DECLARATIONS:

I, Khushboo Lakra, Here I would like to present the original work I completed at the
Hidayatullah National Law University in Raipur (C.G.) under the guidance of Deepak Kumar
Sirvastava Sir. The subject of my project work is “Human Trafficking: International Human
Rights” Subject of human right.

Name-Khushboo Lakra

Sec- C roll no- 69

Sem- IX

I’d- 20/2020/2285
 INTRODUCTION:

Human Trafficking: International Human Rights

International human rights legislation defines human trafficking as the violation of an

individual's right to liberty and security through their legal personality, labor, and humanity. A
person who is trafficked may endure any of the following cruel treatment: forced labor, bonded
labor, slavery, servitude, sexual violence, gender-based violence, and others (Stoklosa, Grace
& Littenberg, 2016). The modern era of greater mobility makes it particularly difficult to
identify and combat human trafficking. By describing the roots of human trafficking and
demonstrating its harmful effects on both the victim and society as a whole, the current study
aims to increase public awareness of the problem.

Origins and Causes of Human Trafficking

Human trafficking began at the same time as slavery first appeared. Slavery is illegal in every
nation in the world right now. as well as how the world's present tendencies and changing
circumstances make some groups more susceptible to human trafficking. The surge in
migration as a result of greater mobility and globalization is one reason mentioned by Seo
Young (2015).

The researcher presents data from a recent survey that examined the circumstances of 10,000
human trafficking victims. Interestingly, very few of them—just 5%—were truly abducted,
with the bulk becoming victims of human trafficking as they tried to emigrate abroad via
dubious personal ties and unscrupulous "agencies." Seo Young (2015) also found a strong
association between the rate of migration between two countries and the rate of human
trafficking. Certain demographic groups are particularly susceptible to becoming victims of
human trafficking.

Women are disproportionately detained against their will and traded, according to Seo Young
(2015), because it is a profitable endeavour for those who engage in such activities.
Prostitution, where heterosexual men make up the bulk of clients, is the primary source of
human trafficking cases. Moreover, Seo Young (2015) contends that, in contrast to popular
opinion, The researcher found that many female victims of human trafficking were looking
for well-paying jobs abroad, indicating that they had some education in the first place. On the
other hand, it goes beyond simple self-interest: Those who are considering labour migration
frequently do so because of the unfavourable job market conditions in their own country.

A few further variables that impact the rate of people trafficking are the possibility of getting
arrested and the presence of criminal organizations. Seo Young (2015) concludes, based on
many investigations, that there is a direct link between people trafficking and other criminal
activities. Countries with lax regulations on drug trafficking and human smuggling may
anticipate a higher incidence of human trafficking (Seo Young, 2015). In addition, when an
impacted nation's government does nothing, the situation gets worse and more noticeable. More
freedom to carry out their illicit activities is thus granted to criminal groups.

The Impact of Human trafficking on the Victim and Society

The devastating effects of human trafficking are highly harmful to those who are targeted.
Human trade places a great deal of stress on an individual's physical and emotional well-being,
as Hemmings et al. (2016) clarify. Hemmings et al. (2016) suggest that headache, weariness,
dizziness, and stomach pain are common complaints claimed by victims of human trafficking.
The development of chronic diseases can easily be explained by the combination of
malnourishment, hard living conditions, and brutal, inhuman treatment. According to
Hemmings et al. (2016), they're likely to endure even after a victim is saved.

Emotional and psychological impacts could be even more problematic for victims, their
families, and medical personnel. Mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, and post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are among the most common consequences of human
trafficking, according to Hemmings et al. (2016). Any of these conditions have the capacity to
become incapacitating; the person may experience such extreme sadness, agony, and
frustration that they are unable to function (Hemmings et al., 2016). It is possible that victims
of human trafficking may require years of counseling and treatment before they fully
rehabilitate and return to their old selves.

After describing the impacts on an individual basis, it is crucial to talk about the consequences
of human trafficking on a larger scale. Nigeria is one of the most renowned countries in West
Africa for sex trafficking; Njoku (2015) investigates this issue. Nigeria has a bad reputation
abroad due to the large number of cases of human trafficking, as the author points out. That is
to say, foreign nations assume that the Nigerian government cannot solve the issue and does
not assist its people. The societal effects of human trafficking are the next topic raised by this
observation. The public may stop trusting the government if the problem is not resolved. People
may think about migrating if they face the constant threat of being abducted and forced into
servitude. The latter, in turn, is linked to unfavourable economic results when migration or
citizen displacement results in a labour shortage.

