Dr.

Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

Example: Continuous beam deflection

Analyze the short-term and ultimate long-term deflections of end-span of multi-span

beam shown below.

Ignore comp steel 5φ25

600 mm
3φ25 2φ25

9000 mm

Beam spacing = 3000 mm

beff = 9000/4 = 2250 mm Or 16(125) + 300 = 2300 mm Or 3000 mm

è beff = 2250 mm

2250 mm

125 mm

537 mm
600 mm

300 mm

Data:
f’c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
γc = 25 kN/m3
Beam spacing 3000 mm
Superimposed dead load (not including beam self weight) = 1.0 kN/m2
Live load = 4.80 kN/m2 (30% sustained)
A’s is not required for strength.

1
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

1- Minimum Slab Thinkness:

Minimum thickness, for members not supporting or attached to partitions or other

construction
likely to be damaged by large deflections:

hmin = l/18.5 = 9000/18.5 = 486.5 mm < 600 mm è OK

2- Loads and Moments:

Self weight = [(3000)(125) + (475)(300)]/106 x 25 = 12.94 kN/m

wd = (3)(1.0) + 12.94 = 15.94 kN/m

wL = (3)(4.8) = 14.40 kN/m

In lieu of a moment analysis, the ACI approximate moment coefficients (ACI 8.3.3) may
be used as follows: Pos. M = wln2 /14 for positive Ie and maximum deflection, Neg. M =
wln2 /10 for negative Ie.
a. Positive moments
Pos. Md = wdln2 /14 = (15.94)(9)2/14 = 92.22 kN.m
Pos. ML = wLln2 /14 = (14.40)(9)2/14 = 83.31 kN.m
Pos. Md+L = 92.22 + 83.31 = 175.53 kN.m
Pos. Msus = 92.22 + 0.3(83.31) = 117.21 kN.m

b. Negative moments
Neg. Md = wdln2 /10 = (15.94)(9)2/10 = 129.11 kN.m
Neg. ML = wLln2 /10 = (14.40)(9)2/10 = 116.64 kN.m
Neg. Md+L 129.11 + 116.64 = 245.75 kN.m
Neg. Msus = 129.11 + 0.3(116.64) = 164.10 kN.m

3- Modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and modular ratio:

fr = 0.7√f’c = 0.7√28 = 3.704 MPa
Ec = 4700√f’c = 4700√28 = 24870 MPa
n = Es/Ec = 200,000/24,870 = 8.0

2
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

4- Gross and cracked sections moment of inertia:

a. Positive moment section:

Gross section at mid-span:

2250 mm

125 mm

537 mm
600 mm

300 mm

yt = 163.38 mm

Ig = 1.156 x 1010 mm4

Cracked section at mid-span:

2250 mm

ycr
125 mm

537 mm
600 mm
nAs

300 mm

(2250)( ycr)2/2 = 8(1470)(537 - ycr)

y2cr + 10.453 ycr – 5613.4 = 0

3
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

è ycr = 69.88 mm

Icr = 2250(69.88)3/3 + 8(1470)(537 – 69.88)2 = 2.822 x 109 mm4

b. Negative moment section:

Gross section at support:

Ig = (300)(600)3/12 = 5.40 x 109 mm4

Cracked section at support:

nAs

537 mm
600 mm
(n-1)A’s
ycr

300 mm

For As = 2454 mm2, A’s = 980 mm2, d = 537 mm and d’ = 63 mm, then

(300)( ycr)2/2 + (8-1)(980)( ycr - 63) = 8(2454)(537 - ycr)

y2cr + 189.68 ycr - 73164 = 0

ycr = 191.79 mm

Icr = 300(191.79)3/3 + 7(980)(191.79 – 63)2 + 8(2454)(537 – 191.79)2

Icr = 3.159 x 109 mm4

5- Effective moments of inertia:

a. Positive moment section
Mcr = frIg/yt = 3.704 x 1.156 x 1010 / (600 – 163.38) = 98.07 kN.m
Mcr/Md = 98.07/92.22 = 1.06 >1 thus, (Ie)d = Ig = 1.156 x 1010 mm4
Mcr/Msus = 98.07/117.21 = 0.84 <1 thus,
(Ie)sus = (Mcr/ Msus)3Ig + [1 - (Mcr/ Msus)3 ]Icr

