LIVED EXPERIENCE OF PUBLIC UTILITY COMMUTERS

ON THE FARE HIKE INCREASE

A Research Project

_____________

BY:

CHAGAS, Alexa Joyce

BARTOLATA, Glecel
MANTOYA, Kurtt Rouise
LAURENTE, Ashley Nicole
VIASON, Cremaline
LIBO-ON, James
LUMANAO, Ary

GRADE 11/ABM
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
GENERAL SANTOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calumpang, Gen. Santos City

April 2022
 Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE Page

APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………….i
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………...ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………….iv

Chapter I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………..……….……….…1
Background of the Study…………………………………………………1
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………...…...2
(Grand Tour Question)…………………………………………………2
Scope and Limitation…………………………………………..….……...3
Benefit and Beneficiaries…………………………………………………4
Definition of Terms and Concept………………………………………...5
Chapter II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES……………8
A. Related Literature……………………………………………………….8
B. Related Studies…………………………………………………………12
C. Research Gaps…………………………………………………………14
D. Theoretical Framework……………………………………………...…15
Chapter III: METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………...16
Design……………………………………………………………………….16
Participants………………………………………………………………….16
Locale of the Study…………………………………………………………16
Data Collection……………………………………………………………...17
Interview Techniques……………………………………………………….17
Ethical Consideration……………………………………………………….17
Map of the Location of the Study………………………………………….18
Sampling……………………………………………………………….…….19
Instrumentation………………………………………………………………19
Data Analysis and Interpretation……………………………………….…..20
Chapter IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS……………………...………………21
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Philippine Department of Transportation (DOT) created the Public Utility

Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) in 2017 in response to the pandemic,
with the aim of producing the world's public transportation system more functional
and sustainable by 2020. PUVs, or Public Utility Vehicles, are automobiles with
four wheels that are used for public transport services. Any of these vehicles that
operate on specified routes should have their fares modulated by law. The Public
Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), also known as Department
Order No. 2017-011 is a centrally sponsored scheme of the Duterte
administration that conceptualizes a reorganized, advanced, preplanned, and
ecologically sustainable transportation industry where drivers and service
providers have manageable, substantial annuities. According to Orbos (2019), a
DOTr General Manager stated that commuters, on the other hand, should be
arrive at their specified destinations safe, convenient and predictable.

It understands the current demand of stakeholders in public land

transportation services for required action on fare rates. According to the LTFRB
or Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (2022) stated that
every time commodity prices rise, as a domino effect to the grant of fare hikes,
we must be callous to the plight of Filipinos. Other actions taken by the
government were also noted by the LTFRB. It also had to evaluate the National
Economic Development Authority's (NEDA) position that passing on the cost of
fare hikes to consumers would lower the general public's purchasing power. Any
petition for fare adjustment, according to the NEDA, is a matter of public
significance because fare hikes may affect the prices of other fundamental
commodities and services.
 As the researchers observed, most commuters in Calumpang, General
Santos City have struggled because of the overpriced fares. The majority of
commuters are working, sometimes they get low pay and spend most of it by
riding public transportations to go to their workplace. However, the point is that
commuters cannot be charged an additional fare if the driver or operator does not
have the LTFRB-issued certifications and fare matrix. Nevertheless, the mode of
mobility, the hike has a financial impact on commuters. The modest notch
created by the price increase has the potential to grow into something much
bigger. Other people's annual budget and prioritizing can be hampered by the
everyday inconvenience of having to pay extra for travel charges. Monetarily, that
would have an impact on the everyday transportation expenses, resulting in a
shift in your annual expenditures. Due to a variety of factors, including increased
fuel prices, drivers and operators have to request a raise. Maintenance and
registering of their automobiles come second in terms of extra expenditures. This
is brought up to show that commuters aren't the only ones who are affected, and
there are causes for the increase. Merely said, incidents like these would almost
certainly have an impact on daily commuters' lives and also on drivers.

The study aims to provide information and elicit the truth from commuters'
statements of their experiences and thoughts, as well as to provide a detailed
understanding of the phenomena. The information gathered will help us come up
with a plan to deal with the fare increase. In light of the above foundation,
researchers have chosen to conduct this study to analyze the current issue of
fare hikes for public utility commuters in Barangay Calumpang, General Santos
City.

Statement of the Problem

The rapid increase in prices causes anxiety among people about essential
commodities like gas. These soaring prices have caused great unrest and
frustration among the people. The individuals belonging to the middle class and
the salary people are struck.

