Information

Technology
Practical File
For Secondary School Certificate Examination

2024-2025

By

Himanshu Choudhary

Submitted to:Mr. Krishan Singh Sir

4C Colony Jamna Kothi,

New Loha Mandi Rd, Harmada,

Jaipur, Rajasthan 302013
 Acknowledgment

First and foremost, I would like to thank our English Teacher (Name of
Teacher) who guided us in doing these projects. He provided us with
invaluable advice and helped us in difficult periods. His motivation and help
contributed tremendously to the successful completion of the project.

Besides, we would like to thank all the teachers who helped us by giving us
advice and providing the equipment which we needed.

Also I would like to thank my family and friends for their support. Without that
support we couldn’t have succeeded in completing this project.

At last but not in least, we would like to thank everyone

who helped and motivated us to work on this project.
 Index

Open Office Writer …...........

Open Office Calc .…...........
Open Office Database …...........
 Open Office Writer
1. Style Tool;
In Open Office Writer some text formatting like font size, font
alignment and font face are by default saved in the software. Those
predefined formatting are called style.

For example sometime a user wants to format a heading

aligned center, text bold and underlined in comparison to the
paragraph. In this case applying all formatting features in all
headings, we can create a style which would save a lot of
time.

Types of Styles
In Open Office ‘Style and Formatting Window’ is used to create, update and delete the style. F11 is
the shortcut key to get 'Style and Formatting Window.' It provides different options:

1) Paragraph Style is used to set font face, font size. line spaces in a Paragraph.

2) Character Style is used to set font face, font size on a sentence.

3) Frame Style is used to set graphics, labels, watermark in a Frame.

4) Page Style is used to set page or indentation, header, footer in a Page.

5) List Style is used to set list in alphabet, number, roman (a, b, c; 1, 2, 3; I ,ii, iii,)

6) Fill Format Mode is used to format a sentence super fast.

7) New Style from selection is used to create own style.

 What are the advantages of styles?
When using styles, we talk about indirect or "soft" formatting.
This means that you don't apply the formatting to the text, but define it in the styles and then apply it
to the text.
In a style/paragraph style you can adjust several properties for your needs at the same time.
For example, font, font size, font color, and much more. It is a whole package of properties.
With the help of format styles, the protocol is quickly put into the best possible form and you thus
receive good-looking documents.
If you apply styles to all paragraphs, they will inherit the properties defined in the paragraph style.
Now, at a later time, you remember that you want to change the text color.
Then you change the text color in the assigned paragraph style and all paragraphs immediately adopt
the new color.

Steps to create a style

Steps to use Paragraph / Character Style:

1) Select a paragraph in a document.

2) Open Style and Formatting Window (F11 shortcut key) and click on Paragraph
Style/Character Style.

3) Select the desired style.

2. Image;

An image plays an important role in

a digital document. An article
becomes more interactive and reader
doesn’t feel bored. We see
newspaper’s each articles with at
least with one or more photographs.
In Open Office Writer, image can be
inserted using two methods.

Steps to insert an Image:

1) Click on Insert tab in Open Office writer.

2) Select picture option and

a sub menu open up.

3) Select any option ‘From File’ or ‘Scan’.

4)‘From File’ is used to

access picture from
computer.

5) ‘Scan’ is used to scan a

picture.
 Steps to crop an image:

1. Right click your mouse after selecting an image.

2. A menu opens up. Now select picture option.

3. A picture dialogue box opens up.

 3. Grouping;
Grouping is used to combine multiple objects into
one object which is helpful to resize and move
multiple objects in a document. These are the steps
to use grouping object:

1)Draw two objects (for example:

one circle and a rectangle)

2) Select first object and then press

Ctrl + Shift and select second object
with mouse.

3) Now right click mouse button and

select group option

Note: For ungrouping select grouped object and click mouse

right button and select Group>Ungroup option.

Now, the selected objects will behave as a single unit:

• Moving: You can move the entire group by clicking and dragging any of the objects within it.
• Resizing: You can resize the entire group by clicking and dragging one of the resize handles on the bounding box.
• Formatting: You can apply formatting (like color, line style, etc.) to the entire group at once.
To ungroup the objects later:
1. Select the grouped objects.
2. Right-click on one of the objects.
3. Choose Ungroup from the context menu.
Note: While grouping is a powerful tool, it's important to remember that you can't directly group objects of different
types (like text and images) within Writer. For such complex groupings, you might consider using OpenOffice Draw, which
offers more advanced grouping capabilities.
Additional Tips:
• To select multiple objects that are not adjacent, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on each object.
• If you have trouble selecting specific objects, try zooming in or out to get a better view.
• You can also use keyboard shortcuts to group and ungroup objects. The exact shortcuts may vary depending on your
operating system, but generally, you can use Ctrl+G to group and Ctrl+Shift+G to ungroup.
By mastering grouping, you can create more complex and visually appealing documents in OpenOffice Writer.
 4. Template;
A template is a predefined layout
of a document where we fill our
information and in no time our
document is ready.
Any setting that can be saved and
modified in a document can be
saved in a template. There are
different types of template for
example: Website template,
Document template, Presentation
template

Steps to create a template manually:

1) In open office writer type a document

2) Do formatting like font size, font face, font color, Bold, Underline, Italic.
3) Now go to ‘file tab’ and click ‘templates’ option.

