CHAPTER - 12

LINEAR PROGRAMMING

1. A diet for a sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals and

1400 units of calories. Two foods A and B are available at the cost of Rs 5 and Rs 4 per unit

respectively. One unit of the food A contains 200 units of vitamins, 1 unit of minerals and 40 units of

calories, while one unit of food B contains 100 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals and 40 units of

calories. Find what combination of the foods A and B should be used to have least cost.

2. Every gram of wheat provides 0.1 gm of proteins and 0.25 gm of carbohydrates. The corresponding

values for rice are 0.05 gm and 0.5 gm respectively. Wheat costs Rs. 4 per kg and rice Rs. 6 per kg. The

minimum daily requirements of proteins and carbohydrates for an average child are 50 gm and 200 gm

respectively. In what quantities should wheat and rice be mixed in the daily diet to provide minimum

daily requirements of proteins and carbohydrates at minimum cost? Frame an L.P.P. and solve it

graphically.

3. A furniture firm manufactures chairs and tables, each requiring the use of three machines A, B and C.

Production of one chair requires 2 hours on machine A, 1 hour on machine B and 1 hour on machine C.

Each table requires 1 hour each on machine A and B and 3 hours on machine C. The profit obtained by

selling one chair is Rs. 30 while by selling one table the profit is Rs. 60. The total time available per

week on machine A is 70 hours, on machine B is 40 hours and on machine C is 90 hours. How many

chairs and tables should be made per week so as to maximize profit? Formulate the problem as L.P.P.

and solve it graphically.

4. If a young man drives his vehicle at 25 km/hr, he has to spend Rs 2 per km on petrol. If he rides at a

faster speed of 40 km/hr, the petrol cost increases at Rs 5 per km. He has Rs 100 to spend on petrol and

wishes to find what is the maximum distance he can travel in one hour. Express this as an LPP and solve

it graphically.

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5. An oil company requires 12000, 20000 and 15000 barrels of high-grade, medium-grade and low-

grade oil, respectively. Refinery A produces 100, 300 and 200 barrels perpendicular day of high-grade,

medium-grade and low-grade oil, respectively, while refinery B produces 200, 400 and 100 barrels

perpendicular day of high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade oil, respectively. If the refinery A costs

Rs 400 per day and refinery B costs Rs 300 per day to operate, how many days should each be run to

minimize costs.

6. A manufacturer produces two types of steel trunks. He has two machines A and B. The first type of

trunk requires 3 hours on machine A and 3 hours on machine B. The second type of trunk requires

3 hours on machine A and 2 hours on machine B. Machines A and B can work at most for 18 hours and

15 hours per day respectively. He earns a profit of Rs 30 and Rs 25 per trunk of the first type and second

type respectively. How many trunks of each type must he make each day to make the maximum profit?

What should be the qualities of good machine?

7. A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He has only Rs 5760 to invest

and has space for at most 20 items. A fan costs him Rs 360 and a sewing machine costs him Rs 240. He

expects to sell a fan a profit of Rs 22 and a sewing machine at a profit of Rs 18. Assuming that he can

sell all the items that he buys, how should he invest his money to maximize the profit? What is the

maximum profit?

8. A factory owner purchases two types of machines, A and B for his factory. The requirements and the

limitations for the machines are as follows:

Area occupied Labour force Daily output

Machine (in m2) (in units)

A 1000 12 men 60

B 1200 8 men 40

He has maximum area of 9000 m2 available, and 72 skilled laborers who can operate both the machines.

How many machines of each type should he buy to maximize the daily output?

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9. A soft drinks manufacturing company is preparing a production plan on two types A and B of soft

drinks. There is sufficient material available to make 20,000 bottles of drink A and 40,000 bottles of

drink B but there are only 45000 empty bottles into which either of the drinks can be filled. Further,

it takes 3 hours to fill 1000 bottles of drink A and one hour to fill 1000 bottles of drink B. There are only

66 hours available for filling. The profit is Rs 2 per bottle for drink A and Re 1 per bottle for drink B.

