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Solved Previous Years Questions

TTM: 06

(Tourism Resources)

Semester III

By @Anurag

1) Explain Buddhist circuit prepare an itinerary of Buddhist circuit.

2) Explain in detail the “Chardham Yatra”.
3) What do you mean by Community Involvement in tourism in Wildlife
Reserves in India.
4) Explain in detail the tourist attractions of Uttar Pradesh.
5) Explain in detail about Jyotirlinga temples in India.
6) Write an essay on any two Biosphere reserve of India.
7) Explain the Tourist attractions of Haridwar and Risikesh emphasising
some adventure activities.
8) Explain in detail Vaishno Devi Yatra, Shirdi and Tirupati Temple.
9) Prepare an itinerary for Gangotri, Yamunotri, Badrinath and Kedarnath.
10) Write an Essay on national parks of India and Wildlife Tourism.
11) Present a study of Vindhyanchal in the context of religious tourism.
12) Briefly discuss about the important tourist sites in Allahabad.
13) Discuss the significance of Ajmer & Nizamuddin Aulia in Islamic
pilgrimage.
14) Write short note on
i.) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
ii.) Agra as a tourist destination.
iii.) Tiger reserves and Elephant projects
iv.) Major fossils park of India
v.) Jain pilgrimage sites
vi.) Significance of Amritsar in Sikh pilgrimage.

Short Answer Questions: -

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1) Explain Buddhist circuit prepare an itinerary of Buddhist circuit.

The Buddhist circuit is a route that follows in the footsteps of the Buddha from his
birthplace in Lumbini, Nepal, to the places where he attained enlightenment, gave
his first teachings, and passed away in India. It is a popular pilgrimage and tourism
destination for Buddhists and others who are interested in the life and teachings of
the Buddha.

There are many possible itineraries for visiting the Buddhist circuit, depending on
the time, budget, and preferences of the travellers. One example of a 7-day
itinerary is as follows:

• Day 1: Proceed from [Delhi, Safdarjung station to Gaya, dinner on board.

• Day 2: Breakfast on board. Arrive at Gaya in the morning. Proceed to Bodh

Gaya by car check in hotel and have lunch. Post lunch sightseeing tour of
Bodh Gaya. Night stay at Bodh Gaya.

• Day 3: Breakfast at hotel in Bodh Gaya. Head for Rajgir, local sightseeing.
Lunch at Rajgir. Post lunch sightseeing tour of Nalanda. Proceed to Gaya
station and head to Varanasi. Dinner and night stay on the train

• Day 4: Breakfast on board. Reach Varanasi in the morning. Car

to Sarnath local sightseeing and lunch at hotel. Post lunch sightseeing tour
of Varanasi, including boat ride and ganga aarti. Dinner at a hotel in
Varanasi. Head back to the train and proceed to Nautanwa, nearest railhead
to Lumbini.

• Day 5: Breakfast on board reach Lumbini in morning. Proceed to Lumbini,

check-in at a hotel for lunch. After lunch, sightseeing tour of Lumbini. Dinner
and night stay in hotel in Lumbini.

• Day 6: Breakfast at hotel and head to Kushinagar. Lunch at Kushinagar

followed by sightseeing. Return to train. Dinner at train. Proceed to
Balarampur, nearest railhead to Sravasti.

• Day 7: Reach Balarampur in the morning. Head to Sravasti for breakfast

followed by lunch. Post lunch sightseeing tour of Sravasti. Back to the train
in the evening. Dinner and night stay on the train. Head for Agra.

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• Day 8: Breakfast on board. Arrive at Agra in the morning. Tour of Taj Mahal. Back to the
train for lunch and proceed to Delhi. Reach Safdarjung Station, Delhi in the evening.

2.) Explain in detail the “Chardham Yatra”.

The Chardham Yatra is a sacred pilgrimage in Hinduism that involves visiting four
holy sites in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. These sites are:

• Yamunotri: The source of the Yamuna river and the seat of Goddess Yamuna. It is
believed that bathing in the river can cleanse one’s sins and protect from untimely
death. The main attraction here is the Yamunotri temple, where a hot spring called
Surya Kund is located. Devotees cook rice and potatoes in the water as an offering to
the goddess.
• Gangotri: The origin of the Ganga river and the abode of Goddess Ganga. It is said
that King Bhagiratha meditated here to bring the river down from heaven to earth.
The main attraction here is the Gangotri temple, which is one of the oldest temples in
India. It is also the starting point of the Gaumukh trek, which leads to the actual
source of the river at the snout of the Gangotri glacier.
• Kedarnath: The highest and most remote of the four sites, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It
is believed that Shiva manifested here as a jyotirlinga, a self-created pillar of light,
after the Kurukshetra war. The main attraction here is the Kedarnath temple, which is
built of massive stone slabs and has a unique architecture. It is also surrounded by
majestic peaks and glaciers, making it a scenic spot.
• Badrinath: The final and most important site, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It is believed
that Vishnu meditated here for thousands of years under a badri (berry) tree, hence
the name. The main attraction here is the Badrinath temple, which is one of the 108
Divya Desams, or holy shrines of Vishnu. It is also known for its hot springs, called
Tapt Kund and Narad Kund, where devotees take a dip before entering the temple.

The Chardham Yatra is considered to be a path to salvation, as it is said that visiting

these sites washes away one’s sins and grants liberation from the cycle of birth and
death. The yatra is usually done in a clockwise direction, starting from Yamunotri

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and ending at Badrinath. The yatra can be done by road or by air (helicopter services
are available). The best time to do the yatra is from April to November, as the
temples are closed during the winter due to heavy snowfall.