Challenges: Future Prospects of the Issue

Human trafficking will probably continue to be a significant issue in international society. That
being said, in order to accomplish this goal, policy officials must become more cognizant of
the impending problem and devise plans to counteract this crime against humanity. Regarding
governments' potential lack of gender diversity to be more effective in tackling the issue, I
agree with Seo Young's (2015) concept. You would think that female politicians would be
more adamant about campaigning for the cause that serves their interests, given that women
are the majority of victims of human trafficking. Of course, with the appropriate security and
anonymity, victims of human trafficking can take the lead in the fight alongside female
lawmakers.Telling stories could be a very effective way to spread awareness of human
trafficking and show that the problem is more widespread than it first seems.

Ensuring universal human rights will necessitate removing certain hurdles and impediments in
order to combat human trafficking. One of the main challenges has to do with the way
institutions react to the problem and how well they implement solutions. Human trafficking
victims are not always held in complete isolation, according to Stoklosa, Grace, and Littenberg
(2015). Conversely, under the strict surveillance of their traffickers, they could seem like
regular citizens and interact with others. According to Stoklosa, Grace, and Littenberg
(2015), medical personnel' lives can be significantly improved by receiving training that
enables them to assist victims of human trafficking. Unfortunately, as the data indicates,
healthcare professionals are not currently trained in the area (Stoklosa, Grace & Littenberg,
2016). In some instances, medical personnel could even make matters worse for the victim if
they are not sufficiently compassionate and thoughtful.

When it comes to identifying victims of human trafficking, Hemmings et al. (2016) present a
strong case for encouraging disclosure. Although the rules are specific to health workers, they
are also applicable to personnel in other industries. The researchers have provided guidance on
these matters. Identification is the first step in the rescue effort, according to Hemmings et al.
(2016). Medical experts may therefore be more negotiating leverage than other specialties.
Their ability to recognize injuries typical of both physical and sexual abuse may be educated.
In addition, during their private discussions with patients, they could pick up on red flags
including inconsistent personal presentation (Hemmings et al., 2016). In summary, the only
way human trafficking can be stopped is if a system is in place that depends on individuals
who have been taught to act promptly and sensibly.

Personal level

The reason I chose the topic of human trafficking is that it is one of the most egregious and
pervasive crimes against humanity that still hasn't been adequately addressed. It is evident from
the literature review that there are many different factors that contribute to human trafficking,
many of which are difficult to totally eradicate. For example, there is no stopping the
globalization process, and in the coming decades, our world is probably going to become even
more intertwined. Another factor that is here to stay is the susceptibility of particular
demographic groups. These realizations convince me that altering the political agenda and
putting it into effect at all levels is the only practical course of action. Because the many forms
of crime are interrelated and feed off one another, it is imperative that the state government
fight crime as a whole. What could be done at the neighborhood level has previously been
discussed. It is possible to train staff members to recognize the warning signs of abuse and
human trafficking and to connect victims with appropriate resources. Finally, since one prompt
action can change a struggling person's life, we should all be aware of these indications.

Conclusion
A problem pertaining to human rights, human trafficking has existed for millennia since the
advent of slavery. The victims of human trafficking as well as society at large are affected. It's
likely that victims will battle with mental and bodily ailments, as well as a lack of faith in life
and vitality. A nation's economy, social order, and political standing are all destroyed by the
unsolved problem of human trafficking.

When it comes to remedies, I personally see a plan that includes actions at the local, state, and
personal levels. There needs to be a defined set of rules for how organizations and people
identify and handle victims. It should be acknowledged, though, that some determinants are
unlikely to ever be completely removed despite the greatest of intentions.

References:

A) Cho, S. Y. (2015). Modelling for determinants of human trafficking. Social Inclusion,

3, 2-21.
B) Hemmings, S., Jakobowitz, S., Abas, M., Bick, D., Howard, L. M., Stanley, N.,… &
Oram, S. (2016). Responding to the health needs of survivors of human trafficking: a
systematic review. BMC health services research, 16(1), 320.
C) Njoku, A. O. (2015). Human trafficking and its effects on national image: The Nigerian
case. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research, 2(2), 21-30.
D) Stoklosa, H., Grace, A. M., & Littenberg, N. (2015). Medical education on human
trafficking. AMA journal of ethics, 17(10), 914-921.