Set up this problem as a linear programming problem and find graphically the production schedule in

order to maximize the profit.

10. A company manufactures two types of toys A and B. Type A requires 5 minutes each for cutting

and 10 minutes each for assembling. Type B requires 8 minutes each for cutting and 8 minutes each for

assembling. There are three hours available for cutting and four hours available for assembling in a day.

The profit is Rs 50 each on type A and Rs. 60 each on type B. How many toys of each should the

company manufacture in a day to maximize the profit?

11. A company manufactures two types of screws A and B. All the screws have to pass through

threading machine and a slotting machine. A box of type A screws requires 2 minutes on the treading

machine and 3 minutes on the slotting machine. A box of type B screws requires 8 minutes on the

treading machine and 2 minutes on the slotting machine. In a week, each machine is available for

60 hours. On selling these screws, the company gets the profit of Rs. 100 per box on type A and Rs. 170

per box on type B screws.

Set up this problem as a linear programming problem and find graphically the production schedule in

order to maximize the profit.

12. A shopkeeper deals in two items: thermo flasks and airtight containers. A flask costs Rs. 120 and an

airtight container costs him Rs. 60. He has at most Rs. 12000 to invest and has space to store a

maximum of 150 items. The profit on selling a flask is Rs. 20 and that on airtight container is Rs. 15.

Assuming that he will be able to sell all things he buys, how many of each item should he buy to

maximize his profit?

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13. A company sells two different products A and B. The two products are produced in a common

production process which has a total capacity of 500 man hours. It takes 5 hours to produce a unit of A

and 3 hours to produce a unit of B. The demand in the market shows that the maximum number of unit

of A that can be sold is 70 and that for B is 125. Profit on each unit of A is Rs. 20 and that on B is

Rs. 15. How many units of A and B should be produced to maximize the profit?

14. A manufacturing company manufactures two types of TV sets, one is black and white and other is

colored. The company has resources to make at most 300 sets a week. It takes Rs. 1,800 to make a black

and white set and Rs. 2,700 to make a colored set. The company can spend no more than Rs. 64,8000

a week to make TV sets. If it makes a profit of Rs. 510 per black and white set and Rs. 675 per colored

set. How many sets of each type should be produced so that the company has maximum profit?

15. A manufacturer makes two products A and B. Product A sells at Rs. 200 per unit and takes

30 minutes to make. Product B sells at Rs. 300 per unit and takes 1 hour to make. There is a permanent

order of 14 units of product A and 16 units of product B. A working week consists of 40 hours of

production and the weekly turnover must not be less than Rs. 10,000. If the profit on each unit of

product A is Rs. 20 and on product B is Rs. 30, then find how many units of each product should be

produced to get maximum profit. Also, find the maximum profit.

16. A manufacturer considers that men and women workers are equally efficient and so he pays them at

the same rate. He has 30 and 17 units of workers (male and female) and capital respectively, which he

uses to produce two types of goods A and B. To produce 1 unit of A, 2 workers and 3 units of capital are

required while 3 workers and 1 unit of capital is required to produce 1 unit of B. If A and B are priced at

Rs. 100 and Rs. 120 per unit respectively, how should he use his resources to maximize the total

revenue? Form the above as an LPP and solve it graphically.

Do you agree with this view of the manufacturer that men and women are equally efficient and so

should be paid at same rate?

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17. David wants to invest at most Rs. 12,000 in bonds A and B. According to the rule, he has to invest at

least Rs. 2,000 in bond A and at least Rs. 4,000 in bond B. If the rates of interest on bonds A and B

respectively are 8% and 10% per annum, formulate the problem as L.P.P. and solve it graphically for

maximum interest. Also determine the maximum interest received in a year.

18. A manufacturer produces two models of bikes: model X and model Y. Model X takes a 6 man-hours

to make per unit, while model Y takes 10 man-hours per unit. There is a total of 450 man-hours

available per week. Handling and marketing costs are Rs. 2000 and Rs. 1000 per unit for models X and

Y respectively. The total funds available for these purposes are Rs. 80,000 per week. Profits per unit for

models X and Y are Rs. 1000 and Rs. 500 respectively.