Grand Tour Question

The focus of this research was to know about the various lived experiences of
public utility commuters in view of the current fare hike.

It made a concerted effort to respond to the following inquiry:

1. How is the experience of public utility commuters on the fare hike increase?

Ancillary Questions:

1. How does the fare hike increase affect the commuters' lives?
2. How do commuters deal with the current issue?
3. What are the possible causes of the sudden increase in fares?
4. Aside from commuters, who else is affected by the increased fares?
5. What might happen if fares continue to rise?

Scope and Limitation

The focus of this study is to gather consistent data in determining the

experiences of the commuters in General Santos City, especially the students of
GSCNHS.

The researchers will conduct a quick interview with the student commuters of
GSCNHS regarding their experiences with the fare hike.

The researchers also consider that most participants are possibly overloaded,
and they may not have the time to answer most of the following questions. Thus,
the researchers may utilize the use of Google forms to ease the process of
gathering pertinent data in order to conduct the study.

The information gathered will be analyzed using diagnostic analytics. It

delimits that the study may not be generalizable to the other factors in relation to
the effects and experiences with the fare hike.

Benefits and Beneficiaries

The following would greatly benefit from this research:

Commuters. Commuters would benefit from this study because it provides

information on the reasons for the sudden fare increase.

Drivers. This study would help public transportation drivers realize that raising
fares does not help them and instead burdens commuters.

Customers. Customers would understand why the prices of goods and services
had risen.

Suppliers of Fuel. This study would inform fuel suppliers that rising fuel prices
impacted both drivers and, in particular, commuters.

Administration. This study would assist administrators in understanding the

current situation of commuters, or more specifically, the general public, in light of
the increased fares. Administrators would be able to devise solutions to the
problem.

Academic Beneficiaries. This research could help academics to advance

across and within disciplines, such as significant advances in knowledge,
methods, theory, and application. It can describe the potential impact of the
proposed work on academic peers.

Future Researchers. Future researchers would be encouraged to conduct their

research using the findings of this study as a guide.

Definition of Terms and Concepts

The concepts used throughout the study are logically explained below for
deeper comprehension.

Fare Hike. An unexpected increase in the fare for taking public transportation.

Public utility vehicle. Any motorized vehicles controlled and handled by a public
utility or government service company that is registered or authorized to deliver
electricity, water, or telecommunications equipment to the area, while those
vehicles are used for providing such services.

Commuters. A person who commutes daily over a significant distance, typically

from the countryside to the downtown area. They are the individuals who prefer
to travel in a public utility vehicle since refueling every day is more expensive.
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains the concepts, the completed thesis, the generalizations
or results, and additional information. Those in this chapter contribute
to acquainting the reader with knowledge that is related and significant to the
current study.

A. Related Studies

This chapter elucidates theories and pertinent study findings depending on

related literature with discursive relations relating to the lived experience of
Public Utility Commuters on the Fare Hike Increase, which often causes
additional hindrance pressures on concerned commuters.

Lived Experience of Public Utility Commuters

Pineda (2019), stated that Filipino students who commute on a daily basis feel
stressed out after spending several hours attempting to get there from one
location to another. Students are also affected by the public transit crisis. As if
getting to school on time in this traffic condition wasn't difficult enough, students
also had to engage with schoolwork, home life, and self-care. Filipinos are
affected physically, emotionally, and intellectually by the challenge of public
transit and traveling throughout the city. Students waste valuable time studying,
working on assignments, or socializing with family and friends by waiting beneath
the wheel of a vehicle stalled in peak hour traffic or queuing up at a bus, jeepney,
or rail station in the rain. Moreover, it's also the obligation of students to get up
early so that they may commute without possibly getting trapped in traffic or
being late for school. Students must endeavor to conquer this stumbling block in
order to ensure a good commuting experience.

According to Rezapour et al. (2021), travelers on public transport frequently

experience delays of more than an hour due to malfunctioning and other
equipment failures. Delay serves as a source of stress for commuters, causing
stress and perhaps other psychological impacts. Based on this evidence, we may
assume that regulators' timetables or actual data displays will benefit commuters.
But, if neither of those exist or no factual data is available, a commuter's
experience with the usual emergence or deviation of public transit could be used.