However, there is another version of the Chardham Yatra, which covers four holy
sites in different corners of India. These sites are:

• Badrinath: The same site as mentioned above, in the north of India.

• Jagannath Puri: A coastal town in the east of India, famous for the Jagannath
temple, which houses the idols of Lord Jagannath, his brother Balabhadra and
his sister Subhadra. The temple is also the venue of the annual Rath Yatra, or
chariot festival, where the deities are taken out in a procession on huge
wooden chariots. The temple is one of the four pilgrims in Char Dham Yatra.
• Rameshwaram: An island town in the south of India, connected to the
mainland by a bridge. It is believed that Lord Rama built a bridge from here to
Lanka to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. The main
attraction here is the Ramanathaswamy temple, which has the longest
corridor among all Hindu temples. The temple is also one of the 12
Jyotirlingas, or radiant shrines of Shiva. Pilgrims bathe in the 22 sacred wells
inside the temple complex before worshipping the lingam.
• Dwarka: A city in the west of India, on the banks of the Gomti river. It is
believed to be the ancient kingdom of Lord Krishna, who ruled here after
leaving Mathura. The main attraction here is the Dwarkadhish temple, also
known as the Jagat Mandir, which is dedicated to Krishna as the king of
Dwarka. The temple is one of the oldest temples in India and one of the four
pilgrims in Char Dham Yatra. It is also the starting point of the Nageshwar
Jyotirlinga, which is located 12 km away from the city.

This version of the Chardham Yatra is also considered to be a way of attaining

moksha, as it covers the four main deities of Hinduism: Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti and
Brahma. The yatra can be done in any order, but usually starts from the south and
ends in the north. The yatra can be done by train, bus or car. The best time to do the
yatra is from October to March, as the weather is pleasant and the temples are open
throughout the year.
3.) What do you mean by Community Involvement in tourism in Wildlife
Reserves in India.

Community involvement in tourism in wildlife reserves in India means the

participation of local people in the planning, management, and benefits of tourism
activities that are based on the natural and cultural resources of their areas. It also
means the involvement of local people in the conservation and protection of
wildlife and biodiversity, as well as the promotion of their culture and traditions.

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Community involvement in tourism can help to create sustainable livelihoods,

empower local communities, reduce poverty, and enhance environmental
awareness.

Some examples of community involvement in tourism in wildlife reserves in India

are:

• The Eco Development Committees (EDCs) that are formed by the

forest department in various wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
These committees consist of local villagers who are trained and
supported to conduct ecotourism activities such as nature guides,
homestays, handicrafts, etc. The EDCs also receive a share of the
revenue generated from tourism and use it for community development
and conservation projects.
• The Joint Forest Management (JFM) scheme that involves the
collaboration of forest department and local communities in the
protection and management of forest resources. The JFM groups are
given rights and responsibilities to use and conserve the forest
resources, and also benefit from the income generated from tourism
and other activities. The JFM scheme has been implemented in several
wildlife reserves such as Sariska, Ranthambore, Bandhavgarh, etc
• The Community Based Tourism (CBT) initiatives that are led by local
NGOs, social enterprises, or community organizations. These initiatives
aim to create alternative and responsible tourism models that are
owned and managed by local communities. They also focus on
enhancing the quality of life, culture, and environment of the local
people. Some examples of CBT initiatives are the Snow Leopard
Conservancy India Trust in Ladakh, the Kabani Community Tourism and
Services in Wayanad, the Grassroots Journeys in Purushwadi, etc.

4.) Explain in detail the tourist attractions of Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India that boasts of a rich cultural and historical
heritage. It is home to some of the most famous tourist attractions in the country,
such as the Taj Mahal, the Agra Fort, the Varanasi Ghats, and the Ram Janmabhoomi
Temple. Here are some of the details about these and other popular places to visit in
Uttar Pradesh:

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• Taj Mahal: This is one of the seven wonders of the world and a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. It is a white marble mausoleum built by Mughal emperor
Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is located in
Agra and attracts millions of visitors every year. The Taj Mahal is known for
its exquisite architecture, intricate carvings, and stunning gardens. It is open
from 6 am to 7 pm every day except Friday1.

• Agra Fort: This is another UNESCO World Heritage Site and a massive red
sandstone fort that was the main residence of the Mughal emperors until
1638. It is also located in Agra and covers an area of 94 acres. The fort
contains several palaces, mosques, halls, and towers, each with its own
history and significance. Some of the notable structures are the Diwan-i-Aam,
the Diwan-i-Khas, the Sheesh Mahal, the Moti Masjid, and the Jahangiri
Mahal2.

• Varanasi: This is one of the oldest and holiest cities in India, situated on the
banks of the river Ganga. It is considered to be the spiritual capital of India
and a sacred place for Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains. Varanasi is famous for
its ghats, which are steps leading to the river where people perform rituals,
prayers, and cremations. Some of the prominent ghats are the
Dashashwamedh Ghat, the Manikarnika Ghat, the Assi Ghat, and the
Harishchandra Ghat. Varanasi is also known for its temples, such as the Kashi
Vishwanath Temple, the Sankat Mochan Temple, the Durga Temple, and the
Bharat Mata Temple.

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• Ram Janmabhoomi Temple: This is a newly constructed temple dedicated to

Lord Ram, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu and the hero of the epic
Ramayana. It is located in Ayodhya, the birthplace of Ram and the capital of
his kingdom. The temple is built on the site where a 16th-century mosque,
known as the Babri Masjid, once stood. The mosque was demolished by
Hindu activists in 1992, sparking communal riots and legal disputes. The
Supreme Court of India finally ruled in favor of the temple construction in
2019, and the foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in
2020. The temple is expected to be completed by 2024.