How many bikes of each model should the manufacturer produce so as to yield a maximum profit? Find

the maximum profit also.

19. A medical company has factories at two places, A and B. From these places, supply is made to each

of its three agencies situated at P, Q and R. The monthly requirements of the agencies are respectively

40, 40 and 50 packets of the medicines, while the production capacity of the factories, A and B, are 60

and 70 packets respectively. The transportation costs per packet from the factories to the agencies are

given below.

Transportation cost per packet (in Rs.)

To From A B

P 5 4

Q 4 2

R 3 5

How many packets from each factory be transported to each agency so that the cost of transportation is

minimum? Also find the minimum cost.

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20. A man rides his motorcycle at the speed of 50 km/h. He has to spend Rs. 2 per km on petrol. If he

rides it at a faster speed of 80 km/hr, the petrol cost increases to Rs. 3 per km. He has at most Rs. 120 to

spend on petrol and one hour’s time. Using LPP find the maximum distance he can travel.

21. A library has to accommodate two different types of books on a shelf. The books are 6 cm and 4 cm

thick and weigh 1 kg and 1.5 kg respectively. The shelf is 90 cm long and at most can support a weight

of 21 cm. How the shelf should be filled with the books of two types in order to include maximum

number of books. Form a LPP and solve it graphically.

22. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs 500 is made on each executive

class ticket out of which 20% will go to the welfare fund of the employees. Similarly a profit of Rs. 400

is made on each economy class ticket out of which 25% will go for the improvement of facilities

provided to economy class passengers. In both cases remaining profit goes to the airlines fund. The

airlines reserves at least 20 seats for the executive class. However, at least 4 times as many passengers

prefer to travel by economy class than by executive class. Determine how many tickets of each type

must be sold in order to maximize the net profit of the airlines. From the above situation as LPP and

solve graphically. Do you think more passengers would prefer to travel by such an airlines than by

others?

23. A manufacturer of electronic circuits has a stock of 200 resistors, 120 transistors and 150 capacitors

and is required to produce two types of circuits A and B. Type A requires 20 resistors, 10 transistors and

10 capacitors. Type B requires 10 resistors, 20 transistors and 30 capacitors. If the profit on type A

circuit is Rs 50 and that on type B circuit is Rs 60, how many of circuits of Type A and of Type B,

should be produced by the manufacturer so as to maximise his profit? Determine the maximum profit.

24. A firm has to transport 1200 packages using large vans which can carry 200 packages each and

small vans which can take 80 packages each. The cost for engaging each large van is Rs 400 and each

small van is Rs 200. Not more than Rs 3000 is to be spent on the job and the number of large vans can

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not exceed the number of small vans. Formulate this problem as a LPP to minimize the cost. What will

be the minimum cost?

25. A company manufactures two types of sweaters : type A and type B. It costs Rs 360 to make a type

A sweater and Rs 120 to make a type B sweater. The company can make at most 300 sweaters and

spend at most Rs 72000 a day. The number of sweaters of type B cannot exceed the number of sweaters

of type A by more than 100. The company makes a profit of Rs 200 for each sweater of type A and Rs

120 for every sweater of type B. How many sweaters of each type should the company make in a day to

get a maximum profit? What is the maximum profit.

26. In order to supplement daily diet, a person wishes to take some X and some wishes Y tablets. The

contents of iron, calcium and vitamins in X and Y (in milligrams per tablet) are given as below:

The person needs at least 18 milligrams of iron, 21 milligrams of calcium and 16 milligram of vitamins.

The price of each tablet of X and Y is Rs 2 and Re 1 respectively. How many tablets of each should the

person take in order to satisfy the above requirement at the minimum cost?