In accordance with Mayo et al. (2020), commuters prefer autos and are
looking for stress-free non-work-related travel. The level of income was also a
factor; people in lower-income brackets were more likely to use public
transportation than those in higher-income groups. As a result, commuters who
traveled or commuted for jobs, recreation, or any other purposes regarded
expenses as a secondary concern, whereas those who commuted to school
were significantly affected by automobiles allocation. Those who traveled with
their own company or to visit family members or friends were affected by the
vehicle's convenience while on the road.

Furthermore, Lunke (2020) revealed that commuters in Oslo who use public
transportation are much less impressed with their travels than commuters who
use other modalities. Commuters who take the train or metro are more delighted
than those who take the bus or tram. Findings stipulated that travel duration has
a negative impact on perceived service quality. It implies that short distances to
terminals and direct routes are less significant than effective transportation routes
with quick waiting times and consistent time use. People who have long
commutes are more likely to be impressed by these traits.
 Moreover, Wener et al. (2005) stated that taking the bus or commuting by
public vehicle increases stress-related psychophysiological markers including
hypertension and metabolic activity. The daily commute is a stressful activity, as
evidenced by these indications of psycho-physiological stress. Many stress
indicators were examined in the study. To quantify psychological stress, salivary
cortisol samples were gathered during each morning commute, and baseline
cortisol samples were collected at home at the same time on a non-commuting
day. Following the transition, salivary cortisol levels were found to be somewhat
lower in those who shifted to the new line. Additionally, these commuters
reported lower levels of stress and job strain. The new line was shown to be
especially beneficial to women who had children at home.

Fare Hike Increase

Balcombe et al. (2006) stated that fares are fundamental to the operation of
public transport since they form a major source of income for operators. In
general, if fares are increased, patronage will decrease. Whether revenue
increases or decreases as a result of a fare increase depends on the functional
relationship between fares and patronage.

According to Pangalangan (2011), fares for Metro Manila's elevated railways

should be raised, but only for the right reasons. The best justification for the fare
increase is the need to raise funds to maintain and upgrade MRT/LRT facilities.
As a result, the starting point is not how many private operators charge for public
transportation, but how much the government is willing and able to pay to enable
its citizens to go to work, school, or shopping malls. The best way to persuade
the public to accept the MRT/LRT fare increases is to demonstrate how the extra
revenue will be reinvested in MRT/LRT operations.

However, Hui (2011) mentioned that prices for electricity, gas, water, clothing
and footwear, transportation, durable goods, and basic foodstuffs have risen year
on year. Fuel prices have also more than doubled since the pandemic began. If
the consumer price index continues to rise, MTR fares may rise as well, because
fare adjustments are based on a formula that takes into account the wage index
of transport workers as well as the composite CPI.
Also, Agcaoili (2013) revealed that the non-governmental organization
Foundation for Economic Freedom (FEF), existing fares, and the level of
government subsidy would not solve the persistent problems plaguing the MRT-3
and LRT systems. The group explained that fares should be set to the greatest
extent possible based on cost recovery, including operations and maintenance,
and the "users pay" principle. Transportation provides shorter and more
predictable travel times and thus should cost more.

Furthermore, Luna (2022) did mention that several transportation groups have
started petitions to raise the minimum fare for PUV services. As a result of the oil
price increases, public utility drivers are earning far less than the minimum wage.
However, increasing transportation fares may pose a greater inflationary risk if it
eventually leads to wage hike petitions.

The fare increase has impacted the general public, the majority of whom are
also identified as commuters who use public utility transportation. The rising
prices of goods and services, particularly the cost of petroleum products,
compelled public transport drivers to raise their travel fees. Due to the expenses
of maintaining and upgrading their transportation services, drivers have also
requested an additional increase from commuters. The main issue that
commuters are dealing with is the fare hike, which has a significant effect on their
lives. The literature gathered to corroborate the lived experience of the public
utility commuters on the fare hike increase is thoroughly indicated. When it
comes to commuting delays, stress, waiting several hours to travel from one
place to another, equipment failures, and other commuting issues have all been
connected to their experience.
 B. Related Studies

Foreign

Mayer et al. (2014) entitled Perception of Unfairness in Price Increase: An

Experimental Study stated that commuters need to understand the causes and
consequences of price unfairness perceptions in a price increase environment.
The study used Purposive Sampling. The study discovered that when there is a
perception of injustice, people appear to experience varying levels of severity in
their impression, due to the degree of significance and dependability.

