V.E.S.

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE (AUTONOMOUS), CHEMBUR

ASSIGNMENT
S.Y.B.Sc. Information Technology SEMESTER - III 2024-2025
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Roll Number : 1 to 18
UNIT I
1. Set Theory
2. Mathematical Logic
3. Relations
1. Prove that : For all sets 𝐴 and 𝐵, (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵 𝑐
2. Explain tautology, Contradiction and Contingency with an example.
3. −1 1
For each positive integer 𝑖, 𝐴𝑖 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ| <𝑥< }
𝑖 𝑖
(a)Find 𝐴1 ∪ 𝐴2 ∪ 𝐴3 ∪ 𝐴4 and 𝐴1 ∩ 𝐴2 ∩ 𝐴3 ∩ 𝐴4 (b) Find ⋃∞ ∞
𝑖=0 𝐴𝑖 and ⋂𝑖=1 𝐴𝑖
4. Find number of integers between 1 and 250 that are not divisible by any of the integers 2, 3 and 7.
5. If 𝐴 = {𝑥|𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0} , 𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 36 = 0} , C={1,2,3} then find
(𝑎) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶 (𝑏)(𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐶 − 𝐵)
6. Let ℤ be the set of all integers and let 𝑅 be a relation in ℤ, defined by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)| (𝑎 – 𝑏) 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛}. Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation in ℤ.

UNIT II
1. Functions
2. Recurrence Relations
3. Elementary Number Theory and Methods of Proofs
1. Prove statement by contrapositive and contradiction: For all integers 𝑛, if 𝑛2 is even then 𝑛 is even.
2. Verify given statement: If 𝑘 is any odd integer and 𝑚 is any even integer, then 𝑘 2 + 𝑚2 is odd.
3. Solve the recurrence relation 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑎𝑛−1 − 2𝑎𝑛−2 when 𝑛 ≥ 2, 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 2.
4. Solve the recurrence relation 2𝑎𝑛+3 = 𝑎𝑛+2 + 2𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛 , where 𝑛 ≥ 0, 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2.
5. Define one-one, onto and bijective functions. Define any one function and then prove that it is bijective
function.
6. For all real numbers 𝑥, prove that |𝑥𝑦| = |𝑥||𝑦|.

UNIT III
1. Techniques Counting
2. Probability
1. There are 8 men and 7 women in a drama company. How many way the director has to choose a couple to
play lead roles in a stage show?
2. How many different number of signals that can be sent by 5 flags of different colours taking one or more
at a time?
3. How many four digit passwords can be formed using the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 if
i) no digit is repeated in password?
ii) Repetition of digits is allowed in password?
4. 1 2 3
The probability that A, B, and C can solve the same problem independently are 3 , 5 and respectively.
4
Find the probability that
i) the problem remain unsolved,
ii) the problem is solved ,

1
 iii) only one of them solve the problem
5. 3 5 7
If 𝑃(𝐴) = 8 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 8 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 8 then find
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝑖)𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) (𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) (𝑖𝑣)𝑃(𝐴̅)
6. If 40 students take discrete mathematics and 35 students take quantitative methods while 60 students take
at least one of them. Find the probability that
(i) Taken both the subjects
(ii) A taken exactly one subject
(iii) Taken only discrete mathematics
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2
 V.E.S. COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE (AUTONOMOUS), CHEMBUR

ASSIGNMENT
S.Y.B.Sc. Information Technology SEMESTER - III 2024-2025
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Roll Number : 19 to 36
UNIT I
1. Set Theory
2. Mathematical Logic
3. Relations
1. Prove that : For all sets 𝐴 and 𝐵, (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ∪ 𝐵 𝑐
2. Explain Conjunction, Disjunction, Conditional and Biconditional with using truth table.
3. 1
For each positive integer 𝑖, 𝑅𝑖 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 + 𝑖 }
(a)Find 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 ∪ 𝑅3 ∪ 𝑅4 and 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 ∩ 𝑅3 ∩ 𝑅4
(b) Are 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 , 𝑅4 pairwise disjoint? Explain.
4. Find number of integers between 1 and 260 that not divisible by any of the integers 3, 5 and 7.
5. Which of the following are empty set: (a) 𝑃 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0}
(b) 𝑄 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 9 = 0}
6. Let 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4} and 𝑅 = {(1, 1), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 4)}. Show that 𝑅 is an
equivalence relation of 𝑋.