These are just some of the tourist attractions of Uttar Pradesh. There are many more
places to explore and experience in this diverse and vibrant state.
5.) Explain in detail about Jyotirlinga temples in India.

Jyotirlinga temples are the holy shrines where Lord Shiva, one of the principal deities of Hinduism, is
worshipped in the form of a lingam, a symbol of his infinite power and radiance. The word Jyotirlinga
means ‘lingam of light’ and it is believed that Shiva manifested himself as a pillar of light at these
places. There are 12 Jyotirlinga temples in India, each representing a different aspect of Shiva and
having a unique legend and significance. Here is a brief overview of the 12 Jyotirlinga temples in
India:

• Somnath in Gujarat: The first and most ancient Jyotirlinga temple, Somnath is said to
have been built by the moon god after he was cured of a curse by Shiva. The temple has
been destroyed and rebuilt several times by invaders and rulers, but its sanctity remains
intact.
• Mallikarjuna in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh: The second Jyotirlinga temple, Mallikarjuna
is located on the banks of the Krishna river and is also known as Srisailam. It is believed
that Shiva and his consort Parvati reside here as Mallikarjuna and Bhramaramba. The
temple is also one of the 18 Shakti Peethas, where Parvati’s body parts fell after her
death.
• Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh: The third Jyotirlinga temple, Mahakaleshwar
is situated on the banks of the Kshipra river and is one of the seven sacred cities of
Hinduism. It is said that Shiva appeared here as Mahakala, the lord of time and death, to
protect his devotee from a demon. The temple is famous for its Bhasma Aarti, where the
lingam is worshipped with sacred ash.
• Omkareshwar in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh: The fourth Jyotirlinga temple,
Omkareshwar is located on an island shaped like the sacred syllable Om in the
Narmada river. It is said that Shiva appeared here as Omkareshwar, the lord of Om, after
a dispute between the gods and the demons. The temple is also known for its
architectural beauty and scenic surroundings.
• Baidyanath in Deoghar, Jharkhand: The fifth Jyotirlinga temple, Baidyanath is also called
Vaidyanath, meaning the lord of physicians. It is said that Shiva cured Ravana, the king
of Lanka, of a wound inflicted by Lord Rama, and granted him a boon of a powerful
lingam. However, Ravana could not take the lingam to Lanka, as it got fixed at this place.
The temple is also one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, where Parvati’s heart fell.
• Bhimashankar in Maharashtra: The sixth Jyotirlinga temple, Bhimashankar is located in
the Sahyadri hills and is surrounded by dense forests and wildlife. It is said that Shiva
appeared here as Bhimashankar, the lord of strength, after he killed a demon named
Bhima, who had tormented the sages and the gods. The temple is also a source of the
Bhima river, a tributary of the Krishna river.

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• Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu: The seventh Jyotirlinga temple, Rameshwaram is located

on an island in the Gulf of Mannar and is connected to the mainland by a bridge. It is
said that Shiva appeared here as Rameshwara, the lord of Rama, after he was
worshipped by Lord Rama, who wanted to atone for killing Ravana, a devotee of Shiva.
The temple is also known for its long corridors and ornate pillars.
• Nageshwar in Dwarka, Gujarat: The eighth Jyotirlinga temple, Nageshwar is located near
the ancient city of Dwarka, where Lord Krishna ruled. It is said that Shiva appeared here
as Nageshwar, the lord of snakes, after he saved his devotee from a snake demon. The
temple is also home to a large statue of Shiva and a sacred pond.
• Kashi Vishwanath in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh: The ninth Jyotirlinga temple, Kashi
Vishwanath is located in the holy city of Varanasi, also known as Kashi, on the banks of
the Ganga river. It is said that Shiva appeared here as Vishwanath, the lord of the
universe, and blessed the city with eternal peace and prosperity. The temple is also one
of the 12 Adi Shakti Peethas, where Parvati’s earrings fell.
• Trimbakeshwar in Nasik, Maharashtra: The tenth Jyotirlinga temple, Trimbakeshwar is
located at the source of the Godavari river, the longest river in peninsular India. It is said
that Shiva appeared here as Trimbakeshwar, the lord of the three worlds, after he
calmed down the river, which had flooded due to the sins of the people. The temple is
also the site of the Kumbh Mela, a massive religious gathering that occurs every 12
years.
• Kedarnath in Uttarakhand: The eleventh Jyotirlinga temple, Kedarnath is located in the
Himalayas, at an altitude of 3584 meters. It is said that Shiva appeared here as
Kedarnath, the lord of Kedar, after he fled from the Pandavas, who wanted to seek his
forgiveness for killing their cousins, the Kauravas. The temple is also one of the four Char
Dham, the most sacred pilgrimage sites of Hinduism.
• Grishneshwar in Aurangabad, Maharashtra: The twelfth and last Jyotirlinga temple,
Grishneshwar is located near the Ellora caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is said
that Shiva appeared here as Grishneshwar, the lord of compassion, after he restored the
life of a devotee’s son, who had been killed by his stepmother. The temple is also one of
the 18 Shakti Peethas, where Parvati’s elbow fell.

These are the 12 Jyotirlinga temples in India, where you can experience the divine presence and
blessings of Lord Shiva. 🙏

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6.) Write an essay on any two Biosphere reserve of India.

Two of the biosphere reserves of India are: Nanda Devi and Sundarbans.

Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of Uttarakhand, in the

Western Himalayas. It covers an area of 5860 square kilometers and includes two
core zones: Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park. It was
established in 1988 and became a part of the UNESCO World Network of
Biosphere Reserves in 2004.