Meanwhile, Mattson et al. (2008) entitled Effects of Rising Gas Prices on Bus
Ridership for Small Urban and Rural Transit Systems stated that public transit
agencies have seen major cost increases of rising fuel prices. However, high
gasoline prices have led to an increase in public transit utilization. Voluntary
response sampling was used in the study. The study reveals that the variation in
the price of gas is pretty steady in big and small cities rapid, with the usual
responses happening within a month of or after the price change.

Lastly, Kpodar et al. (2021) entitled The Distributional Implication of the

Impact of Fuel Price Increase on Inflation aimed to know the translation of fuel
price shock to inflation, and the discovery of different dynamics in developing and
developed economies. The Findings from this study reveal that concurrent policy
actions to improve energy efficiency and boost the availability of affordable and
cleaner energy sources could help mitigate the inflationary impact of higher fuel
prices.
 As shown in the literature, there are so many commuters experiencing
unexpected fare hikes, as well as the reasons and repercussions of price unfairly
perceptions in a price increase environment. Mattson et al. (2008) also
mentioned that increased gasoline prices have resulted in more people using
public transportation. There are numerous explanations for the fare hike.
However, increasing energy efficiency and increasing access to high-quality and
cleaner power sources could assist to offset the inflationary effects of increasing
fuel costs.

Local

Tanyag et al. (2021) stated in their study titled The Cost of Fare-Free Public
Transit in the COVID Economy: Looking into the Case of the EDSA Carousel
Bus System in the Philippines that greater demand for transportation
necessitates more economically efficient transport networks, enabling commuters
to reach longer distance in the quickest possible travel time. Convenience
sampling was used in the study. The study recommended that commuters should
go more frequently while the government bears the expenditures.

According to Balinbin et al. (2022) entitled Ride-hailing firms to seek P15

base fare hike from LTFRB Car owners of Cruise, Services have urged the Land
Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) to act fast on their
petition to raise base fares by P15 as fuel prices keep rising. Purpose sampling
was used in the study. Based on the analysis using a digital tech or digital
platform technology to connect passengers with drivers using their vehicles to
provide pre-arranged transportation services for pay.

Lastly, Mijares, et al. (2014) in their study entitled Enhancing the

Sustainability and Inclusiveness of the Metro Manila’s Urban Transportation
Systems: Proposed fare and Policy Reforms stated that commuters are already
enduring long queuing and overcrowding in stations and trains daily and should
not be burdened by the fare increase. The sampling used in this study is
Purposive Sampling. A reasonable fare increase, such as the one proposed by
the government, that strikes a balance between affordability and service quality,
should be implemented as soon as possible. To address the concerns of pro-
poor groups, the government must demonstrate that the current fare policy,
which is geared toward the poor and heavily subsidized, is not socially equitable
because it imposes a massive tax burden on all income levels and the entire
nation. While the social inclusion of transportation-disadvantaged people should
be addressed, it should not come at the expense of the public transportation
system's service quality or government funds.

The researchers aimed to learn about commuters' reactions to the

unexpected fare hike increase in this study. The findings found that commuters
were already dealing with long lines and overcrowding at stations and trains on a
regular basis and should not be burdened by the fare hike. Even yet, they faced
numerous obstacles when it comes to commuting. It still allows commuters to
travel longer distances in less time.

C. Research Gaps

In the study conducted by Mayer et al. (2014), only focused on helping the
commuters understand the causes and consequences of price unfairness
perceptions in a price increase environment. The study found that people appear
to feel varying levels of severity in their perceptions of injustice, depending on the
degree of significance and reliability.

Also, the study by Mijares, et al., (2016) examined the structure of passenger
satisfaction and the role of mental adaptation in severe conditions in Manila, the
Philippines using a questionnaire survey. The study could help to develop
appropriate countermeasures and evaluate them by extending the results of
sensitivity analysis such as eliminating waiting time due to passenger overload
delay, as well as increasing the capacity of the medium of transportation.

However, the proposed study aims to determine the lived experiences of the
commuters who are just earning minimum wage and had no choice but to ride
public transportation despite the price increase. The researchers wanted to know
how to price unfairness affects the daily lives of the commuters and if they are
aware of the causes and consequences of the said problem.
D. Theoretical Framework

The structural-functionalist theory and the sociological theory proposed by

French sociologists and philosophers Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) and Auguste
Comte (1798-1857) are the theoretical frameworks used in this study. Structural
functionalism is a theoretical framework that views society as a complex system
whose parts cooperate to promote solidarity and stability. A school of thought in
sociology and other social sciences holds that each of the institutions,
relationships, roles, and norms that comprise a society serves a purpose and is
necessary for the continued existence of the others and of society as a whole.
 Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter discussed the research design and methodology used in

conducting the research study, as well as the rationale for using a specific
research design. The researchers provide a thorough overview of the sampling
methods to be used, procedures, data collection instruments, and data collection
procedures, and identify the relevant data analysis interpretation.