UNIT II
1. Functions
2. Recurrence Relations
3. Elementary Number Theory and Methods of Proofs
1. Prove that for all integers 𝑚 and𝑛, 𝑚 + 𝑛 and 𝑚 − 𝑛 are either both odd or both even.
2. Verify given statement: If 𝑎 is any odd integer and 𝑏 is any even integer, then 2𝑎 + 3𝑏 is even.
3. Prove that for all integers 𝑎 and 𝑏, if 𝑎 mod 7 = 5 and 𝑏 mod 7 = 6 then 𝑎𝑏 mod 7 = 2.
4. If a function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑋 → 𝑌 is an Onto function and an another function 𝑔 ∶ 𝑌 → 𝑍 is also an Onto function,
then 𝑔𝑜𝑓 ∶ 𝑋 → 𝑍 will be an Onto function.
5. Let 𝐽5 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, and define functions 𝑓: 𝐽5 → 𝐽5 and 𝑔: 𝐽5 → 𝐽5 as follows: For each 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽5 , 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 4)2 𝑚𝑜𝑑 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1) 𝑚𝑜𝑑 5 . 𝐼𝑠 𝑓 = 𝑔? Explain.
6. Solve the recurrence relation 2𝑎𝑛+3 = 𝑎𝑛+2 + 2𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛 , where 𝑛 ≥ 0, 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2.

UNIT III
1. Techniques Counting
2. Probability
1. There are 4 different English books, 5 different Hindi books and 7 different Marathi books. How many
ways are there to pick up pair of two books not both with the same subjects?
2. There are 30 tickets bearing numbers from 1 to 15 in a bag. One ticket is drawn from the bag at random.
Find the probability that the ticket bears a number, which is even, or a multiple of 3.
3. 1
Manish and Mandar are trying to make Software for company. Probability that Manish can be success is 5
3
and Mandar can be success is 5, both are doing independently. Find the probability that
i) both are success.
ii) At least one will get success.
iii) None of them will success.

3
 iv) Only Mandar will success but Manish will not success.
4. A bag contains 8 white & 6 red balls. Find the probability of drawing 2 balls of the same colour.
5. If A and B are two events of sample space S, such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.85, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.7 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.95.
Find (𝑖) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) (𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) (𝑖𝑣)𝑃(𝐴̅)
6. A bag contains 4 red marbles and 5 green marbles. Find the number of ways that 4 marbles can be selected
from the bag, if selection contain
i) No restriction of colours.
ii) all are of same colours.

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4
 V.E.S. COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE (AUTONOMOUS), CHEMBUR
ASSIGNMENT
S.Y.B.Sc. Information Technology SEMESTER - III 2024-2025
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Roll Number : 37 to 54
UNIT I
1. Set Theory
2. Mathematical Logic
3. Relations
1. Using truth table verify (a) ~(𝑝˅𝑞)˅(~𝑝˄𝑞) ≡ ~𝑝 (b) 𝑝 ↔ 𝑞 ≡ (𝑝˄𝑞)˅(~𝑝˄~𝑞)
2. Let 𝐴 = {2, 3, 4} and 𝐵 = {6, 8, 10} and define a relation 𝑅 from 𝐴 to 𝐵 as follows : Given any (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈
𝐴 × 𝐵,
𝑦
(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⇔ is an integer.
2
a. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in 𝐴 × 𝐵 and which are in 𝑅.
b. Is 1 𝑅 3? Is 2 𝑅 3? Is 2 𝑅 2?
c. Draw an arrow diagram for 𝑅.
3. If 𝐴 = {𝑥|𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0} , 𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 36 = 0} , C={1,2,3} then find
(𝑎) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶 (𝑏)(𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐶 − 𝐵)
4. Find number of integers between 1 and 230 that are divisible by 2 or 3 or 5.
5. Prove that : For all sets 𝐴 and 𝐵, (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵 𝑐
6. Let 𝑁 be the set of natural numbers and let 𝑅 be a relation in 𝑁, defined by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) | 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3}. Check whether 𝑅 is an equivalence relation or not.

UNIT II
1. Functions
2. Recurrence Relations
3. Elementary Number Theory and Methods of Proofs
1. Use the quotient – remainder theorem with 𝑑 = 3 to prove that the square of any integers has the form 3𝑘
or 3𝑘 + 1 for some integer 𝑘.
2. Prove statement by contrapositive and contradiction: For all integers 𝑛, if 𝑛2 is odd then 𝑛 is odd.
3. Define 𝑔 ∶ Ƶ → Ƶ by the rule 𝑔(𝑛) = 4𝑛 − 5, for all integers 𝑛
A. Is 𝑔 one-to-one? Prove or give a counter example.
B. Is 𝑔 onto? Prove or give a counter example.
4. Prove that : If a function f : X → Y is a One-One function and an another function g : Y → Z is also a
One-One function, then g ◦ f : X → Z will be a One-One function.
5. Solve the recurrence relation 2𝑎𝑛+3 = 𝑎𝑛+2 + 2𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛 , where 𝑛 ≥ 0, 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2.
6. Let 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 be integers. Then prove that
(i) If 𝑎|𝑏 and 𝑏|𝑐 then 𝑎|𝑏 + 𝑐
(ii) If 𝑎|𝑏 and 𝑎|𝑐 where 𝑏 > 𝑐, then 𝑎|𝑏 − 𝑐
(iii) If 𝑎|𝑏 or 𝑎|𝑐 then 𝑎|𝑏𝑐
(iv) If 𝑎|𝑏 and 𝑏|𝑐 then 𝑎|𝑐

