MICROSOFT

EXCEL
 FORMATTING CELLS
All cell content uses the same
formatting by default, which can
make it difficult to read a
workbook with a lot of information.
 FORMATTING CELLS
Basic formatting can customize the
look and feel of your workbook,
allowing you to draw attention to
specific sections and making your
content easier to view and
understand.
 STEPS ON
CHANGING THE
FONT
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
 STEP 2.
Click the drop-down arrow next to the
Font command on the Home tab. The Font
drop-down menu will appear.
 STEP 3.
The text will change to the selected font.
 STEPS ON
CHANGING THE
FONT SIZE
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
 STEP 2.
Click the drop-down arrow next to the
Font size command on the Home tab. The
Font size drop-down menu will appear.
 STEP 3.
The text will change to the selected font
size.
 REMINDER:
You can also use the
Increase Font Size and
Decrease Font Size
commands or enter a
custom font size using
your keyboard.
 STEPS ON
CHANGING THE
FONT COLOR
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
 STEP 2.
Click the drop-down arrow next to the
Font color command on the Home tab. The
Font color drop-down menu will appear.
 STEP 3.
The text will change to the selected font
color.
 REMINDER:
Select More Colors at the
bottom of the menu to
access additional color
options.
 The use of Bold,
Italic, and Underline
commands
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
 STEP 2. Click the Bold (B), Italic (I), or
Underline (U) command on the Home tab.
 REMINDER:
You can also press Ctrl+B on your
keyboard to make selected text
bold, Ctrl+I to apply italics, and
Ctrl+U to apply an underline.
Text Alignment
 LEFT ALIGN:
Aligns content
to the left
border of the
cell
 CENTER ALIGN:
Aligns content an
equal distance
from the left and
right borders of
the cell.
 RIGHT ALIGN:
Aligns content
to the right
border of the
cell
 TOP ALIGN:
Aligns content
to the top
border of the
cell
 MIDDLE ALIGN:
Aligns content an
equal distance from
the top and bottom
borders of the cell
 BOTTOM ALIGN:
Aligns content
to the bottom
border of the
cell
STEPS ON TO CHANGE
HORIZONTAL TEXT
ALIGNMENT:
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
 STEP 2. Select one of the three
horizontal alignment commands on the
Home tab.
STEP 3. The text will realign
 STEPS ON TO CHANGE
VERTICAL TEXT ALIGNMENT:
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
STEP 2. Select one of the three vertical
alignment commands on the Home tab.
STEP 3. The text will realign
 Cell borders
and fill colors
 Cell borders and fill colors
allow you to create clear and
defined boundaries for
different sections of your
worksheet.
STEPS ON ADDING
BOARDERS
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
STEP 2.
Click the drop-down arrow next to the
Borders command on the Home tab. The
Borders drop-down menu will appear.
STEP 3.
Select the border style you want to use.
STEP 4 .
The selected border style will appear.
 REMINDER:
You can draw borders
and change the line style
and color of borders
with the Draw Borders
tools at the bottom of
the Borders drop-down
menu.
STEPS ON ADDING
COLOR
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
STEP 2.
Click the drop-down arrow next to the Fill
Color command on the Home tab. The Fill
Color menu will appear.
 STEP 3. Select the fill color you want to
use. A live preview of the new fill color will
appear as you hover the mouse over
different options.
STEP 4 . The selected fill color will appear
in the selected cells.
Format
Painter
When you click the Format Painter, it
will copy all of the formatting from
the selected cell. You can then click
and drag over any cells you want to
paste the formatting to.
Cell styles
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
STEP 2. Click the Cell Styles command
on the Home tab, then choose the
desired style from the drop-down
menu.
STEP 3. The selected cell style will
appear.
Formatting text
and numbers
One of the most powerful tools
in Excel is the ability to apply
specific formatting for text
and numbers.
 Instead of displaying all cell
content in exactly the same way,
you can use formatting to change
the appearance of dates, times,
decimals, percentages (%),
currency ($), and much more.
 Steps on applying
number formatting
STEP 1. Select the cell(s) you want to
modify.
 STEP 2. Click the drop-down arrow
next to the Number Format command
on the Home tab. The Number
Formatting drop-down menu will
appear.
 STEP 3.
Select the desired formatting option.
In our example, we will change the
formatting to Long Date.
STEP 4. The selected cells will change to
the new formatting style.
PAGE LAYOUT
To access Page Layout view, locate and
select the Page Layout view command in
the bottom-right corner of your
workbook.
 Page
Orientation
Landscape orients the page horizontally.
Landscape is best for worksheets with a
lot of columns.
Portrait orients the
page vertically.
Portrait is
especially helpful
for worksheets with
a lot of rows.
Steps on changing
page orientation
STEP 1. Click the Page Layout tab on the
Ribbon.
STEP 2. Select the Orientation command,
then choose either Portrait or Landscape
from the drop-down menu.
STEP 3. The page orientation of the
workbook will be changed.
MARGIN
A margin is the space
between your content
and the edge of the
page.
 Steps on
formatting page
numbers
STEP 1. Click the Page Layout tab on the
Ribbon, then select the Margins command.
STEP 2. Select the desired margin size
from the drop-down menu.
STEP 3. The margins will be changed to
the selected size.
Steps on using
costum margin
STEP 1. From the Page Layout tab, click
Margins. Select Custom Margins... from the
drop-down menu.
.STEP 2. The Page Setup dialog box will
appear.
STEP 3. Adjust the values for each
margin, then click OK.
STEP 4. The margins of the workbook will
be changed.
 Simple
Formula
 One of the most powerful
features in Excel is the ability
to calculate numerical
information using formulas.
Mathematical
Operations
Plus sign for addition (+)
Minus sign for subtraction (-)
Asterisk for multiplication (*)
Forward slash for division (/)
Caret (^) for exponents.
By combining a
mathematical
operator with cell
references, you can
create a variety of
simple formulas in
Excel.
Steps on creating
a formula
STEP 1. Select the cell that will contain
the formula.
STEP 2. Type the equals sign (=). Notice
how it appears in both the cell and the
formula bar.
STEP 3. Type the cell address of the cell
you want to reference first in the
formula
STEP 4. Type the mathematical operator
you want to use. Type the cell address of
the cell you want to reference second in
the formula:
STEP 5. Press Enter on your keyboard.
The formula will be calculated, and the
value will be displayed in the cell.
 REMINDER:
If the result of a formula is too large to be
displayed in a cell, it may appear as pound signs
(#######) instead of a value. This means the
column is not wide enough to display the cell
content. Simply increase the column width to show
the cell content.
 Modifying values
with cell references
 The true advantage of cell
references is that they allow you to
update data in your worksheet
without having to rewrite formulas.
 REMINDER:
Excel will not always tell you if your formula
contains an error, so it's up to you to check
all of your formulas. To learn how to do this,
you can read the Double-Check Your Formulas
lesson from our Excel Formulas tutorial.
 Steps on creating a
formula using the
point-and-click method
STEP 1. Select the cell that will contain
the formula.
STEP 2. Type the equals sign (=). Select
the cell you want to reference first in the
formula: cell B3 in our example.
 STEP 3.
Type the mathematical operator you
want to use. Select the cell you want to
reference second in the formula. The cell
address will appear in the formula, and a
dashed red line will appear around the
referenced cell.
STEP 4. Press Enter on your keyboard.
The formula will be calculated, and the
value will be displayed in the cell.
 REMINDER:
Formulas can also be copied to adjacent cells
with the fill handle, which can save a lot of
time and effort if you need to perform the
same calculation multiple times in a
worksheet. Review our lesson on Relative and
Absolute Cell References to learn more.
Steps on editing a
formula
STEP 1. Select the cell containing the
formula you want to edit.
STEP 2. Click the formula bar to edit the
formula. You can also double-click the cell
to view and edit the formula directly
within the cell.
 STEP 3.
A border will appear around any
referenced cells.
STEP 3. When you're finished, press Enter
on your keyboard or click the checkmark
in the formula bar.
The formula will be updated, and the new
value will be displayed in the cell.
 REMINDER:
If you change your mind, you can
press the Esc key on your keyboard
to avoid accidentally making changes
to your formula.
 REMINDER:
To show all of the formulas in a spreadsheet,
you can hold the Ctrl key and press (grave
accent). The grave accent key is usually
located in the top-left corner of the
keyboard. You can press Ctrl+` again to
switch back to the normal view.
COMPLEX FORMULA
 Simple formula is a mathematical
expression with one operator, such
as 7+9. A complex formula has more
than one mathematical operator,
such as 5+2*8.
THE ORDER OF
OPERATIONS
Excel calculates formulas based on the
following order of operations:
1. Operations enclosed in parentheses
2. Exponential calculations (3^2, for
example)
3. Multiplication and division,
whichever comes first
4. Addition and subtraction, whichever
comes first

