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    UIT2305U1LS04

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    mohit.official04091k
    digital communication notes

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    UIT2305U1LS04

    Uploaded by

    mohit.official04091k
    11 views16 pages
    digital communication notes

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    digital communication notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views16 pages

    UIT2305U1LS04

    Uploaded by

    mohit.official04091k
    digital communication notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    UIT 2305

    INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL
    COMMUNICATION
    UNIT 1

    DIGITAL TRANSMISSION AND


    CODING
    Session Meta Data

    Author R KISHORE

    Version No 1

    Release Date 06-10-2022

    Reviewer
    Quantization
    Session objectives
     To study about quantization
    Session outcomes
    At the end of the session, students will be able to

     Understand the concept of quantization

     Learn midtread and midrise quantizer characteristics


    Outline

     Concept of quantization

     Midtread quantizer characteristic

     Midrise quantizer characteristic


    Quantization
    • Amplitude quantization is defined as the process of
    transforming the sample amplitude m(nTs) of a message
    signal m(t) at time t=nTs into a discrete amplitude v(nTs)
    taken from a finite set of possible amplitudes.
    • Quantizers can be of uniform or non uniform type.
    • In a uniform quantizer, the representation levels are
    uniformly spaced: otherwise, the quantizer is non
    uniform.
    • The quantizer characteristics can also be of midtread or
    midrise type based on decision thresholds and
    representation level locations.
    Quantization

    Midtread type Midrise type


    Source : Communication Systems, Simon Haykin
    Quantization

    Source : Google Images


    Quantiser
    It converts a discrete-time, continuous-amplitude signal into an discrete time
    and discrete amplitude signal. Quantization is a process in which the
    amplitude of each sample is round off to the nearest permissible level. The
    process of quantization introduces a quantization error.
    Quantization error:
    The difference between the original amplitude level to round off amplitude
    value.
    For example in the figure, at time instant T, the original amplitude of signal is
    9.8, but this value is round off to the nearest level in the quantization
    process as 10.
    Now the quantization error=10-9.8=0.2.
    Sampling interval is to be higher for reducing the error in quantization.
    • Encoder: It represents each permissible level
    into an equivalent digital word. For example in
    the figure, at time instant 2T, output of quantiser
    is 3V. Now the equivalent digital word for 3V is
    0011. This type of conversion is referred to as
    an encoder encoderquantiser - approximates the time instants
    - converts output to equivalent digital signal

    • The number of bits per encoder output is based


    on the number of quantization level. total
    number of quantization levels is 16. Hence the
    number of bits to represent the level is four.
    Summary
     Quantization

     Midtread and midrise quantizer


    Test Your Understanding
     Write short note on quantization.

     With a neat sketch explain midtread and midrise


    quantizer characteristics.
    References
    1. Proakis.J.G, Salehi.M, Fundamentals of Communication
    Systems, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2006.
    2. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005.
    3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106097/pdf/Lecture08_SamplingT
    heorem.pdf
    4. B. P. Lathi and Zhi Ding,“Modern Digital and Analog
    Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, OxfordUniversity Press.
    2017

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