Design

The phenomenological method was used in this study to examine human

experiences and perspectives among the descriptions provided by the
participants in this research. This research design is appropriate for the current
study, which aims to describe and interpret the lived experiences of public utility
commuters affected by the fare hike increase. According to Brannan et al.
(2021), qualitative research is a type of research that investigates and provides
deeper insights into participants' behavior, feelings, and thoughts about real-
world issues.

Participants

The respondents in this study were public utility commuters on J.P Rizal
Street in Barangay Calumpang, General Santos City. The researchers will select
five (5) respondents who live in the exact area where the study was conducted.

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at J. P. Rizal Street located at Barangay

Calumpang, General Santos City. The Selected Street is known to have a lot of
terminals such as tricycles, electric jeepney and bus. Also, there is a lot of
commuters located in the street such as students, workers and others that are
subjected to be potential respondents.

Data Collection

During data collection, the researchers must perceive the following:

1. Permission from the school principal and barangay captain.

2. Make provisions of the research instrument.

3. Authorization from the participants of the research.

4. Ordering the specified time schedule between the researchers and the
participants to avoid time constraints.

5. Accompany the participants in the research questions.

6. Scrutinize and synchronize the gathered data.

Interview Techniques

The researchers conducted a face-to-face interview with the respondents to

acquire confidential info, as well as commuters' perceptions and insights about
the fare hike increase. To capture the intricacies of the respondents' reactions,
the researchers used audio or video recording.

Ethical Considerations
 This study observed and exercised ethical norms in the conduct of the
research procedure as responsible researchers.

1. In order to preserve the respondents' privacy rights and secrecy, the

researchers ensured that their personally identifiable information was not
released publicly.

2. The outcomes of the acquired data were not manipulated in any way to
provide a genuine study outcome.

3. The participants were informed about the project's aim, who or what group was
supporting it, how the findings would be utilized, if there were any potential
negative consequences to their involvement, and who might have access to the
findings by the researchers.

4. The researchers made certain that the individuals were not harmed during the
examination process.

Map of the Location of the Study

Figure 2. Map of the General Santos City National School

Sampling

In this study, the researchers used quota sampling, this type of sampling
takes place in a population which has been categorized into distinct
classifications. Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which the
researcher can create a sample of participants who represent the target
population and are selected based on characteristics or qualities. Researchers
can determine which characteristic was used to draw the participants' subgroup
so that the sample could be efficient in obtaining findings that can be generalized
to the overall population. The statistical likelihood of being chosen is known, and
members of the population chosen to be sampled are not randomly excluded
from the results. The quota sampling method was used, with the following
provisions: all commuters on Rizal Street, Barangay Calumpang, General Santos
City, were included in the research.

Instrumentation

The researchers used a descriptive approach to acquire the data. This

strategy entails and utilizes questionnaires to gather and assess the experiences
of public utility commuters on the increased fare hike. The researchers used
Face-to-face surveys in data gathering, this is distinguished by the fact that the
interview is conducted by an interviewer who calls on or meets with the
participant. The interviewer reads the questionnaire loud and clear as well as
records the participant's responses. The data collected will be considered
confidential.
Data Analysis and Interpretation

Thematic analysis will be used to analyze and interpret the data in this
study. Braun and Clarke (2006) stated that thematic analysis is a technique to
identify, analyze, organize, and report data patterns. It more thoroughly arranges
and describes your data gathering. This method consists of six steps:

1. Make familiar with the data.

2. Generate initial codes.

3. Identify the pattern.

4. Theme evaluations.

5. Theme identification and naming. And,

6. Establishing the summary.

 Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter includes a discussion of the findings of the study, as well as

responses from respondents, significant statements, concepts, themes, and
result of the study.

Question #1
1. How does the fare hike increase affect the commuters' lives?