Why Use Templates?

• Consistency: Ensure a uniform look and feel across multiple documents.
• Efficiency: Quickly create documents without starting from scratch.
• Professionalism: Use professionally designed templates for a polished appearance.
How to Use Templates
1. Open a New Document:
• Go to File > New.
• Choose the desired template category (e.g., Letters, Reports, etc.).
• Select a specific template.
2. Customize the Template:
• Add, edit, or remove content as needed.
• Modify formatting (fonts, colors, styles).
• Insert images, tables, or other elements.

Open Office Calc

 1. Consolidating Data ;
During consolidation, the contents of the cells from
several sheets will be combined in one place.

To Combine Cell Contents

1. Open the document that contains the cell
ranges to be consolidated.
2. Choose Data - Consolidate to open the
Consolidate dialog.
3. From the Source data area box select a
source cell range to consolidate with other
areas.
If the range is not named, click in the field next to
the Source data area. A blinking text cursor
appears. Type a reference for the first source data
range or select the range with the mouse.
4. Click Add to insert the selected range in the
Consolidation areas field.
5. Select additional ranges and click Add after each
selection.
6. Specify where you want to display the result by
selecting a target range from the Copy results to
box.
If the target range is not named, click in the field
next to Copy results to and enter the reference of
the target range. Alternatively, you can select the range using the mouse or position the cursor in the top left cell of
the target range.
7. Select a function from the Function box. The function specifies how the values of the consolidation ranges are linked.
The "Sum" function is the default setting.
8. Click OK to consolidate the ranges.

Additional Settings
Click More in the Consolidate dialog to display additional settings:
• Select Link to source data to insert the formulas that generate the results in the target range, rather than the actual
results. If you link the data, any values modified in the source range are automatically updated in the target range.
The corresponding cell references in the target range are inserted in consecutive rows, which are automatically
ordered and then hidden from view. Only the final result, based on the selected function, is displayed.
 • Under Consolidate by, select either Row labels or Column labels if the cells of the source data range are not to be
consolidated corresponding to the identical position of the cell in the range, but instead according to a matching row
label or column label.
To consolidate by row labels or column labels, the label must be contained in the selected source ranges.
The data from the consolidation ranges and target range will be saved when you save the document. If you later open a
document in which consolidation has been defined, this data will again be available.
 2. Using Subtotal Tool;
Calc offers the Subtotals tool as a more comprehensive
alternative to the SUBTOTAL function. In contrast to
SUBTOTAL, which only works on a single array, the
Subtotals tool can create subtotals for up to three arrays
arranged in labeled columns. It also groups subtotals by
category and sorts them automatically, thereby eliminating
the need to apply AutoFilters and filter categories by hand.
To access this command...
Choose Data - Subtotals.

Using the Subtotals tool

To insert subtotal values into a worksheet:
1. Select the cell range for the subtotals that you want to calculate, and remember to include the column heading
labels. Alternatively, click on a single cell within your data to allow Calc to automatically identify the range.
2. Choose Data - Subtotals to open the Subtotals dialog.
3. In the Group by drop-down list on the First Group page, select a column by its label. Entries in the cell range from
step 1 will be grouped and sorted by matching values in this column.
4. In the Calculate subtotals for box on the First Group page, select a column containing values to be subtotaled. If you
later change values in this column, Calc will automatically recalculate the subtotals.
5. In the Use function box on the First Group page, select a function to calculate the subtotals for the column selected in
step 4.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to create subtotals for other columns on the First Group page.
7. You can create two more subtotal categories by using the Second Group and Third Group pages and repeating steps 3
to 6. If you do not want to add more groups, then leave the Group by list for each page set to “- none -”.
8. Click OK. Calc will add subtotal and grand total rows to your cell range.

