CLASS-XII (MATHEMATICS) SRAJAN ACADEMY

LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS

Linear Programming Problem: A linear programming problem is one that is concerned

with finding the optimal value (maximum or minimum) of a linear function of several
variables (called objective function) subject to the conditions that the variables are non-
negative and satisfy a set of linear inequalities (called linear constraints). Variables are
sometimes called decision variables and are non-negative.

• A few important linear programming problems are:

• Diet problems
• Manufacturing problems
• Transportation problems
• Allocation problems

• The common region determined by all the constraints including the non-negative
constraints x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 of a linear programming problem is called the feasible
region (or solution region) for the problem.
• Points within and on the boundary of the feasible region represent feasible solutions of the
constraints. Any point outside the feasible region is an infeasible solution.
• Any point in the feasible region that gives the optimal value (maximum or minimum) of the
objective function is called an optimal solution.

QUESTION BANK
1) A corner point of a feasible region is a point in the region which is the ________ of two
boundary lines.
2) In a L.P.P, the linear inequalities or restrictions on the variables are called ________.
3) The corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints
are (0, 10), (5, 5), (15, 15) and (0 20). Let Z = px + qy, where p, q > 0. Find the condition
on p and q so that maximum value of Z occurs ar both the points (15, 15) and (0, 20).
4) Of all the points of the feasible region, for maximum or minimum of objective
function, the point lies
(a) inside the feasible region
(b) at the boundary line of the feasible region
(c) vertex point of the boundary of the feasible region
(d) none of these
5) Feasible region is the set of points which satisfy
(a) the objective functions
(b) some of the given constraints
(c) all of the given constraints
(d) none of these

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6) A linear programming problem is one that is concerned with

(a) Finding the optimal value of a linear function of several variables
(b) Finding the limiting values of a linear function of several variables
(c) Finding the lower limit of a linear function of several variables
(d) Finding the upper limits of a linear function of several variables
7) Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Maximize Z=x+y
Subject to the constraints:
x + 4y ≤ 8,
2x + 3y ≤ 12,
3x + y ≤ 9,
and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
8) Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Minimize: z = x – 5y + 20
Subjects to
x – y ≥ 0;
-x + 2y ≥ 2;
x ≥ 3; y ≤ 4;
and x, y ≥ 0
9) Determine graphically the minimum value of the objective function z = – 50x + 20 y,
Subject to the constraints
2x – y ≥ -5:
3x + y ≥ 3:
2x – 3y ≤ 12
And x, y ≥ 0.
10) A manufacturer makes two types of furniture, chairs and tables. Both the products are
processed on three machines A1 A2 and A3. Machine A1 requires 3 hours for a chair and
3 hours for a table, machine A2 requires 5 hours for a chair and 2 hours for a table and
machine A3 requires 2 hours for a chair and 6 hours for a table. Maximum time available
on machine A1, A2 and A3 is 36 hours, 50 hours and 60 hours respectively. Profits are ₹
20 per chair and ₹ 30 per table. Formulate the above as a linear programming problem
to maximize the profit.
11) A manufacturing company makes two types of television sets; one is black and white
and the other is colour. The company has resources to make at most 300 sets a week. It
takes Rs 1800 to make a black and white set and Rs 2700 to make a colored set. The
company can spend not more than Rs 648000 a week to make television sets. If it makes
a profit of Rs 510 per black and white set and Rs 675 per colored set, how many sets of
each type should be produced so that the company has a maximum profit? Formulate
this problem as a LPP given that the objective is to maximize the profit.
12) A furniture firm manufactures chairs and tables each requiring the use of three
machines A, B and C. Production of the chair requires 2 hrs on machine A, 1 hr on

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machine B, and 1 hr on machine C. Each table requires 1 hr on machine A, 1 hr on