The biosphere reserve is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including
many endemic and endangered species. Some of the notable plants are Brahma
Kamal, blue poppy, primula, rhododendron, and juniper. Some of the notable
animals are snow leopard, Himalayan black bear, musk deer, brown bear, and
Himalayan tahr. The biosphere reserve also has a high cultural and religious
significance, as it is associated with the legends of Nanda Devi, the patron goddess
of Uttarakhand, and the Hindu epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The main threats to the biosphere reserve are climate change, poaching, illegal
grazing, tourism, and infrastructure development. The management of the
biosphere reserve involves the participation of local communities, government
agencies, NGOs, and research institutions. The main objectives are to conserve the
biodiversity, promote sustainable development, and support scientific research and
education.

Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve

Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of West Bengal, in the

Gangetic Delta. It covers an area of 9630 square kilometers and includes one core
zone: Sundarbans National Park. It was established in 1989 and became a part of
the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2001.

The biosphere reserve is the largest mangrove forest in the world, and a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. It is a unique ecosystem that supports a variety of terrestrial
and aquatic life forms, including many rare and threatened species. Some of the
notable plants are sundari, gewa, goran, kankra, and hental. Some of the notable
animals are royal Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, Irrawaddy dolphin, fishing cat,
and king cobra. The biosphere reserve also has a high socio-economic importance,
as it provides livelihoods, food, fuel, and other resources to millions of people
living in and around the area.

The main threats to the biosphere reserve are sea level rise, cyclones, floods,
salinity intrusion, deforestation, overfishing, pollution, and human-wildlife

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conflict. The management of the biosphere reserve involves the coordination of

various stakeholders, such as the forest department, the coast guard, the fisheries
department, the local panchayats, the NGOs, and the local communities. The main
objectives are to protect the mangrove ecosystem, enhance the livelihoods of the
people, and raise awareness and education about the conservation issues.

These are the two biosphere reserves of India. 😊

7.) Explain the Tourist attractions of Haridwar and Risikesh emphasising

some adventure activities.

Haridwar and Rishikesh are two of the most popular tourist destinations in
Uttarakhand, India. They are both known for their religious and spiritual
significance, as well as their natural beauty and adventure activities. Here are some
of the tourist attractions of Haridwar and Rishikesh, with a focus on some
adventure activities:

• Har Ki Pauri: This is the most sacred ghat in Haridwar, where the Ganga
river flows. It is the site of the famous Ganga Aarti, a ritual of light and
sound that takes place every evening. Thousands of devotees and visitors
gather here to witness and participate in this ceremony, which is a spectacle
of devotion and culture. People can also take a dip in the holy river and
cleanse their sins.

• Triveni Ghat: This is the main ghat in Rishikesh, where the Ganga,
Yamuna and Saraswati rivers meet. It is also the place where the Ganga
Aarti is performed every evening, with hundreds of lamps floating on the
river. People can also enjoy a boat ride on the river and admire the scenic
views of the mountains and the bridges.

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• Shri Mata Mansa Devi Mandir: This is a temple dedicated to Mansa Devi,
a form of Goddess Durga, who is believed to fulfill the wishes of her
devotees. The temple is located on a hilltop and can be reached by a cable
car or a trek. The temple offers a panoramic view of the city and the river.
You can also tie a thread on the branches of a sacred tree and make a wish.
• Neelkanth Mahadev Temple: This is a temple dedicated to Neelkanth, a
form of Lord Shiva, who is said to have consumed the poison that emerged
from the churning of the ocean. The temple is located on a hill and can be
reached by a road or a trek. The temple is surrounded by lush green forests
and streams. We can also visit the nearby waterfalls and caves.

• Rajaji National Park: This is a national park that covers an area of 820
square kilometers and is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers,
elephants, leopards, deer, monkeys and birds. The park also has a rich flora
and fauna, with many medicinal plants and herbs. Tourists can enjoy a safari
in the park and spot the animals in their natural habitat. People can also visit
the park’s museum and interpretation center.

• Parmarth Niketan Ashram: This is one of the largest and oldest ashrams
in Rishikesh, where you can learn and practice yoga, meditation, spirituality
and Ayurveda. The ashram also organizes many cultural and social events,
such as the International Yoga Festival, the Ganga Dussehra Festival and the
World Peace Prayer. People can also stay in the ashram and experience the
simple and serene lifestyle of the ashram.
• River Rafting: This is one of the most thrilling and adventurous activities
that you can do in Rishikesh. You can raft on the rapids of the Ganga river,
ranging from grade I to grade IV, depending on your skill and preference.
You can also enjoy the scenic views of the mountains, forests and temples
along the way. people can also camp on the river banks and enjoy bonfires,
music and games.

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• Bungee Jumping: This is another exciting and adrenaline-pumping activity

that you can do in Rishikesh. People can jump from a height of 83 meters,
attached to a cord, and experience the free fall and the bounce. People can
also get a certificate and a T-shirt as a souvenir of your jump. People can
also try other activities like flying fox, giant swing and cliff jumping at the
same location.

8.) Explain in detail Vaishno Devi Yatra, Shirdi and Tirupati Temple.

These three famous pilgrimage sites in India. Here is some information about each
of them:

Vaishno Devi Yatra

Vaishno Devi Yatra is a spiritual journey to the shrine of Mata Vaishno Devi, a
form of Goddess Durga, located in the Trikuta Hills of Katra, Jammu and Kashmir.
The shrine is one of the 52 Maha Shakti Peethas, where the body parts of Goddess
Sati fell after her self-immolation. The shrine consists of three natural rock
formations, called Pindis, that represent the three forms of the Goddess: Mahakali,
Mahalakshmi and Mahasaraswati. The devotees have to trek about 15 km from
Katra to reach the shrine, or they can use other modes of transportation such as
mules, helicopters, ropeways or battery cars. The yatra is open throughout the year,
but the peak season is from March to October. The devotees have to register online
or offline for the yatra and obtain a Yatra Parchi, which is a token for entry. The
yatra also involves visiting other places of religious and historical importance, such
as Banganga, Charan Paduka, Adhkuwari, Bhaironath Temple and Ardhkuwari
Cave. The yatra culminates with the darshan of the Pindis and the offering of
prayers and prasad to the Goddess.

