Vector
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koreadirectorno1Vector
Uploaded by
koreadirectorno1(High School) Vector
李宏毅
Hung-yi Lee
Vectors
• A vector v is a set of numbers
1
v= 2 v= 1 2 3
3 Row vector
Column vector
In this course, the term vector refers to a column
vector unless being explicitly mentioned otherwise.
Vectors 1
v= 2
• components: the entries of a vector. 3
• The i-th component of vector v refers to vi
• v1=1, v2=2, v3=3
• If a vector only has less than four components, you can
visualize it.
v3 v
v2
v
v2
v1
v1
http://mathinsight.org/vectors_carte
sian_coordinates_2d_3d#vector3D
Scalar Multiplication
𝑣1 2𝑣2
𝒗= 𝑣 2𝒗
2
𝑣2 𝒗
𝑐𝑣1
𝑐𝒗 = 𝑐𝑣
2
𝑣1 2𝑣1
Vector Addition http://mathinsight.org/vectors_carte
sian_coordinates_2d_3d#vector3D
1 4 6 9
A vector set with
Vector Set 2 , 5 , 8 , 0
4 elements
3 6 9 2
• A vector set can contain infinite elements
𝑥1
L= 𝑥2 : 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 1
0 1 0.3 0.7
, , , ……
1 0 0.7 0.3
Vector Set
• Rn :We denote the set of all vectors with n entries
by Rn .
The objects have the
Properties of Vector following 8 properties
are “vectors”.
• For any vectors u, v and w in Rn, and any scalars a
and b
•u+v=v+u
• (u + v) + w = u + (v + w)
• There is an element 𝟎 in Rn such that 𝟎 + u = u
• There is an element u’ in Rn such that u’ + u = 0
• 1u = u
• (ab)u = a(bu) 0
𝟎 = ⋮ zero vector
• a(u+v) = au + av
• (a+b)u = au + bu 0
u’ is the additive inverse of u
𝟎+u=u
More Properties of Vector u’ + u = 0
• For any vectors u, v and w in Rn, and any scalar a
• If u + v = w + v, then u = w
• If u + v = u + w, then v = w
• The zero vector 0 is unique. It is the only vector in Rn
that satisfies 0 + u = u
• Each vector in Rn has exactly one u’
• 0u = 0
• a0 = 0
• u’ = -1(u) = -u
• (-a)u = a(-u) = -(au)