4
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

= (0.593)(1.156 x 1010) + (1 – 0.593)( 2.822 x 109) = 8.00 x 109 mm4 < Ig

Mcr/Md+L = 98.07/175.53 = 0.560 <1 thus,

(Ie)d+L = (Mcr/ Md+L)3Ig + [1 - (Mcr/ Md+L)3 ]Icr
= (0.176)(1.156 x 1010) + (1 – 0.176)( 2.822 x 109) = 4.360 x 109 mm4 < Ig

b. Negative moment section

Mcr = frIg/yt = 3.704 x 5.40 x 109 / (300) = 66.67 kN.m
Mcr/Md = 66.67/129.11 = 0.516 >1 thus,
(Ie)d = (Mcr/ Md)3Ig + [1 - (Mcr/ Md)3 ]Icr
= (0.138)(5.40 x 109) + (1 – 0.138)( 3.159 x 109) = 3.468 x 109 mm4 < Ig
Mcr/Msus = 66.67/164.1 = 0.406 >1 thus,
(Ie)sus = (Mcr/ Msus)3Ig + [1 - (Mcr/ Msus)3 ]Icr
= (0.067)(5.40 x 109) + (1 – 0.067)( 3.159 x 109) = 3.309 x 109 mm4 < Ig
Mcr/Md+L = 66.67/245.75 = 0.271 >1 thus,
(Ie)d+L = (Mcr/ Md+L)3Ig + [1 - (Mcr/ Md+L)3 ]Icr
= (0.02)(5.40 x 109) + (1 – 0.02)( 3.159 x 109) = 3.204 x 109 mm4 < Ig

c. Average inertia values

For prismatic members (including T-beams with different cracked sections in
positive and negative moment regions), Ie may be determined at the support
section for cantilevers and at the midspan section for simple and continuous
spans. The use of the midspan section properties for continuous prismatic
members is considered satisfactory in approximate calculations primarily because
the midspan rigidity has the dominant effect on deflections.
Alternatively, for continuous prismatic and nonprismatic members, 9.5.2.4
suggests using the average Ie at the critical positive and negative moment
sections. The 1983 commentary on 9.5.2.4 suggested the following approach to
obtain improved results:
Beams with one end continuous:
. = 0.85 + 0.15 .
Beams with both ends continuous:
. = 0.70 + 0.15( + )

Where Im refers to Ie at midspan, Ie1 and Ie2 refer to both ends of the beam

5
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

. ( ) = 0.85(1.156 × 10 ) + 0.15(3.468 × 10 ) = 1.503 × 10

. ( ) = 0.85(8.000 × 10 ) + 0.15(3.309 × 10 ) = 7.296 × 10
.( ) = 0.85(4.360 × 10 ) + 0.15(3.204 × 10 ) = 4.187 × 10

6- Initial of short-term deflections:

5
Δ =
48

Ma is the support moment for cantilevers and the midspan moment (when K is so
defined) for simple and continuous beams.

8
= 1.20 − 0.20 = 1.20 − 0.20 = 0.85
14

5 5 (92.22 × 10 )(9000)
(Δ ) = = 0.85 = 2.301
48 ( ) 48 24870 × 1.156 × 10

Or = 1.769 mm using avrg. (Ie)d = 1.503 x 1010 mm4

6
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

5 5 (117.21 × 10 )(9000)
(Δ ) = = 0.85 = 4.225
48 ( ) 48 24870 × 8.000 × 10

Or = 4.633 mm using avrg. (Ie)d = 7.296 x 109 mm4

5 5 (175.53 × 10 )(9000)
(Δ ) = = 0.85 = 11.610
48 ( ) 48 24870 × 4.360 × 10

Or = 12.089 mm using avrg. (Ie)d = 4.187 x 109 mm4

(Δ ) = (Δ ) − (Δ ) = 11.610 − 2.301 = 9.309

Or = 12.089 – 1.769 = 10.320 mm

a. Allowable deflections:
- For flat roofs not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely
to be damaged by large deflections:
9000
(Δ ) ≤ = = 50 > 9.309
180 180
- For floors not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to
be damaged by large deflections:
9000
(Δ ) ≤ = = 25 > 9.309
360 360

7- Ultimate long-term deflections:

Using ACI method with combined creep and shrinkage effects:

2
= = = 2.0
1 + 50 ′ 1+0

Δ = (Δ ) = 2.0 × 4.225 = 8.45

Δ + (Δ ) = 8.45 + 9.309 = 17.759

Or = 19.586 mm using avrg. Ie

a. Allowable deflections:
- For roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural
elements likely to be damaged by large deflections (very stringent limitation):

7
Dr. Hazim Dwairi Hashemite University

9000
Δ + (Δ ) ≤ = = 18.75 .
480 480

- For roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural

elements not likely to be damaged by large deflections:
9000
Δ + (Δ ) ≤ = = 37.5
240 240