insulation kits consisting of 3-cm-thick fiber glass
insulation (k 0.035 W/m · °C) large enough to wrap the entire tank are available in the market
for about $30. If such an insulation is installed on this water tank by the homeowner himself, how
long will it take for this additional insulation to pay for itself?
2. The boiling temperature of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm pressure) is
196°C. Therefore, nitrogen is commonly used in low-temperature scientific studies
since the temperature of liquid nitrogen in a tank open to the atmosphere will remain constant at
196°C until it is depleted. Any heat transfer to the tank will result in the evaporation of
some liquid nitrogen, which has a heat of vaporization of 198 kJ/kg and a density of 810 kg/m3
at 1 atm. Consider a 3-m-diameter spherical tank that is initially filled with liquid nitrogen at 1
atm and 196°C. The tank is exposed to ambient air at 15°C, with a combined convection and
radiation heat transfer coefficient of 35 W/m2 · °C. The temperature of the thin-shelled spherical
tank is observed to be almost the same as the temperature of the nitrogen inside. Determine the
rate of evaporation of the liquid nitrogen in the tank as a result of the heat transfer from the
ambient air if the tank is:
(a) not insulated,
(b) insulated with 5-cm-thick fiberglass insulation (k 0.035 W/m · °C), and
(c) insulated with 2-cm-thick superinsulation which has an effective thermal conductivity of 0.00005
W/m · °C.
PROBLEM SET No.1
HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM
3. A 10-in.-thick, 30-ft-long, and 10-ft-high wall is to be constructed using 9-in.-long solid bricks (k
0.40 Btu/h · ft ·°F) of cross section 7 in. bricks with nine square air holes (k 7 in., or identical size
0.015 Btu/h · ft · °F) that are 9 in. long and have a cross section of 1.5 in. 1.5 in. There is a 0.5-
in.-thick plaster layer (k 0.10 Btu/h · ft · °F) between two adjacent bricks on all four sides and on
both sides of the wall. The house is maintained at 80°F and the ambient tem perature outside is
30°F. Taking the heat transfer coefficients at the inner and outer surfaces of the wall to be 1.5
and 4 Btu/h · ft2 · °F, respectively, determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall
constructed of:
(a) solid bricks and
(b) bricks with air holes
4. Consider the south wall of a house that is L 0.2 m thick. The outer surface of the wall is exposed to
solar radiation and has an absorptivity of 0.5 for so lar energy. The interior of the house is
maintained at 𝑇∞1 = 20°C, while the ambient air temperature outside remains at 𝑇∞2 5°C. The
sky, the ground, and the surfaces of the surrounding structures at this location can be modeled as a
surface at an effective temperature of 𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦 255 K for radiation exchange on the outer surface.
The radiation exchange between the inner surface of the wall and the surfaces of the walls, floor,
and ceiling it faces is negligible. The con vection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and the
outer surfaces of the wall are h1 6 W/m2 · °C and h1 25 W/m2 · °C, respectively. The thermal con
ductivity of the wall material is k 0.7 W/m · °C, and the emissivity of the outer surface is 2 0.9.
Assuming the heat transfer through the wall to be steady and one-dimensional, express the
boundary conditions on the inner and the outer surfaces of the wall. Find the differential equation
of the problem.

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