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6. CN104276901 - BIOLOGICAL ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

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[ZH ]

BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

TECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and
in particular, to a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method therefor.BACKGROUNDWith the rapid
development of economic and society in rural areas in China, rural garbage problems are dominant and
become more and more prominent; meanwhile, new rural construction faces the problem of pollution
of organic matters such as crop straws, poultry manure, household garbage and the like. However,
organic matters such as crop straws, poultry manure, household garbage and the like are raw materials
for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer; therefore, many expert scholars do a large amount of research
work on the problem of bio-organic fertilizer, for example, the patent number is CN201410185720 X "A
bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method therefor" uses a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium
compound fertilizer, zinc sulfate and wheat straw as raw materials to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer
which has comprehensive balance of cotton nutrients and lasting coordination of nutrient supply, can
significantly improve the quality and yield of cotton, has significant economic benefits, and is suitable for
most soil in cotton planting areas in China. For another example, CN02114567.9 "corn straw bio-organic
fertilizer" uses corn straw grass meal, turf, livestock manure, rice bran, bone meal, brown sugar, biotin,
trace elements and the like as raw materials to prepare the organic fertilizer with improved crop yield,
improved agricultural product quality, taste, enhanced disease resistance, stress resistance and soil
fertility improvement and soil aggregate structure improvement. The product has the characteristics of
low investment, low energy consumption and good treatment effect, and the produced organic fertilizer
can better improve the yield and quality of agricultural products such as grain crops, vegetables and
fruits.The strategic decision of modern agriculture promotion of organic food, healthy food, construction
of environment-friendly rural areas and ecological agriculture is developed according to the vigorous
development proposed by the country, the organic fertilizer is produced to promote the organic
fertilizer, and the large environmental conditions for producing the standardized organic fertilizer are
mature; that is, it is necessary to create a new environment-friendly, efficient and important
standardized organic fertilizer production base. For this reason, some researchers start from the
perspective of exploration and thinking of industrial bio-organic fertilizers, and further obtain related
technical solutions. For example, the patent number is CN00137571 7 "Industrial production of drought-
resistant and water-storing pollution-free bio-organic fertilizer" uses crop straws, manure, livestock
internal organs, straw powder (sawdust) fermented material calcium phosphate gel powder as a raw
material to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer with windproof and sand-fixing forest and water retention
and drought resistance. For another example, the industrial production technology of CN02138847.4
"humic acid organic fertilizer" uses organic matters such as peat soil, fresh cow dung and filter mud as
raw materials to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer which has wide applicability, high fertilizer efficiency
and small volume, and is convenient for quality guarantee, transportation and
commercialization.Therefore, it can be seen from the above research that in the prior art, the water
retention, fertilizer retention, insecticidal insect prevention and biological activity of the organic fertilizer
are not ideal, it is difficult to properly combine the livestock manure, the poultry manure, the straw and
the biological bacterial agent together, so that a synergistic effect is formed among the raw materials,
and the efficient and high-fertility characteristics of the organic fertilizer are further improved, so that
the researchers provide a new idea for the bio-organic fertilizer through long-term exploration and
research.SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTIONIn order to solve the above technical problems in the
prior art, the present invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer, which has the characteristics of
increasing soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, enhancing insecticidal and insect
prevention effects, improving physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and the
like.At the same time, the present invention also provides a preparation method for the production of
the bio-organic fertilizer, so as to further control the fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer,
improve the performance of the raw material, and reduce the production cost of the bio-organic
fertilizer.Specifically, the following technical solutions are implemented:A bio-organic fertilizer is
prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-88 parts of organic raw material, 2-3
parts of microbial agent, 5-8 parts of tobacco powder tobacco stem and 3-6 parts of adhesive.The
number of raw materials is 87 parts of organic raw material, 2.5 parts of microbial agent, 7 parts of
tobacco powder tobacco stem and 5 parts of adhesive.The organic raw material is an organic material
obtained by mixing a mixture of livestock excrement, livestock, livestock excrement and household
garbage with straw, and when the livestock excrement and the straw are mixed to obtain the organic
material, the mass ratio of the livestock excrement to the straw is (12-15): (6-8); when the mixture
composed of livestock and poultry manure and household garbage is mixed with the straw to obtain the
organic material, the mass ratio of the mixture composed of the livestock and poultry manure and the
domestic waste to the straw is (15-18): (6-8), and when the mixture composed of the livestock and
poultry manure and the domestic waste is mixed, the livestock and poultry manure and the domestic
waste are mixed according to any ratio.The microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent obtained by
mixing an AM microbial agent and humic acid according to a mass ratio of (1.5-3): (0.5-2).The adhesive is