machine B and 3 hrs on machine C. The profit obtained by selling one chair is Rs. 30
while by selling one table Rs. 60. The total time available per week on machine A is 70
hrs, machine B is 40 hrs, and on machine C is 90 hrs. How many chairs and tables should
be made per week so as to maximize profit? Formulate the problem as LPP and solve it
graphically.
13) A small firm manufactures necklaces and bracelets. The total number of necklaces and
bracelets that it can handle per day is at most 24. It takes one hour to make a bracelet
and half an hour to make a necklace. The maximum number of hours available per day
is 16. If the profit on a necklace is Rs. 100 and that on a bracelet is Rs. 300. Formulate
on L.P.P. for finding how many of each should be produced daily to maximize the profit?
It is being given that at least one of each must be produced.
14) A manufacturer produces two types of steel trunks. He has two machines A and B. the
first type of trunk requires 5 hours on machine A and 3 hours on machine B. The second
type of trunk requires 3 hours on machine A and 2 hours on machine B. Machine B.
Machines A and B can work at most for 18 hours and 15 hours per day respectively. He
earns a profit of Rs 30 and Rs 25 per trunk on the first type and second type respectively.
How many trunks of each type must be make each day to make the maximum profit.
15) A farmer has a supply of chemical fertilizer of type I which contains 10%Nitrogen and
5% Phosphoric acid and type II which contains 6% Nitrogen and 10% Phosphoric acid.
After soil testing it was found that at least 14kg of Nitrogen and 14kg of Phosphoric acid
is required for a good crop. The type I costs Rs. 2/kg and the type II cost Rs. 3/kg. How
many kilograms of each fertilizer should be used to meet the requirement so that the
cost be minimum?
16) A dealer in rural area wishes to purchase a number of sewing machines. He has only Rs.
5760.00 to invest and has space for at most 20 items. Electronic sewing machines cost
him rupees 360 and manually operated sewing machine Rs.240. He can sell an electronic
sewing machine at a profit of Rs.22 and a manually operated sewing machine at a profit
of Rs.18. Assuming that he can sell all the items he can buy, how should he invest his
money in order to maximize his profit. Make it as a Linear Programming Problem and
solve it graphically. Justify the values promoted for the selection of the manually
operated machines.
17) Every gram of wheat provides 0.1 gm of proteins and 0.25 gm of carbohydrates. The
corresponding values for rice are 0.05 gm and 0.5 gm respectively. Wheat costs Rs. 4
per kg and rice Rs. 6 per kg. The minimum daily requirements of proteins and
carbohydrates for an average child are 50 gms and 200 gms respectively. In what
quantities should wheat and rice be mixed in the daily diet to provide minimum daily
requirements of proteins and carbohydrates at minimum cost? Frame an L.P.P. and
solve it graphically.
18) A farmer decides to plant up to 10 hectares with cabbages and potatoes. He decides to
grow at least 2 but not more than 8 hectares of cabbages and at least 1 but not more

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than 6 hectares of potatoes. If he can make a profit of Rs. 1500 per hectare on cabbages
and Rs. 2000 per hectare on potatoes, how he plan his farming so as to get the maximum
profit? From an LPP and solve it graphically.
19) If a young man drives his vehicle at 25 km/hr, he has to spend Rs 2/km on petrol. If he
drives it at a faster speed of 40 km/hr, the petrol cost increases to Rs 5/km. He has Rs
100 to spend on petrol and travel within one hour. Express this as an LPP and solve the
same.
20) A manufacturer has three machines A, B and C installed in his factory. Machines A and
B are capable of being operated for at most 12 hours whereas machine C must be
operated for at least 5 hours a day. He produces only two items M and N each requiring
the use of all the three machines. The number of hours required for producing 1 unit of
each of M and N on the machines are given in the following table:
Items Number of Hours Required on Machine
A B C
M 1 2 1
N 2 1 1.25
He makes a profit of Rs.600 and Rs.400 on items M and N respectively. How many of
each item should she produce so as to maximize her profit assuming that she can sell all
the items that the produced? What will be the maximum profit?
21) A brick manufacturer company has depots at two places A and B. From these places,
supply is to be made to each of its three builders P, Q and R. The monthly requirement
of these builders are respectively 15000, 20000 and 15000 bricks, While the stock
capacity of the depots at A and B are 30000 and 20000 bricks respectively. The
transportation cost per 1000 bricks from these depots to the builders are given:

Transportation cost per 1000 bricks (in Rs.)