RESPONSES TRANSLATED SIGNIFICANT CONCEPT THEMES

RESPONSES STATEMENT
S
Participant 1

Usahay Sometimes, Budget will be Their Food

kanang, my budget is drained by the budget scarcity, the
kulangan sa not enough… fare rides that was spent need for
budget... so I wasn't made me on fares free trans-
Kanang di able unable to buy instead portation,
nami maka sometimes to a meal of their food. the
palit gud buy a meal. sometimes. possibility of
usahay ug misunder-
sud-an ana, standings
makulangan because of
mi sa ano. fare hikes,
and the rise
in fuel
prices.
Participant 2

Ah, dako It has a large Free

kaayo kay, Ah, it really impact on transportation
pigado kaayo has a large people's lives. can help you
karon kay, effect because Using the free save money
labi na sa it's getting transportation and gasoline.
trabaho gud, harder is preferable to
wala kaayo- nowadays, save gasoline
overtime na especially at and money.
kaayo, wala work, it's not
na kay really- it's
overtime nya really overtime,
nagmahal you work
pagyud ang overtime and
gasolina. Naa even the prices
man koy of gasoline got
motor pero even more
mas okay expensive. I
kung have a
maglibre motorcycle but
sakay nalang it's better if I'll
para just use the
makaless sa free rides to
kuan ba, save the
gasolina aron gasoline so I
makaadto sa can go to the
city. city.
Participant 3
People without Commuters
Makaapekto money are will complain
na siya kay It affects affected, and
ang uban because some resulting in misunder-
man gud people do not chaos and standings
walay kwarta, have money, conflict. may happen.
unya kung and if it
patuloy na continues to
siya naga increase,
taas, ang others will
uban di na cease to ride.
kayo And many
musakay ba. passengers
Unya daghan will complain,
na kaayo this will lead to
magreklamo chaos and
nga conflict.
pasahero,
mag kuan na
siya,
magbuhat na
siya ug gulo
unya away
ba.

Participant 4
Uhh, siguro Due to the fare
maapektohan Uhh, maybe it hike, instead of
ang amoang will affect our providing more
pagkonsumo food food, it was
sa pagkaon consumption reduced and
kay because it will adjusted.
mabawasan get reduced,
siguro kay instead of
instead na providing more
mag- food for us, so
madagdagan it will only be
among reduced then
pagkaon so we would
mag bawas, adjust for the
mag-adjust additional fare
para sa ride.
additional pud
na
pamasahe.

Participant 5

For me, ang It will affect the An increase

makaapekto For me, it will fare hike in fuel has a
ana sa affect the fare because of our direct effect
pagtaas ana increase in our current on the
sa pamasahe situation now situation, fare increase in
is sa due to the hikes will be fares.
sitwasyon pandemic, also increased, as
nato karon the increase in well the fuel
kay dahil sa fuel, so that’s price.
pandemic why the fare is
then sa increasing
pagtaas pud now.
sa gasolina
karon mao
nang gataas
ang
pamasahe
karon.

Question #2
2. How do commuters deal with the current issue?

RESPONSES TRANSLATED SIGNIFICANT CONCEPTS THEMES

RESPONSES STATEMENTS
Participant 1

Usahay I usually just Walking rather Be able to Budgeting

kanang walk to than riding will spend for fares,
ginabaktas destination that save money on money to commu-
lang nako sya I can easily go fares. her other nication
sa mga duol to… To save needs. strategy,
duol lang more money I and financial
nako na sometimes insufficiency.
makaya... Kay walk, yes to
para save fare
makatipid, expenses.
ginabaktas
nako sya sa
ano duol duol
lang, oo kay
para
makatipid sa
pamasahe.

Participant 2
Ah, nothing, I People can't Commuters
Ah, wala lang, would just face do something chose to
atubangon it because we to find a understand
lang kay wa can't do solution to the the situation
man tay something problem so rather than
mahimo kay about it since they would just to complain.
mao namay that is what is accept it.
kuan gud sa- given to our
atoang lives, we'll just
kinabuhi, atoa accept it so
nang dawaton that, we will
para kuan, go just go with the
with the flow flow.
lang ta.

Participant 3
Let’s
Sabton understand the
nalang nato drivers as well, Considering
ang mga since price of the
drayber, ang the fuel has predicament of
ginakuan also increased, drivers, as
nako ana they will also gasoline prices
ginasabot increase the are rising and
lang nako ang fare because driving is the
mga drayber this is the only only way to
ana kay way they make earn a living,
pareha karon a living in particularly in
taas ang today's this pandemic.
gasolina, pandemic, and
taason pud they also don't
nila ang ilang have a
kuan eh kay business.
kabalo biya
ka mao lang
na ilang
pinangabuhi
sa karon na
pandemic
unya wala
kaayo silay
negosyo.