any one of dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, and carboxymethyl cellulose.The straw is one or a mixture of
several of wheat straw, corn straw, and soybean straw.The raw material components further include 1-2
parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer
comprises the following steps:(1) Raw material treatment: Raw materials were taken according to the
above raw materials, and the microbial inoculum was added to an organic raw material according to a
ratio to obtain an organic raw material containing a microbial agent; placing the organic matter raw
material in a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature in the fermentation chamber to be 20-
25° C, spraying 11-17% of the water content of the organic matter raw material onto the raw material
stack, performing fermentation treatment, and during the fermentation treatment, performing 1-3
times of pile turning treatment on the raw material pile every day, and performing fermentation
treatment for 30-40 days to obtain a fermented finished product for later use;(2) crushing the material:
putting the fermented finished product of the machine raw material obtained in step 1) into a crusher to
be crushed into powder of 100-130 meshes, and adding tobacco stem powder into the powder during
the crushing process, so that the tobacco stem powder and the fermented finished product are
uniformly mixed for later use;(3) granulation: mixing the material treated in step 2) with the binder in
the above proportion, stirring for 20-30 min at a stirring speed of 50-70 r/min, and then placing the
mixture in a granulator for granulation treatment to obtain particles to be used;(4) drying: placing the
granules subjected to granulation treatment in step 3) into a dryer, and drying the granules at a drying
temperature of 190-210°C until the moisture content is 4-5% for later use;(5) screening and packaging:
sieving the particles treated in step 4) through a 100-120 mesh sieve, returning the sieve bottom
particles to the step 2) for circulating fermentation granulation treatment, and packaging the sieve
surface particles into 25-50 kg of bags to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.The granulator is a disk
granulator.In the granulation step, the method further comprises the step of uniformly mixing the
nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to the proportion and the adhesive, and then
uniformly mixing the crushed material and the mixture according to the proportion.The steam flow is a
water vapor flow.As used above, humic acid (HA) is an animal and plant remains, mainly the heritage of
plants, the decomposition and conversion of microorganisms, and a series of chemical processes and an
accumulated class of organic substances. It is a high-molecular organic acid composed of aromatic and
various functional groups thereof, and has good physiological activity, absorption, complexation,
exchange and other functions.The tobacco powder tobacco stem is mainly composed of tobacco stems,
tobacco residues and tobacco foam, is a pure natural green pollution-free ecological organic fertilizer,
contains rich organic matters, amino acids, biological potassium and other elements, is suitable for
fertilizing and expelling insects and killing insects at the roots of plants such as farms, forest fields, tea
fields and fruit fields, and has the effect of not being comparable to industrial chemical fertilizers and
other organic fertilizers. It is an excellent raw material for producing various organic fertilizers.The disk
granulator used above is one type of granulator, and the disk granulator disk lining high-strength glass
fiber reinforced plastic has the advantages of uniform granulation, high granulation rate, stable
operation, firm and durable equipment, long service life and the like, and is an ideal granulation
device.Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical
effects:(1) The microbial agent and tobacco powder tobacco stem powder are added into the organic
matter raw material, then the organic matter raw material is stacked in the fermentation chamber, the
temperature in the fermentation chamber is adjusted to be 20-25° C. and 11-17% of the weight of the
organic matter raw material is sprayed onto the raw material pile for fermentation, so that the
characteristics of the organic fertilizer raw material are improved, the water retention and fertilizer
retention characteristics of the organic fertilizer are enhanced, and the insect prevention and insect
killing effects of the bio-organic fertilizer are improved.(2) Research and discussion on the mass parts of
the organic raw material, the microbial agent, the tobacco powder tobacco stem, and the adhesive, to
obtain the bio-organic fertilizer that can meet the requirements of water retention, moisture retention,
insect killing, insect prevention, soil update, etc. overcome the problem of meeting the nutritional
ingredients of the biological organic fertilizer from a single aspect, reduce the waste of organic fertilizer
raw materials, reduce the cost of manufacturing the bio-organic fertilizer, and improve the use
performance of the organic fertilizer fertilizer.(3) The microbial agent and the tobacco powder tobacco
stem are added into the organic matter raw material for fermentation until the organic matter raw
material is decomposed, meanwhile, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the adhesive are
added, the organic matter raw material is crushed and granulated under the action of the disk
granulator, and after drying and cooling, the bio-organic fertilizer for increasing and updating the soil
organic matter, promoting microbial reproduction and improving the physical and chemical properties
and biological activity of the soil is obtained.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTSThe
technical solutions of the present invention are specifically described below through specific
embodiments.Example 1A bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 80 kg of
organic raw material, 2 kg of microbial agent, 5 kg of tobacco powder tobacco stem and 3 kg of
adhesive.The organic matter raw material is an organic material obtained by mixing livestock and
poultry manure and livestock with straw, and the mass ratio of livestock and poultry manure to straw is
2: 1Meanwhile, the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent obtained by mixing an AM microbial
agent and humic acid according to a mass ratio of 3: 1.The binder is dextrin.The straw is wheat
straw.The specific preparation method comprises the following steps:(1) raw material treatment: adding
