Q.1. Define: Californing Bearing Ratio (C.B.R)

Q.1. DEFINE : CALIFORNING BEARING RATIO (C.B.
R)
CBR is defined as the ratio of the test load to the standard load, expressed as percentage for
given penetration of the plunger.
Q.2. ENLIST THE METHOD OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION
1. Particle size distribution of soil

2. IS Classification of soil
3. Atterbegs Limits
4. Engineering Applications
Q.3. DRAW THREE PHASE DIAGRAM OF PARTIALY SATURATED SOIL
Q.4. WRITE FOUR BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY
1. Physical Geology
2. Geomorphology
3. Mineralogy
4. Petrology
5. Structural Geology
6. Historical geology
Q.5. STATE THE TWO TYPE SOIL EXPLORATION
1. General Explanation
2. Detailed Explanation
Q 6. EXPLAIN PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT OF SOIL BY
OVEN DRYING METHOD-
1. Take container with lid, measure the empty weight of container with lid as W₁ gm.
2. Put sufficient quantity of moist soil sample in the container and take the weight of
container, lid and moist soil as W2 gm.
3. Keep this assembly in the thermostat oven at a temperature 105°c to110°c for 24 hrs.
With lid at bottom; so that water should be evaporated completely to give us dry soil.
4. Take out container from oven and cool it in dessicator.
5. Then take weight of container, lid and dry soil as W3 gm. .Calculate the percentage
water content of given soil as- W(W2-W3)/(W3-W1) x 100
6. Repeat above steps two more times to determine average water content of given soil
sample.
Q.7. DEFINE FOLLOWING
1. UNIFORMATIY COEFFICIENT (Cu):- It is defined as the ratio of D60 size to D10 size
for a given soil. Cu= D60 / D10
2. COEFFICIENT OF CURVATURE (Cc):- It represents the shape of the particle size
distribution curve
Cc= D230 / (D10 × D60)
Q.8. DEFINED FOLLOWING
1. Permeability of soil:- Permeability of soil is defined as the property of a soil, which

permits the seepage of fluids through the interconnected voids under gravity.
2. Flow line:- When water flows through soil in laminar flow conditions, the paths along
which the layers of water flow are called flow lines.
3. Coefficient of permeability:-It is defined as velocity of flow under a unit hydraulic
gradient through soil mass
• It is measured in cm / sec or mm / sec or m / sec or m / day
• Mathematically, it is represented as K = v/i
• Where v = discharge velocity in m/s
• i = hydraulic gradient
4. Phreatic Line :— When flow of water occurs through soil, the top surface of the flow
zone is called the phreatic surface, and in section, the top line of flow zone is called
the phreatic line.
Q 9. ENLIST ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN TERZAGHI’S ANY ALIS OF BEARING CAPACITY
OF SOIL:-
1) The footing has a large L/B ratio and hence a two dimensional or plane strain
condition is envisaged.
2) The base of the footing is rough.
3) The base of the footing is laid at a shallow depth. i.e. D≤ B.
4) The shearing resistance of the soil between the surface and the depth D is neglected.
The footing is considered as a uniform footing with surcharge y x D.
5) General shear failure is assumed to take place and the soil volume is unchanged prior
to failure.
6) The shear strength of soil is governed by Mohr-coulomb equation.
Q.10. DRAW SHEAR STRENGTH ENVELOPE FOR i) PURELY COHESIVE AND

ii)COHESION LESS SOIL WITH ITS EQUATION.
1. For Purely Cohesive Soil : -1) τf = C 2) Ø = 0
2. For Cohesion less Soil : - 1) τf = σ tan ø 2) C = 0