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Shirdi

Shirdi is a town in Maharashtra, where the famous saint Sai Baba lived and
preached his teachings of love, faith and compassion. Sai Baba is revered by
people of different religions and sects, as he embodied the universal values of
humanity and harmony. The main attraction of Shirdi is the Samadhi Mandir,
where the mortal remains of Sai Baba are enshrined in a marble tomb. The
devotees can have the darshan of the tomb and the life-size statue of Sai Baba, and
also participate in the daily rituals and ceremonies, such as the Kakad Aarti, the
Madhyan Aarti, the Dhoop Aarti and the Shej Aarti. The devotees can also visit
other places associated with Sai Baba, such as the Dwarkamai, the Chavadi, the
Gurusthan, the Khandoba Temple, the Lendi Baug and the Abdul Baba Cottage.
The devotees can also experience the miracles and blessings of Sai Baba, such as
the Udi, the holy ash, the Neem leaves, the Prasad and the Vibhuti. Shirdi

Tirupati Temple

Tirupati Temple, also known as the Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple, is a Hindu
temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu, located in the Tirumala Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
The temple is one of the richest and most visited temples in the world, and is also
one of the 108 Divya Desams, the holy abodes of Vishnu. The temple is famous for
its Dravidian architecture, its gold-plated gopuram, its sanctum sanctorum, its idol
of Vishnu, and its sacred laddu prasad. The devotees have to climb the seven hills,
or use buses or cars, to reach the temple. The devotees have to book online or
offline for the darshan of the idol, which is adorned with various ornaments and
flowers. The devotees can also witness and participate in the various sevas and
rituals, such as the Suprabhatam, the Thomala Seva, the Archana, the
Kalyanotsavam, the Sahasra Deepalankara Seva and the Ekanta Seva. The
devotees can also visit other temples and attractions nearby, such as the
Padmavathi Temple, the Govindaraja Temple, the Kapila Theertham, the
Akasaganga Teertham and the Silathoranam.

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9.) Prepare an itinerary for Gangotri, Yamunotri, Badrinath and Kedarnath.

Gangotri, Yamunotri, Badrinath and Kedarnath are the four holy sites that
constitute the Char Dham Yatra, a sacred pilgrimage in the Himalayas. Here is a
sample itinerary for visiting these places:

Day 1: Arrive at Haridwar or Dehradun and drive to Barkot, a town near

Yamunotri. Stay overnight at a hotel or camp.

Day 2: Drive to Jankichatti, the base point for the trek to Yamunotri. Trek 6 km to
reach the Yamunotri temple, dedicated to Goddess Yamuna. Have darshan and
perform puja at the temple. Return to Jankichatti and drive back to Barkot. Stay
overnight at a hotel or camp.

Day 3: Drive to Uttarkashi, a town near Gangotri. En route, visit the Prakateshwar
Cave, a natural cave with stalactite formations. Stay overnight at a hotel or camp.

Day 4: Drive to Gangotri, the source of the Ganga river. Have darshan and perform
puja at the Gangotri temple, dedicated to Goddess Ganga. Optionally, you can also
trek to Gaumukh, the actual source of the river, which is 18 km from Gangotri.
Return to Uttarkashi and stay overnight at a hotel or camp.

Day 5: Drive to Guptkashi, a town near Kedarnath. En route, visit the Tehri Dam,
the highest dam in India. Stay overnight at a hotel or camp.

Day 6: Drive to Gaurikund, the base point for the trek to Kedarnath. Trek 16 km to
reach the Kedarnath temple, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. Have
darshan and perform puja at the temple. Optionally, you can also visit the nearby
places like Bhaironath Temple, Chorabari Lake and Vasuki Tal. Stay overnight at a
hotel or camp near the temple.

Day 7: Trek back to Gaurikund and drive to Joshimath, a town near Badrinath. En
route, visit the Chopta Valley, a scenic spot with views of the Himalayas. Stay
overnight at a hotel or camp.

Day 8: Drive to Badrinath, the abode of Lord Vishnu. Have darshan and perform
puja at the Badrinath temple, one of the 108 Divya Desams of Vishnu. Optionally,
you can also visit the nearby places like Tapt Kund, Brahma Kapal, Mana Village,
Vyas Gufa and Saraswati River. Return to Joshimath and stay overnight at a hotel
or camp.

Day 9: Drive back to Haridwar or Dehradun. En route, visit the Devprayag, the
confluence of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers, which form the Ganga river.
Depart for your onward journey.

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10.) Write an Essay on national parks of India and Wildlife Tourism.

National parks of India and wildlife tourism:

National parks are protected areas that conserve the natural and cultural heritage of
a country. India has over 100 national parks, covering about 4% of its land area.
These national parks are home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including
many endemic and endangered species.

Wildlife tourism is a form of tourism that involves visiting and observing the
wildlife in their natural habitats. India is one of the most popular destinations for
wildlife tourism, as it offers a variety of wildlife experiences, such as safaris, treks,
camps, birdwatching, photography, and more.

