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    Final 2021

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    Final 2021

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    MATH 215/255 Final Exam 2021-12-14

    Circle Course: 215 255

    Circle Section: 101 Daneshi 102 Morente 104 Tsai

    • 150 min exam.

    • No books, notes, calculators, computers or cellphones.


    1. Consider the following autonomous 2D system of DE’s:

    x0 = x(4 − αx − 2y),

    y 0 = 2y(−3 + x),
    where α > 0.
    (3 pt) a) For what values of α there is a critical point in the interior of the first quadrant
    (where x, y > 0)?

    Suppose that α = 1 in the following questions.

    (2 pt) b) Find and sketch the nullclines of this system in positive (x, y). The x-nullcline is
    where x0 = 0. The y-nullcline is where y 0 = 0.
    c) Determine the critical points.
    (2 pt)

    (7 pt) d) For each critical point find the corresponding linear system. Classify each criti-
    cal point as to type, and determine whether it is asymptotically stable, stable, or
    unstable.
    (2 pt) e) Sketch trajectories in the neighborhood of the critical point which is in the interior
    of the first quadrant (where x, y > 0).
    2. a) Match the following DE with the direction field. Explain why.
    (6 pt)
    (a) y 0 = (1 − y)(y − 2)2

    (b) y 0 = (1 − y)[(y − 2)2 + 0.1]


    (c) y 0 = (1 − y)[(y − 2)2 − 0.1]

    (i)

    (ii) (iii)
    b) Classify the equilibrium solutions (critical points) of:
    (2 pt)
    y 0 = (1 − y)(y − 2)2

    as either stable, unstable or metastable/semistable.

    (2 pt) c) What range of initial conditions results in solutions with t → ∞, y(t) → 1? What
    about t → ∞, y(t) → 2 ?

    (3 pt) d) Use partial fractions to find the solution of the IVP:

    y 0 = (1 − y)(y − 2)2 , y(0) = 1.5


    3. Find the general solution for the following first order DE.

    (5 pt) a) (3t2 x + 2tx + x3 ) + (t2 + x2 )x0 = 0


    b) tx0 − 2x = t3 e2t , (t > 0)
    (4 pt)
    4. a) Find the general solution of the equation
    (3 pt)
    9y 00 + 6y 0 + 4y = 0.

    (5 pt) b) Find a particular solution of

    y 00 − y 0 − 2y = e2t . (1)
    (8 pt) 5. Find the solution to the initial value problem

    y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = 4t, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0. (2)


    6. a) Consider a spring-mass system without external force and friction described by
    (3 pt)
    mx00 + kx = 0,

    with mass m > 0, spring constant k > 0, and x(t) is the deviation of the mass from
    its equilibrium position. Suppose the spring constant is k = 8 and the spring is
    oscillating with frequency of 2 hertz (i.e. 2 full periods per second). Determine the
    mass m of the spring.

    (5 pt) b) Consider a spring-mass system described by the initial value problem

    x00 + cx0 + 9x = cos(3t), x(0) = 0, x0 (0) = 2. (3)

    where c > 0 is the damping coefficient. Find the steady periodic part of the solution
    (the part of the solution which remains as t → ∞) of this problem, and find its
    amplitude as a function of c. Do not find the transient part.
    (2 pt) c) Let A(c) denote the maximum amplitude of the steady state solutions of the systems

    x00 + cx0 + 9x = cos(ωt), x(0) = 0, x0 (0) = 2.

    among all possible ω > 0. What happens to A(c) as c → 0+ ? Explain why.


    Hint. You do not need to solve A(c) explicitly.
    7. a) Find the Laplace transform L[f (t)](s) of the function:
    (5 pt)

     3,
     0 ≤ t < 2,
    f (t) = 3t + 2, 2 ≤ t < 4,

    4t, t ≥ 4.

    (6 pt) b) Using the convolution, find a formula for the solution of the initial value problem for
    a general bounded and continuous function h(t):

    y 00 + ω 2 y = h(t), y(0) = α, y 0 (0) = β

    with ω, α, β any real constants. Note: the formula for y(t) shall involve an integral.
    8. Find the solution to the initial value problem:
    (7 pt)

    y 00 + 4y = 4 + δ(t − 3π), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1


    9. Solve the system of ODEs:
    (7 pt)
     
    0 3 1
    ~x = ~x
    −1 1
    10. We consider the non-homogeneous system:
       4t 
    0 1 2 2e
    ~y = ~y + ,
    2 1 e4t

    (5 pt) a) Find the fundamental matrix associated to the complementary solution.


    b) Find a particular solution of the system using the variation of parameters.
    (6 pt)
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