Q.11. GIVE THE SUITABILITY FOLOWING
1) FLAT FOOTED RAMMERS:— Flat footed rammers are suitable for compacting
cohesive and non-cohesive soils in confined areas.
2) SMOOTH WHEELED ROLLERS:— Smooth wheeled rollers are suitable for
compacting asphalt and other fine-grained materials.
3) SHEEP FOOT ROLLERS :— Sheep foot rollers are suitable for compacting cohesive
and semi-cohesive soils.
4) PNEUMATIC/ RUBBER TYRED ROLLERS:— Pneumatic/rubber tyred rollers are
suitable for finishing and sealing the surface of roads and other applications where a
smooth finish is desired.
Q.12. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STANDARD PROCTOR TEST & MODIFIED

PROCTER TEST
No. W.R.T. Standard Proctor Test Modified Proctor Test

1 Nature/Type Determines the maximum dry Similar to the Standard
of Test density and optimum moisture Proctor Test but uses a
content of a soil sample using heavier compaction energy
standard compaction procedures. level.
2 Instrument Uses a standard Proctor compaction Uses a modified Proctor
used mold with a 5.5 lb hammer falling 12
compaction mold with a 10 lb
inches. hammer falling 18 inches.
3 Sampling Requires a representative soil sample
Follows the same sampling
for testing requirements as the
Standard Proctor Test.
4 Suitability Suitable for evaluating the Recommended for materials
compaction characteristics of most with larger particle sizes or
soils. higher density requirements.
Q.13. EXPLAIN IN BRIEF PROCEDURE OF FOLLOWING FIELD IDENTIFICATION ON
SOIL:-
1. Dilatancy Test:
- Simple test for fine soil fractions.
- Take 5cc soil sample, saturate with water.
- Shake soil pat in palm vigorously, then squeeze.
- Quick reaction: rapid water appearance/disappearance, slow reaction:
gradual, no reaction: no change.
- Inorganic silts show quick reaction, clays show slow/no reaction.
2. Toughness Test:
- Toughness: resistance to moulding at plastic limit.
- Dry soil sample to putty consistency.
- Roll into 3mm thread until plastic limit, crumble thread.
- Continue kneading until lump crumbles.
- High toughness: can be moulded drier than plastic limit with high pressure.
- Medium toughness: medium thread/lump, crumbles slightly below plastic
limit.
- Low toughness: weak thread breaks easily, can't lump when drier than plastic
limit.
Q.14. JUSTIFY THE USE OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE FOR
FOLLOWING
1. DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:— Foundation is required to transfer the load of super

structure to foundation soil and To give stability to the super structure. The size and
type of foundation is affected by the Bearing capacity of soil. The GTE helps in design
of foundation by investigation bearing Capacity.
2. DESIGN OF EARTHEN DAM :- The construction of earthen dam requires permeable
and impermeable soil. The position each Soil, their function is different. The section
of dam should be stable against water pressure , Seepage pressure.
3. DESIGN OF EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURE :- The sloping ground is to be

levelled by constructing earth retaining Structure And Filling natural soil behind it.

Q.1. Define: Californing Bearing Ratio (C.B.R)

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Q.1. DEFINE : CALIFORNING BEARING RATIO (C.B.

Q.2. ENLIST THE METHOD OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION

1. Particle size distribution of soil

Q.4. WRITE FOUR BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY

Q.5. STATE THE TWO TYPE SOIL EXPLORATION

Q.7. DEFINE FOLLOWING

Cc= D230 / (D10 × D60)

Q.8. DEFINED FOLLOWING

1. Permeability of soil:- Permeability of soil is defined as the property of a soil, which

Q.10. DRAW SHEAR STRENGTH ENVELOPE FOR i) PURELY COHESIVE AND

1. For Purely Cohesive Soil : -1) τf = C 2) Ø = 0

2. For Cohesion less Soil : - 1) τf = σ tan ø 2) C = 0

Q.12. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STANDARD PROCTOR TEST & MODIFIED

No. W.R.T. Standard Proctor Test Modified Proctor Test

1. DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:— Foundation is required to transfer the load of super

3. DESIGN OF EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURE :- The sloping ground is to be

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