Participant 4
Uhh, maybe Sideline can
Uhh, siguro budgeting, I Budgeting and keep you
mag- earn and save sidelining from running
nagbudget, more of my would help us out of
mas lalong income and meet our money
gitipid ang uhh, sideline, everyday owing to
income ug sidelining necessities. fare hikes.
uhh, sideline, would help to
mag sideline increase our
ug kuan para income so that
madungagan there will be
pud ang enough for us,
among and for the
income para increase of
magkasya sa fares.
ano, sa amoa,
sa pag-
increase sa
pamasahe.
Participant 5
For me, maybe Due to the
For me is I should save In dealing with increase of
gitipid lang more money this kind of fare, the
siya or gi fair and I think it's issue we commuters
lang ang pag fair when we should save tend to save
atubang deal with this more money as much as
namo sa isyu issue so that it and be fair so possible.
karon, para won't affect our that it won't
dili mag, para lives and it is affect our lives.
dili ma ano for the better.
ang, sa
amoang, sa
akoang kuan,
para sa akong
kinabuhi.

Question #3
3. What might happen if fares continue to rise?

RESPONSE TRANSLATE SIGNIFICANT CONCEPT THEMES

S D STATEMENT S
RESPONSES S
Participant 1

Ano, basig Uhm, maybe I will be The budget Budgetary

kanang short in… what running out of will be constraints,
makulangan is it called budget. depleted. risk reduction,
gud sa... again… yes changing
Unsang budget... Short modes of
tawag ana… in budget. transportation
ano kanang, , and difficulty
oo budget, of earning
makulangan money.
sa budget.

Participant 2

Ah, kung Ah, if the If the increase The current

magpadayon increase of of fare rides situation
ang pagtaas fare rides goes lasts, it will cannot be
sa on, then it's make the mitigated.
pamasahe, the end. We worst effect to
wala na eh. will become the poor. They
Samot ta- even poorer will lose hope
samot tag because the to keep on
kapobre, kay poor won't- working hard.
ang mga instead of
pobre di na- working hard,
imbes they'd just give
manag- in since the
managinot, fare rides are
dili nalang increasing,
kay motaas fuels became
man ang even more
pamasahe pricey. It's
samot nag really done,
mahal ang the poor will
gasolina, become
wala na. poorer. This is
Wala na better because
gyud, samot there are free
nag kapobre rides, the poor
ang pobre. can save
Mas okay more.
nani kay
naay libreng
sakay,
makaless
ang mga
pobre.

Participant 3
If this Others would Commuters
Kung continues to purchase a will be
magpadayon happen, they bike instead of pushed to
ni siya ug are no longer commuting to use other
taas kuan jud going to ride. work. mode of
ni siya, Others would trans-
murag wala rather portation.
na kaayoy purchase a
magkuan ba, bike to use it
magsakay. to get
Ang uban to their work.
magpalit
nalang ug
bike para naa
silay
maadtoan sa
ilang trabaho.

Participant 4

Siguro Maybe it would People found it

maglisod ang be hard for the difficult and
mga tao ug people and troublesome,
naay uban there may be especially
siguro nga others who are while
mas lalong having more commuting to
malisdan pa trouble from it work and
kay labi na especially needing to pay
ang pag- sa when people for the ride,
pagtrabaho go to work, they should
kailangan they must pay put in extra
mamasahe, for the ride, so effort to deal
so naay uban maybe there with the fare
siguro nga are some who hike.
kailangan jud should work
magdoble- hard so that
kayod ug they can cope
mag, mag- with the
maningkamot increase of
para fare rides.
makasabay
sa pagtaas
pod sa
pamasahe.

Participant 5

For me, is
mag lisod ug For me, it's It was hard to People
kuan ug sa hard to get the find the money having a
pamasahe, fare, especially for our fares hard time to
lalo na karon now that it's during this earn money
nga maglisod hard to find time of the because of
pud ta ug money pandemic. the
pangitag because of the pandemic.
kwarta dahil pandemic.
sa pandemic. Since we can't
Kay dili tanan always get
panahon nga money, clearly
makakuha because of the
tag kwarta pandemic.
dahil lang sa That’s all.
kuan, dahil
sa pandemic.
Mao lang to.