The national parks of India are classified into different categories, such as tiger
reserves, elephant reserves, biosphere reserves, and world heritage sites. Some of
the most famous national parks of India are:

• Corbett National Park: This is the oldest and one of the most visited
national parks in India, located in Uttarakhand. It is known for its
population of Bengal tigers, as well as other animals like elephants,
leopards, crocodiles, deer, and monkeys. It also has a rich birdlife, with
over 500 species of birds. The park offers jeep and elephant safaris, as
well as nature walks and river rafting.
• Ranthambore National Park: This is one of the largest and most
renowned national parks in India, located in Rajasthan. It is famous for
its tigers, which can be seen in their natural habitat. It also has other
animals like leopards, bears, hyenas, jackals, and foxes. It also has a
historical significance, as it has many ruins of forts, temples, and
palaces. The park offers jeep and canter safaris, as well as cultural
shows and folk dances.
• Kaziranga National Park: This is a world heritage site and a biosphere
reserve, located in Assam. It is the habitat of the one-horned
rhinoceros, which is the largest population in the world. It also has
other animals like elephants, buffaloes, tigers, deer, and dolphins. It
also has a diverse birdlife, with over 400 species of birds. The park
offers jeep and elephant safaris, as well as boat rides and village tours.
• Sunderban National Park: This is another world heritage site and a
biosphere reserve, located in West Bengal. It is the largest mangrove
forest in the world, and a unique ecosystem that supports a variety of
terrestrial and aquatic life forms. It is the home of the royal Bengal tiger,
as well as other animals like crocodiles, turtles, otters, and monkeys.

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It also has a rich birdlife, with over 300 species of birds. The park offers
boat and cruise safaris, as well as nature walks and cultural programs.

• Gir National Park: This is the only place in the world where the Asiatic
lion can be found, located in Gujarat. It is also the habitat of other
animals like leopards, hyenas, deer, and antelopes. It also has a diverse
birdlife, with over 300 species of birds. The park offers jeep and bus
safaris, as well as nature trails and tribal visits.

These are some of the national parks of India that attract wildlife
tourists from all over the world. Wildlife tourism in India is a rewarding
and responsible way of exploring the natural and cultural heritage of the
country. It also contributes to the conservation and awareness of the
wildlife and their habitats. Wildlife tourism in India is a must-do for any
nature and adventure lover. 😊

11.) Present a study of Vindhyanchal in the context of religious tourism.

Vindhyanchal is a town in Uttar Pradesh, situated on the banks of the Ganga river.
It is a famous Hindu pilgrimage spot, known for its temples dedicated to the
Goddess Shakti, or the divine feminine energy. The town is also mentioned in the
ancient Hindu scriptures, such as the Puranas and the Ramayana. Vindhyanchal
attracts religious tourists from all over the country and abroad, who come here to
seek the blessings of the Goddess and perform various rituals and ceremonies.

The main attraction of Vindhyanchal is the Maa Vindhyavasini Temple, which is

one of the 52 Maha Shakti Peethas, where the body parts of Goddess Sati fell after
her self-immolation. The temple houses the idol of the Goddess, who is
worshipped as the presiding deity of the Vindhya mountain range. The temple is
located on a hilltop and can be reached by a steep road or a cable car. The temple is
crowded with devotees throughout the year, especially during the Navratri festival,
when the whole town is decorated with lights and flowers.

Another important temple in Vindhyanchal is the Ashtabhuja Temple, which is

dedicated to the eight-armed form of the Goddess. The temple is situated on
another hill, which can be accessed by a road or a trek. The temple is believed to
be the place where the Goddess escaped from the demon king Kansa, who wanted
to kill her. The temple offers a panoramic view of the town and the river.

The third temple that completes the holy triangle of Vindhyanchal is the Kali Khoh
Temple, which is dedicated to the fierce form of the Goddess. The temple is
located in a cave, which can be reached by a road or a trek. The temple has a black
stone idol of the Goddess, who is also known as Kajala Devi. The temple is visited
by devotees who seek protection from evil and misfortune.

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Apart from these three temples, Vindhyanchal also has other places of religious
and historical significance, such as the Sita Kund, where Goddess Sita is said to
have bathed after her exile; the Ram Gaya Ghat, where Lord Rama is said to have
performed the last rites of his father; the Kankali Devi Temple, where Goddess
Kali is said to have killed the demon Raktabija; and the Vindhyachal Fort, which
was built by the Mughal emperor Akbar.

Vindhyanchal is a place where religion, culture, and nature blend together to create
a unique and spiritual experience for the tourists. It is a place where the Goddess is
revered in her various forms and manifestations, and where the devotees can feel
her presence and power. Vindhyanchal is a place where the ancient and the modern
coexist in harmony, and where the sacred and the scenic complement each other.
Vindhyachal is a place that deserves to be explored and appreciated by the
religious tourists. 😊

12.) Briefly discuss about the important tourist sites in Allahabad.

Allahabad, also known as Prayagraj, is a city in Uttar Pradesh that has a rich
historical and cultural heritage. It is also a major religious destination, as it hosts
the Kumbh Mela, the largest gathering of pilgrims in the world. Some of the
important tourist sites in Allahabad are:

• Triveni Sangam: This is the confluence of three rivers - Ganga, Yamuna,

and Saraswati (a mythical river). It is considered to be a sacred place,
where devotees take a dip in the holy water and perform rituals. It is
also the venue of the Kumbh Mela, which occurs once every 12 years.

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• Allahabad Fort: This is a massive fort built by the Mughal emperor

Akbar in 1583. It is located on the banks of the Yamuna river and has
many monuments and structures inside, such as the Patalpuri Temple,
the Ashoka Pillar, the Saraswati Kund, and the Jodhabai Palace. The fort
is also a part of the Archeological Survey of India and has a museum
that displays various artefacts and weapons.
• Allahabad Museum: This is one of the oldest and most renowned
museums in India, established in 1931. It has a rich collection of
paintings, sculptures, coins, manuscripts, and other items related to
the history, art, and culture of India. It also has a gallery dedicated to
the freedom movement and the Nehru-Gandhi family. The museum is
located in the Chandrashekhar Azad Park, which is also a popular
tourist attraction.