A mnemonic that can help you remember

the order is PEMDAS, or Please Excuse My
Dear Aunt Sally.
EXAMPLE
Creating complex
formulas
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
 Creating complex
formulas using the
orders of formula
STEP 1. Select the cell that will contain
the formula.
STEP 2.
STEP 3.
 RELATIVE AND
ABSOLUTE CELL
REFERENCES
 There are two types of cell
references: relative and absolute.
Relative and absolute references
behave differently when copied and
filled to other cells.
Relative references change when a
formula is copied to another cell.
Absolute references, on the other
hand, remain constant, no matter
where they are copied.
 Steps on creating and
copying a formula using
relative references
STEP 1. Select the cell that will contain
the formula.
STEP 2. Enter the formula to calculate
the desired value.
STEP 3. Press Enter on your keyboard.
The formula will be calculated, and the
result will be displayed in the cell. Locate
the fill handle in the bottom-right corner
of the desired cell.
 STEP 4.
Click, hold, and drag the fill handle over
the cells you want to fill.
STEP 5. Release the mouse. The formula
will be copied to the selected cells with
relative references, and the values will be
calculated in each cell.
 Steps on creating and
copying a formula using
absolute references
STEP 1. Select the cell that will contain
the formula.
STEP 2. Enter the formula to calculate
the desired value.
STEP 3.
Press Enter on your keyboard. The
formula will calculate, and the result will
display in the cell. Locate the fill handle in
the bottom-right corner of the desired
cell.
 STEP 4.
Click, hold, and drag the fill handle over
the cells you want to fill.
STEP 5. Release the mouse. The formula
will be copied to the selected cells with
an absolute reference, and the values will
be calculated in each cell.
THANK YOU AND GOD
BLESS