a microbial agent into an organic raw material according to the ratio of the raw materials to obtain an
organic material raw material containing a microbial agent; stacking the organic material raw material in
a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature in the fermentation chamber to 20° C. spraying 11%
of the weight of the organic matter raw material onto the raw material stack, performing fermentation
treatment, and during the fermentation treatment process, performing primary pile turning treatment
on the raw material stack every day, and performing fermentation treatment for 30 days to obtain a
fermented finished product for later use;(2) material crushing: putting the fermented finished product of
the machine raw material obtained in step 1) into a pulverizer to be crushed into 100-mesh powder, and
adding tobacco stem powder into the pulverizer during the pulverizing process, so that the tobacco
stem powder and the fermented finished product are uniformly mixed for later use;(3) granulation:
mixing the material treated in step 2) with the binder in the above proportion, stirring for 20 min at a
stirring speed of 50 r/min, and then placing the mixture in a granulator for granulation treatment to
obtain particles to be used;(4) drying: placing the granules subjected to granulation treatment in step 3)
into a dryer, and drying the granules at a drying temperature of 190°C for 7 hours until the moisture
content is 4% for later use;(5) screening and packaging: sieving the particles treated in step 4) through a
100-mesh sieve, returning the sieve bottom particles to the step 2) for circulating fermentation
granulation treatment, and packaging the sieve surface particles into 25 kg of bags to obtain the bio-
organic fertilizer.The granulator is a disk granulator.The vapor stream is a water vapor stream.Example
2A bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from 88 kg of organic raw material, 3 kg of microbial agent, 8 kg of
tobacco stem powder and 6 kg of adhesive.Wherein, the organic raw material is an organic material
obtained by mixing a mixture composed of livestock and poultry manure and household garbage with
straw, and the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and domestic waste has a straw mass ratio of 9:
4, wherein the livestock and poultry manure and the domestic waste are mixed according to any ratio
when the mixture consisting of livestock and poultry manure and domestic waste is mixed.The microbial
agent is a mixed microbial agent obtained by mixing an AM microbial agent and humic acid according to
a mass ratio of 3: 2.The binder is polyvinyl alcohol.The straw is a mixture of corn straw and soybean
straw in any mass ratio.The specific preparation method comprises the following steps:(1) Raw material
treatment: Raw materials were taken according to the above raw materials, and the microbial inoculum
was added to an organic raw material according to a ratio to obtain an organic raw material containing a
microbial agent; placing the organic raw material in a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature
in the fermentation chamber to be 25° C, spraying 17% moisture of the weight of the organic raw
material onto the raw material stack, performing fermentation treatment, performing three times of
pile turning treatment on the raw material stack every day in the fermentation treatment process, and
performing fermentation treatment for 40 days to obtain a fermented finished product for later use;(2)
material crushing: putting the fermented finished product of the machine raw material obtained in step
1) into a pulverizer to be crushed into 130-mesh powder, and adding tobacco stem powder into the
pulverizer during the pulverizing process, so that the tobacco stem powder and the fermented finished
product are uniformly mixed for later use;(3) granulation: mixing the material treated in step 2) with the
binder in the above proportion, stirring for 30 min at a stirring speed of 70 r/min, and then placing the
mixture in a granulator for granulation treatment to obtain particles to be used;(4) drying: placing the
granules subjected to granulation treatment in step 3) into a dryer, and drying the granules with a drying
temperature of 210°C until the moisture content is 5% for later use;(5) screening and packaging: sieving
the particles treated in step 4) through a 120-mesh sieve, returning the sieve bottom particles to the
step 2), performing circulating fermentation granulation treatment, and packaging the sieve surface
particles into 50 kg of bags to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.The granulator is a disk granulator.The
vapor stream is a water vapor stream.Example 3A bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following
raw materials: 87 kg of organic raw material, 2.5 kg of microbial agent, 7 kg of tobacco powder tobacco
stem and 5 kg of adhesive.The organic raw material is an organic material obtained by mixing livestock
and poultry manure and livestock with straw, and the mass ratio of livestock and poultry manure to
straw is 15: 8The microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent obtained by mixing an AM microbial agent
and humic acid according to a mass ratio of 2: 1.The binder is carboxymethyl cellulose.The straw is a
mixture of any mass ratio of wheat straw, corn straw and soybean straw.The specific preparation
method comprises the following steps:(1) Raw material treatment: Raw materials were taken according
to the above raw materials, and the microbial inoculum was added to an organic raw material according
to a ratio to obtain an organic raw material containing a microbial agent; placing the organic raw
material in a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature in the fermentation chamber to 22° C.
spraying 16% moisture of the weight of the organic raw material onto the raw material stack,
performing fermentation treatment, and during the fermentation treatment, performing two times of
pile turning treatment on the raw material stack every day, and performing fermentation treatment for
33 days to obtain a fermented finished product for later use;(2) material crushing: putting the fermented
finished product of the machine raw material obtained in step 1) into a crusher to be crushed into 120-
mesh powder, and adding tobacco powder tobacco stems into the powder during the crushing process,
so that the tobacco powder tobacco stems and the fermented finished product are uniformly mixed for
later use;(3) granulation: mixing the material treated in step 2) with the binder in the above proportion,
stirring for 25 min