• Anand Bhawan: This is the former residence of the Nehru-Gandhi

family, which has now been converted into a museum. It showcases the
personal belongings, photographs, documents, and memorabilia of the
prominent leaders of the Indian National Congress, such as Motilal
Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and Rajiv Gandhi. It also has a
planetarium, a library, and a souvenir shop.
• Khusro Bagh: This is a large garden that contains the tombs of Khusrau
Mirza, the son of Akbar, and his mother Shah Begum, and his sister
Nithar Begum. The tombs are examples of Mughal architecture and
have intricate carvings and designs. The garden is also a popular picnic
spot and a place of historical importance.

These are some of the important tourist sites in Allahabad. 😊

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13.) Discuss the significance of Ajmer & Nizamuddin Aulia in Islamic

pilgrimage.

Ajmer and Nizamuddin Aulia are two important places in Islamic pilgrimage, as they are
associated with the Sufi tradition of Islam. Sufism is a mystical and spiritual branch of
Islam that emphasizes the love and devotion to God and the saints. Sufis believe that by
following the teachings and practices of the saints, they can attain a closer connection
with God and achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Ajmer is a city in Rajasthan, where the shrine of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti (d. 1236) is
located. He was one of the earliest and most revered Sufi saints of South Asia, who
founded the Chishti order of Sufism in India. He is also known as Gharib Nawaz, or the
benefactor of the poor, as he was known for his generosity and compassion towards the
needy. His shrine, also known as the Dargah Sharif, is one of the most visited Sufi shrines
in the world, attracting millions of pilgrims every year, especially during the annual Urs
festival, which commemorates his death anniversary. The shrine is also a symbol of
communal harmony, as people of different faiths and backgrounds visit it to seek the
blessings of the saint.

Nizamuddin Aulia (d. 1325) was another prominent Sufi saint of the Chishti order, who
was the successor of Muinuddin Chishti. He was based in Delhi, where he preached his
message of love, faith, and compassion to the masses. He was also known as Mahbub-e-
Ilahi, or the beloved of God, as he was believed to have a special bond with God. His
tomb, located in the Nizamuddin Dargah area of Delhi, is also a major pilgrimage site,
where thousands of devotees visit every day to pay their respects and offer prayers. The
tomb is also surrounded by other historical and cultural monuments, such as the Jamaat
Khana Masjid, the Chausath Khamba, the Mirza Ghalib’s tomb, and the Humayun’s
tomb. The tomb is also famous for its Qawwali music, a form of devotional singing that is
performed by the Sufi singers at the shrine.

These are the two places that have a significant role in Islamic pilgrimage, as they
represent the Sufi heritage and legacy of India. They are also places where people can
experience the spiritual and cultural diversity of India, and the universal values of love,
peace, and harmony. 😊

14.) Write short note on

i.) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary

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Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Kerala, India, that is known for its
elephant and tiger reserve. It covers an area of 925 square kilometers and includes
a 305 square kilometer core zone that was declared as the Periyar National Park in
1982. The sanctuary is situated in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the
Western Ghats and is a biodiversity hotspot. It has a variety of flora and fauna,
such as the rare lion-tailed macaque, the Nilgiri tahr, the Malabar giant squirrel, the
great hornbill, and the king cobra. The sanctuary also has a man-made lake, formed
by the Periyar dam, that offers boat safaris and scenic views. The sanctuary is a
popular destination for wildlife tourism, as it offers various activities, such as jeep
safaris, trekking, camping, and bamboo rafting.

ii.) Agra as a tourist destination

Agra is a city in Uttar Pradesh that is famous for its Mughal-era monuments,
especially the Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world. The Taj Mahal is
a white marble mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal and is
a symbol of love and beauty. Agra also has other attractions, such as the Agra Fort,
a red sandstone fortress that was the residence and capital of the Mughal emperors;
the Itimad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb, a delicate marble structure that is also known as the
Baby Taj; and the Fatehpur Sikri, a city built by Akbar that showcases the blend of
Hindu and Islamic architecture. Agra is a major tourist destination that attracts
millions of visitors every year, who come to admire the rich heritage and culture of
the Mughal era.

iii.) Tiger reserves and Elephant projects

Tiger reserves and elephant projects are conservation initiatives in India that aim to
protect the habitats and populations of these endangered species.

Tiger reserves are areas that have been designated as priority sites for tiger
conservation under the Project Tiger, which was launched in 1973 by the
Government of India. There are currently 51 tiger reserves in India, covering about
2.2% of the country’s land area. Tiger reserves are managed by the National Tiger
Conservation Authority (NTCA), which provides financial and technical support to
the state governments. Tiger reserves have a core zone, where human activities are
restricted, and a buffer zone, where co-existence with local communities is

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promoted. Tiger reserves also conserve other wildlife, such as leopards, elephants,
deer, and birds.

Elephant projects are areas that have been identified as important for elephant
conservation under the Project Elephant, which was launched in 1992 by the
Government of India. There are currently 32 elephant projects in India, covering
about 3.8% of the country’s land area. Elephant projects are managed by the
Project Elephant Division, which provides financial and technical assistance to the
state governments. Elephant projects aim to secure the elephant corridors, mitigate
human-elephant conflict, enhance habitat quality, and promote research and
awareness. Elephant projects also protect other wildlife, such as tigers, rhinos,
bears, and monkeys.