From
A B
To
P 40 20
Q 20 60
R 30 40
How many bricks from each depot be transported to each builder so that the cost of
transportation is minimum? Also find the minimum cost.
22) An Airplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs.400 is made on each
first class ticket and a profit of 300 is made on each second class ticket. The airline
reserve at least 20 seats for first class however at least four times as many passengers
prefer to travel by second class than by first class. Determine how many tickets for each
type must be sold, to maximize profit for the airline. From an LP. P. and solve it
graphically.
23) A toy company manufacturers two type of dolls, A and B. Market tests and available
resources have indicated that the combined production level should not exceed 12000
dolls per week and the demand of type B is at most half of that for dolls of type A.
Further, the production level of dolls of type A can exceed three times the production
of doll of other type by at most 6000 units. If the company makes profit of Rs120 and

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Rs.160 per doll respectively on doll A and B, how many of each should be produced
weekly in order to maximize the profit?
24) A medicine company has factories at two places A and B. From these places, supply is
to be made to each of its three agencies P, Q and R. The monthly requirement of these
agencies are respectively 40, 40 and 50 packets of the medicines, While the production
capacity of the factories at A and B are 60 and 70 packets are respectively. The
transportation cost per packet from these factories to the agencies are given:

Transportation Cost Per Packet (In Rs.)

From
A B
To
P 5 4
Q 4 2
R 3 5

How many packets from each factory be transported to each agency so that the cost of
transportation is minimum? Also find the minimum cost.
25) A cooperative society of farmers has 50 hectares of land to grow two crops X and Y. The
profit from crops X and Y per hectare are estimated as Rs 10,500 and Rs 9,000
respectively. To control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be used for crops X and Y at
rates of 20 liters and 10 liters per hectare. Further, no more than 800 liters of herbicide
should be used in order to protect fish and wild life using a pond which collects drainage
from this land. How much land should be allocated to each crop so as to maximize the
total profit of the society? Write the advantage of cooperative society in a village?
26) A factory makes badminton rackets and cricket bats. A racket takes 90 minutes of
machine time and 3 hours of craft man’s time while the bat takes 3 hours of machine
time and 60 minutes of craft man’s time. In factory, machine is not available for more
than 42 hours and that of craft man for 24 hours. If the profit on a racket and a bat is
Rs. 20 and Rs. 10 respectively, find the number of rackets and bats that the factory must
manufacture to earn the maximum profit. Make it as an L.P.P. and solve graphically.
27) A farmer owns a field of area 1000m2. He wants to plant fruit trees in it. He has sum of
Rs. 2400 to purchase young trees. He has the choice of two types of trees. Type A
requires 10m2 of ground per tree and costs Rs. 30 per tree and, type B requires 20m 2 of
ground per tree and costs Rs.40 per tree. When full grown, a type A tree produces an
average of 20kg of fruits which can be sold at a profit of Rs. 12 per kg and a type B tree
produces an average of 35kg of fruits which can be sold at a profit of Rs.10 per kg. How
many of each type should be planted to achieve maximum profit when trees are fully
grown? What is the maximum profit? ‘India is a land of farmers.’ Comment.
28) A manufacturer of electronic circuits has a stock of 200 resistors, 120 transistors and
150 capacitors and is required to produce two types of circuits A and B. Type A requires
20 resistors, 10 transistors and 10 capacitors. Type B requires 10 resistors, 20 transistors
and 30 capacitors. If the profit on type A circuit is Rs.50 and that of type B circuit is Rs.60,
this as a linear programming problem so that the manufacturer can maximize his profit.
Also solve the L.P.P. graphically to find the maximum profit. The owner of this unit is
knowingly producing defective circuitries with an aim of earning money. How would you
stop him doing that by making him conscious of his wrong act?

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29) A factory owner purchases two types of machines A and B for his factory. The
requirements and limitations for the machines are as follows:

Machine Area Occupied Labour Force Daily Output (In units)

A 1000 m2 12 men 60
B 1200 m2 8 men 40

He has maximum area of 7600 m2 available and 72 skilled labourers who can operate
both the machines. How many machines of each type should he buy to maximize the
daily output?
30) A company manufactures two types of sweaters, type A and type B. It costs Rs. 360 to
make one unit of type A and Rs. 120 to make a unit of type B. The company can make
at most 300 sweaters and can spend almost Rs. 72000 a day. The number of sweaters
of type A cannot exceed the number of type B by more than 100. The company makes
a profit of Rs. 200 on each unit of type A but considering the difficulties of a common
man the company charges a nominal profit of Rs. 20 on a unit of type B. Formulate LPP
to solve the problem for maximum profit.

The size of your problem is nothing compared to your ability to solve them.
Don't overestimate your problems, and underestimate yourself.
- ABHISHEK JAIN

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