Subtotal outline
When you use the Subtotals tool, Calc inserts an outline to the left of the row number column. This outline represents the
hierarchical structure of your subtotals, and can be used to hide or show data at different levels in the hierarchy using the
numbered column indicators at the top of the outline or the group indicators, denoted by plus (+) and minus (-) signs.
This feature is useful if you have many subtotals, as you can simply hide low-level details, such as individual entries, to
produce a high-level summary of your data.
To turn off outlines, choose Data - Group and Outline - Remove Outline. To reinstate them, choose Data - Group and Outline
– AutoOutline.
 3. Using Scenarios ;
A LibreOffice Calc scenario is a set of cell values that can be used within your calculations. You assign a name to every
scenario on your sheet. Define several scenarios on the same sheet, each with some different values in the cells. Then you
can easily switch the sets of cell values by their name and immediately observe the results. Scenarios are a tool to test out
"what-if" questions.

Creating Your Own Scenarios

To create a scenario, select all the cells that provide the
data for the scenario.
1. Select the cells that contain the values that will
change between scenarios. To select multiple
cells, hold down the Ctrl key as you click each
cell.
2. Choose Tools - Scenarios. The Create Scenario
dialog appears.
3. Enter a name for the new scenario and leave
the other fields unchanged with their default
values. Close the dialog with OK. Your new
scenario is automatically activated.

Using Scenarios
Scenarios can be selected in the Navigator:

1. Open the Navigator with the Navigator icon on the

Standard bar.

2. Click the Scenarios icon in the Navigator.

In the Navigator, you see the defined scenarios with the
comments that were entered when the scenarios were created.
• Double-click a scenario name in the Navigator to apply
that scenario to the current sheet.
• To delete a scenario, right-click the name in the
Navigator and choose Delete.
• To edit a scenario, right-click the name in the Navigator
and choose Properties.
• To hide the border of a set of cells that are part of a scenario, open the Properties dialog for each scenario that
affects the cells and clear the Display border checkbox. Hiding the border also removes the listbox on the sheet
where you can choose the scenarios.

If you want to know which values in the scenario affect other values, choose Tools - Detective - Trace Dependents. You see
arrows to the cells that are directly dependent on the current cell.
 4. Applying Goal Seek ;
With the help of Goal Seek you can calculate a value that, as part of a formula, leads to the result you specify for the formula.
You thus define the formula with several fixed values and one variable value and the result of the formula.

Goal Seek Example

To calculate annual interest (I), create a table
with the values for the capital (C), number of
years (n), and interest rate (i). The formula is:
I = C * n* i
Let us assume that the interest rate i of 7.5% and
the number of years n (1) will remain constant.
However, you want to know how much the
investment capital C would have to be modified
in order to attain a particular return I. For this
example, calculate how much capital C would be
required if you want an annual return of $15,000.
Enter each of the values for Capital C (an arbitrary
value like $100,000), number of years n (1), and
interest rate i (7.5%) in one cell each. Enter the
formula to calculate the interest I in another cell. Instead of C, n, and i use the reference to the cell with the corresponding
value.
1. Place the cursor in the cell containing the interest I, and choose Tools - Goal Seek. The Goal Seek dialog appears.
2. The correct cell is already entered in the field Formula Cell.
3. Place the cursor in the field Variable Cell. In the sheet, click in the cell that contains the value to be changed, in this
example it is the cell with the capital value C.
4. Enter the expected result of the formula in the Target Value text box. In this example, the value is 15,000. Click OK.
5. A dialog appears informing you that the Goal Seek was successful. Click Yes to enter the result in the cell with the
variable value.
 5. Using Solver ;
Opens the Solver dialog. A solver allows you to solve mathematical problems with multiple unknown variables and a set of
constraints on the variables by goal-seeking methods.
To access this command...

From the menu bar:

Choose Tools - Solver.

From the tabbed interface:

Choose Tools - Solver.
On the Tools menu of the Tools tab,
choose Solver.

From toolbars:

Solver

Solver settings
Target Cell
Enter or click the cell reference of the target cell. This field takes the address of the cell whose value is to be optimized.

Optimize results to
• Maximum: Try to solve the equation for a maximum value of the target cell.
• Minimum: Try to solve the equation for a minimum value of the target cell.
• Value of: Try to solve the equation to approach a given value of the target cell.
Enter the value or a cell reference in the text field.

By Changing Cells
Enter the cell range that can be changed. These are the variables of the equations.

Limiting Conditions
Add the set of constraints for the mathematical problem. Each constraint is represented by a cell reference (a variable), an
operator, and a value.
• Cell reference: Enter a cell reference of the variable.
Click the Shrink button to shrink or restore the dialog. You can click or select cells in the sheet. You can enter a cell
reference manually in the input box.
 • Operator: Select an operator from the list. Use Binary operator to restrict your variable to 0 or 1. Use the Integer
operator to restrict your variable to take only integer values (no decimal part).
• Value: Enter a value or a cell reference. This field is ignored when the operator is Binary or Integer.
• Remove button: Click to remove the row from the list. Any rows from below this row move up.

