A12 Urine Analysis

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LAB
Urine Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Cellular reactions are happening in our body at all times - even while we
are sleeping. When reactions occur in our cells, chemical wastes are formed.
Many of the waste are toxic. These wastes are sent out of our cells and into
our blood vessels, which carry them to the kidneys for processing and
removal from the body. These waste products, mixed with excess water and
other materials, are called urine.
Urinalysis (Urine analysis) can reveal diseases that have gone
unnoticed because they do not produce striking signs and symptoms. Example
include diabetes, various forms of kidney disease and chronic urinary tract infections. A complete
urinalysis, if done properly, can give the physician a great deal of information about his patient
because many different diseases can display abnormalities in the urine. A basic routine urinalysis is
composed of 4 parts: specimen evaluation, gross/physical examination, chemical screening and
sediment examination. Before performing a basic urinalysis, the urine specimen must be evaluated
in terms of its acceptability. One should check for proper specimen for the requested examination,
proper labeling, proper preservation, signs of contamination, and conditions of transportation,
including time of collection. The ideal specimen for a routine urinalysis is a fresh rst morning
specimen collected by the midstream - clean catch. About 15 to 20 ml of urine specimen is
adequate for routine examination. Delay of examination of more than an hour from the time of
collection is generally not acceptable.
Today you will be working with two urine sample from an unknown healthy adults. It is your
job to determine the illness of the unknown sample by performing a number of tests on it. Once
you have determined the illness, you will need to create a report documenting the person’s health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

2 random midstream clean-catch urine lab gown
tissue paper pair of gloves
black marker pen and masking tape face mask
Obtain the following from the BIOLAB Of ce:
2 specimen cups 3 test tubes (5 ml)
urine reagent strip desk lamp (microscope lamp)
urine color chart
Label the body of the specimen cup with patient’s name, date of collection, and attending
physician (Do not label on the cover!). Obtain a random urine specimen from unknown healthy
adults. Thoroughly mix the specimen, and pour approximately 5 ml in a test tube.
Determination of the Color

Hold the test tube with urine specimen against a white background. With bright lighting,
describe the color as straw/pale straw, dark straw or amber, etc. Record your observation.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LAB
Urine Analysis
Determination of the Clarity

Hold the test tube with urine and a test tube with distilled water against a bold black line on
white paper. Make sure the light source is directly on top of the tube.Compare the contrast of the
black line as it appears through the tube of urine. Use the tube with distilled water a basis for the
“clear” clarity.
a. clear – black line appears as black as in distilled water
b. hazy – slight whitening of the black line
c. cloudy – slight whitening of the black line with discernible small particles
d. turbid – black line barely visible due to several discernible small particles/ akes
e. milky – black line barely visible and urine appears almost white
Chemical Examination of Urine by Reagent Strip (©Cypress Diagnostics)
Get a strip from the container and tightly close the lid. Quickly dip the strip into the urine for no
more than 2 seconds. Run the sides of the strip on the rim of the test tube as you withdraw it from
the specimen to remove excess urine. Blot the sides of the strip in a piece of clean tissue paper.
Wait for the designated time of reaction. Compare the colors of the test pads after exactly 60
seconds with the color of the chart on the vial label under a good light. While comparing, keep the
strip horizontally to prevent possible mixing of chemicals when excessive urine is present. Record
your observations.
Review Questions: Integrate your answers in the Results and Discussion of your lab report.
1. How will the midstream clean-catch urine collection affect urine clarity?
2. In what instances might the urine volume be increased? Cite 2 physiologic and pathologic
conditions, and explain how such conditions give rise to polyuria.
3. Why is it important to collect urine before any radiologic examination or test is done?
Reference:
NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard) GP16-A/Routine urinalysis and
collection transportation and preservation of urine specimens, Tentative guideline vol 12,
no. 26, ec 1992. 11, 2019, Rev 9.0
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LAB

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Determination of the Color

Determination of the Clarity

Chemical Examination of Urine by Reagent Strip (©Cypress Diagnostics)

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