These are the two conservation initiatives that have been undertaken by India to
safeguard its rich and diverse wildlife heritage.

iv.) Major fossils park of Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand

Major fossils park of UP & UK are places where the fossilized remains of ancient plants and
animals are preserved and displayed. These parks showcase the geological and biological
history of India, and offer a glimpse into the life forms that existed millions or billions of
years ago. Some of the major fossil parks are:

• Salkhan Fossils Park: This is a fossil park in Sonbhadra district of Uttar

Pradesh, where fossils of algae and stromatolites are found. These fossils are
estimated to be over 1.4 billion years old, dating back to the Proterozoic era.
The fossils appear as rings on the boulders and are spread over an area of 25
hectares. The park is also a part of the Kaimoor Wildlife range and attracts
geologists and tourists from all over the world.

• Lalitpur Fossils Park: This is a fossil park in Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh,
where fossils of plants and animals are found. These fossils are estimated to
be 65 million years old, dating back to the Cretaceous period. The fossils
include ferns, cycads, conifers, and dinosaurs. The park is also a part of the
Bundelkhand region and has a museum that displays the fossils and other
information. [Lalitpur Fossils Park]
• Mussorie Fossils Park: This is a fossil park in Mussorie town of Uttarakhand,
where fossils of marine animals are found. These fossils are estimated to be
180 million years old, dating back to the Jurassic period. The fossils include
ammonites, belemnites, corals, and bivalves. The park is also a part of the
Himalayan foothills and has a scenic view of the mountains and valleys.

These are the major fossil parks of UP & uttarakhand that preserve and display the ancient
life forms and geological history of India.

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v.) Jain pilgrimage sites

Jain pilgrimage sites are places where Jains visit to worship and pay respect to the
Tirthankaras, the enlightened teachers of Jainism. Jain pilgrimage sites are usually
temples or hills that have historical or religious significance for the Jain community.
Some of the most famous Jain pilgrimage sites in India are:

• Ranakpur Jain Temple in Rajasthan, which is one of the largest and most
intricate Jain temples in the world, dedicated to the first Tirthankara, Adinath.
• Khajuraho Temples in Madhya Pradesh, which are a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, known for their erotic sculptures and architecture. Among them, the
Shantinath Temple is a Jain temple that has a 16-feet statue of the 16th
Tirthankara, Shantinath.
• Shatrunjaya Hill in Gujarat, which is a sacred hill that has over 900 temples
and shrines, dating back to the 11th century. It is believed that the 22nd
Tirthankara, Neminath, attained nirvana here.
• Sammed Shikharji in Jharkhand, which is another sacred hill that has over 20
temples and shrines, dating back to the 9th century. It is believed that 20 of
the 24 Tirthankaras attained nirvana here.
• Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, which is a town that has two hills, Vindhyagiri
and Chandragiri, that have many temples and monuments. The most famous
attraction is the 57-feet statue of the 24th Tirthankara, Bahubali, carved out of
a single rock on Vindhyagiri Hill.

vi.) Significance of Amritsar in Sikh pilgrimage.

Amritsar is a city in Punjab that is the spiritual and cultural center of Sikhism, the
fifth largest world religion. Amritsar is the home of the Harmandir Sahib, also
known as the Golden Temple, which is the most sacred shrine for Sikhs. The
Golden Temple was built by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan, in the 16th century,
and houses the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism. Sikhs from all
over the world visit Amritsar to pay their respects and worship at the Golden
Temple, especially during the annual festivals of Vaisakhi, Guru Nanak Jayanti,
and Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti. Amritsar is also the site of many historical events
and monuments related to Sikhism, such as the Jallianwala Bagh, the Akal Takht,
the Ram Bagh, and the Wagah Border. Amritsar is a place where Sikhs can
experience the spiritual and cultural heritage of their faith and identity.

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Short Answer Questions: -

Lord Buddha attained Mahapariniravana in Kushinagar. (True/False) -

True
One can enjoy white water rafting in Rishikesh. (True/False) – True
Write the name of famous Hill-Station in West Bengal. – Siliguri &
Darjeeling
Write the name of any two Shaktipeeths in India. – Mahakali
Temple (in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh) & Kamakhya Temple (in
Guwahati, Assam)
Where is the Dhammekh stupa situated? – Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh)
Chitrakoot is a pilgrimage site. (True/False) – True
Where is the origin of River Ganga? – Himalaya Mountains at
Gomukh
Write the name of any two biosphere reserves in India – Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve & Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
In which popular story Chunar Fort finds a mention? – Chandrakanta,
(a popular Hindi novel by Devaki Nandan Khatri)
In which city Golden Temple is situated? – Amritsar, (Punjab)
Akbar’s Red Fort is situated in – Agra, (Uttar Pradesh) Akbar’s Red
Fort is another name for the Agra Fort.
Lord ……… is worshipped in Badrinath Temple – Lord Vishnu
Bodh Gaya is situated in the ……… state of India – Bihar
Lumbini is known as the birthplace of – Gautam Budhha
Ajmer is situated in ……. State – Rajasthan
Kamakhya temple is in ……. district of ……. – Kampur District, Assam
Corbett National Park is famous for – Being home of large number of
Tigers.
The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in – Kerala state
Sharavanbelgola is a religious site of which religion? – Jain
Vaishno Devi Temple is situated in – Katra, Jammu and Kashmir

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What is the name of airport in Ayodhya? - Maharishi Valmiki

International Airport, Ayodhya Dham
Saketa is the old name of which place? – Ayodhya
Name two tourist spots of Jhansi – Jhansi fort & Jhansi herbal
garden.

For Any Queries/Feedback:

@Akumarr_

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