You can set multiple conditions for a variable. For example, a variable in cell A1 that must be an integer less than 10. In that
case, set two limiting conditions for A1.

Options
Opens the Solver Options dialog.
The Solver Options dialog let you select the different solver algorithms for either linear and non-linear problems and set their
solving parameters.

Solve
Click to solve the problem with the current settings. The dialog settings are retained until you close the current document.

To solve equations with the solver

The goal of the solver process is to find those variable values of an equation that result in an optimized value in the target
cell, also named the "objective". You can choose whether the value in the target cell should be a maximum, a minimum, or
approaching a given value.
The initial variable values are inserted in a rectangular cell range that you enter in the By changing cells box.
You can define a series of limiting conditions that set constraints for some cells. For example, you can set the constraint that
one of the variables or cells must not be bigger than another variable, or not bigger than a given value. You can also define
the constraint that one or more variables must be integers (values without decimals), or binary values (where only 0 and 1
are allowed).

Using Non-Linear solvers

Regardless whether you use DEPS or SCO, you start by going to Tools - Solver and set the Cell to be optimized, the direction
to go (minimization, maximization) and the cells to be modified to reach the goal. Then you go to the Options and specify the
solver to be used and if necessary adjust the according parameters.
There is also a list of constraints you can use to restrict the possible range of solutions or to penalize certain conditions.
However, in case of the evolutionary solvers DEPS and SCO, these constraints are also used to specify bounds on the variables
of the problem. Due to the random nature of the algorithms, it is highly recommended to do so and give upper (and in case
"Assume Non-Negative Variables" is turned off also lower) bounds for all variables. They don't have to be near the actual
solution (which is probably unknown) but should give a rough indication of the expected size (0 ≤ var ≤ 1 or maybe -1000000
≤ var ≤ 1000000).
Bounds are specified by selecting one or more variables (as range) on the left side and entering a numerical value (not a cell
or a formula) on the right side. That way you can also choose one or more variables to be Integer or Binary only.
Open Office Base

A powerful manager for all databases

Base is a full-featured desktop database front end, designed to meet the needs of a broad
array of users. Base caters to power users and enterprise requirements, providing native-
support drivers for some of the most widely employed multi-user database engines:
MySQL/MariaDB, Adabas D, MS Access and PostgreSQL. In addition, the built-in support for
JDBC- and ODBC-standard drivers allows you to connect to virtually any other existing
database engine as well.

A fast and flexible database

Full integration with other Open Office applications
Database Management System

DBMS is software that is primarily designed to store large among of Data in an organized way. It helps to store, update,
delete and retrieve data in an easy manner, so websites, application software use DBMS to store large amount of data.

Advantages of Database

1)Data Duplicity: In database particular information is stored centrally at one place, so

duplicity of data is reduced.

Data Sharing: In a centralized database, data can be shared with different websites as
2)
well as with application software.

3) Better Security: Database is more secure as the users are

divided into different categories. Some of the users may be given authority to read and use
the data; other may be given authority to
update data.

4) Data Integrity: Let’s take an example of a database that contains marks scored by
students in an examination. The maximum marks are 100. The marks secured by a student
can’t exceed
100. Integrity checks can be inbuilt into the database such that it will accept numbers only in the range of 0 to 100.

5)Backup and Recovery: Database provides backup and recovery feature. So in case disk
crashes, power failures, or software gives errors, the database can be recovered to the
previous state.
Primary Key
Primary Key is the field (Emp-ID, E-Name etc) in a table which has unique values and doesn’t remain empty. It helps to find
records in a table. You can have only one Primary key in a table.

Composite Key

Composite Key is one or more fields which have all the qualities of Primary key. In above table
Aadhar-No is the composite key as it has unique values.

Foreign Key

Foreign Key is a field in a table which setup a relationship among the tables. In above table
Dept-No is the Foreign Key as it setup relationship between two tables.

Data Type

Data Type is the values that are going to be saved in a table. In

above table Employee Name will be Character, Salary will be
Number.

There are the different types of Data Types:

Number data type contains number with or without decimal

point.

Character data type contains fixed length of characters. Its size

doesn’t change according to the values, so it is defined with its
size. Minimum and Maximum value for the size are 1 and 2000.
Syntax: Char (50)

Date data type is used to save date and time values. Format: DD: MM: RR

Data Definition Language

DDL commands are subset of SQL commands. These commands
are primarily used for defining and modifying the structure of a
database or a table. These are the following commands used in
DDL

Data Manipulation Language

DML commands are the most commonly used SQL
commands. These are used to manipulate the existing
database. There are main four basic commands.
Thank You