27. A company makes 3 model of calculators: A, B and C at factory I and factory II. The company has

orders for at least 6400 calculators of model A, 4000 calculator of model B and 4800 calculator of

model C. At factory I, 50 calculators of model A, 50 of model B and 30 of model C are made every day;

at factory II, 40 calculators of model A, 20 of model B and 40 of model C are made every day. It costs

Rs 12000 and Rs 15000 each day to operate factory I and II, respectively. Find the number of days each

factory should operate to minimise the operating costs and still meet the demand.

28. A retired person wants to invest an amount of Rs. 50,000. His broker recommends investing in two

types of bonds A and B yielding 10% and 9% return respectively on the invested amount. He decides to

invest at least Rs. 20,000 in bond A and at least Rs. 10,000 in bond B. He also wants to invest at least as

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much in bond A as in bond B. Solve this linear programming problem graphically to maximize his

returns.

29. A company manufactures two types of cardigans: type A and type B. It costs Rs 360 to make a type

A cardigan and Rs. 120 to make a type B cardigan. The company can make at most 300 cardigans and

spend at most Rs. 72,000 a day. The number of cardigans of type B cannot exceed the number of

cardigan of type A by more than 200. The company makes a profit of Rs. 100 for each cardigan of type

A and Rs. 50 for every cardigan of type B. Formulate this problem as a linear programming problem to

maximize the profit to the company. Solve it graphically and find maximum profit.

30. Minimize and maximize z  5x  2 y subject to the following constraints:

x 2y 2
3 x  2 y  12
3 x  2 y  3
x  0, y  0

31. Maximize z  2 x  5 y subject to the following constraints:

2x  4 y  8
3x  y  6
x y4
x  0, y  0

ANSWERS

LINEAR PROGRAMMING

1. 5 units of A and 30 units of B; minimum cost is Rs 145

2. 400 g of wheat and 200 g of rice; minimum cost is Rs 2.80

3. 15 chairs and 25 tables; maximum profit is Rs 1,950

4. at 25 km/hr – 50/3 km; at 40 km/hr – 40/3 km; maximum distance is 30 km

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5. A for 60 days, B for 30 days

6. 3 trunks of each type; maximum profit is Rs 165

7. 8 fans and 12 sewing machines; maximum profit is Rs 392

8. 6 machines of type A and no machine of type B OR 2 machines of type A & 6 machines of type B

9. 10500 bottles of drink A and 34500 bottles of drink B

10. 12 toys of type A and 15 toys of type B; maximum profit Rs. 1500

11. Max. Profit Rs. 138600 when 1080 of type A and 180 of type B

12. Max. Profit = Rs. 2500; 50 flasks and 100 airtight containers

13. Max. Profit Rs. 2375 when 25 units of A and 125 units of B are sold

14. Max. Profit: Rs. 172800 when 180 black and white and 120 colored sets are made

15. Max. Profit = Rs. 1440 when 48 units of A and 16 units of B are produced.

16. 3 units of A and 8 units of B and max. Revenue is Rs. 1260

17. max. interest is Rs. 1,160 when Rs. 2,000 and Rs. 10,000 are invested in bond A and B respectively

18.  40, 0  as well as  25,30  , max. profit is Rs. 40,000

19. From A: 10 , 0 , 50 packets from P, Q , R resp; From B: 30 , 40 , 0 packets. Min. cost is Rs. 400

2
20. 54 km 21. 10 and 7 respectively 22. 40 and 160
7
 28 4   30 30 
23.  ,  , max .profit Rs.546.66 24.  ,  , min cost Rs.2571.43
 3 3  7 7 
25. 150 , 150 and max. profit Rs. 48000

26. 1 unit of X , 6 units of Y , minimum cost Rs. 8

27. 80 days, 60 days and minimum cost Rs. 1860000

28. A :Rs.40000 , Rs.10000 Max.Return  Rs.4900

29. A :150, B :150 , max .profit : Rs.22,500

7 3  3
30. zmax  19 at  ,  and zmin  3at  0,  31. zmax 10 at  0, 2 
2 4  2

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