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 UNIT III
1. Techniques Counting
2. Probability
1. To generate typical personal identification number (PIN) is a sequence of any four symbols chosen from
the letters in the alphabet and the digits, How many different PIN’s are generated?
i) Repetition is not allowed.
ii) Repetition is allowed.
2. In college 200 students visit to canteen every day of which 80 likes coffee and 70 likes tea. If no one
student like both then find
i) number of students like atleast one of them?
ii) number of students like none of them?
3. In a class of 60 students, 50 passed in computers, 40 passed in mathematics and 35 passed in both. What
is the probability that a student selected at random has
i) Passed in atleast one subject,
ii) failed in both the subjects,
iii) passed in only one subject.
4. A card is drawn at random from well shuffled pack of card find the probability that it is red or king card.
5. 1
Manish and Mandar are trying to make Software for company. Probability that Manish can be success is 5
3
and Mandar can be success is 5, both are doing independently. Find the probability that
i) Both are success.
ii) At least one will get success.
iii) None of them will success.
iv) Only Mandar will success but Manish will not success
6. There are 4 different English books, 5 different Hindi books and 7 different Marathi books. How many
ways are there to pick up pair of two books not both with the same subjects.

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6
 V.E.S. COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE (AUTONOMOUS), CHEMBUR
ASSIGNMENT
S.Y.B.Sc. Information Technology SEMESTER - III 2024-2025
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Roll Number : 55 to 69
UNIT I
1. Set Theory
2. Mathematical Logic
3. Relations
1. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2} and 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3} and define a relation 𝑅 from 𝐴 to 𝐵 as follows : Given any (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈
𝐴 × 𝐵,
𝑥−𝑦
(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⇔ is an integer.
2
a. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in 𝐴 × 𝐵 and which are in 𝑅.
b. Is 7 R 3? Is 2 R 3? Is 9 R 2?
c. Draw an arrow diagram for 𝑅.
2. Which of the following are empty set: (a) 𝑃 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0} (b) 𝑄 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 +
9 = 0}
3. Using truth table verify (a) ∼(∼p ∧ q) ∧ (p ∨ q) ≡ p. (b) [(𝑝˅𝑞)˄~𝑝] → 𝑞 ≡ 𝑇
4. Find number of integers between 1 and 210 that are divisible by 2 or 3 or 7.
5. 1
For each positive integer 𝑖, 𝑅𝑖 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 + 𝑖 }
(a)Find 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 ∪ 𝑅3 ∪ 𝑅4 and 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 ∩ 𝑅3 ∩ 𝑅4
(b) Are 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 , 𝑅4 pairwise disjoint? Explain.
6. Let 𝑁 be the set of natural numbers and let 𝑅 be a relation in 𝑁, defined by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3}. Check whether 𝑅 is an equivalence relation or not.

UNIT II
1. Functions
2. Recurrence Relations
3. Elementary Number Theory and Methods of Proofs
1. Prove that : The square of any odd integer has the form 8m + 1 for some integer m.
2. Prove that for all integers 𝑚 and 𝑛, if 𝑚 mod 5 = 2 and 𝑛 mod 3 = 6 then 𝑚𝑛 mod 5 = 1.
3. Determine whether the statement is true or false. Prove the statement directly from the definitions if it is
true, and give a counterexample if it is false.
(a) For all integers 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, if 𝑎|𝑏 and 𝑎|𝑐 then 𝑎|(2𝑏 − 3𝑐).
(b) For all integers , 𝑏, 𝑐, if 𝑎𝑏|𝑐 then 𝑎|𝑐 and 𝑏|𝑐.
4. Following sequences satisfies the given recurrence relation and initial conditions. Find an explicit formula
for the sequence:
A. 𝑎𝑘 = 2𝑎𝑘−1 + 3𝑎𝑘−2 , 𝑘 ≥ 2 with initial conditions 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 2
B. 𝑎𝑘 = −4𝑎𝑘−1 − 4𝑎𝑘−2 , 𝑘 ≥ 2 with initial conditions 𝑎0 = 0, 𝑎1 = −1
5. Define 𝐹: 𝑍 → 𝑍 by 𝐹 (𝑛) = 2 − 3𝑛, for all integers 𝑛.
A. Is F one-to-one? Prove or give a counterexample.
B. Is F onto? Prove or give a counterexample.

7
6. Let 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) be the predicate “If 𝑥 < 𝑦 then 𝑥 2 < 𝑦 2 ” with domain for both 𝑥 and 𝑦 being the set R of real
number.
a. Explain why 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) is false if 𝑥 = -2 and 𝑦 = 1.
b. Give values different from those in part (a) for which 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) is false.
c. Explain why 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦)is true if 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦= 8.
d. Give values different from those in part (c) for which 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) is true

UNIT III
1. Techniques Counting
2. Probability
1. A license plate can be made by 2 letters followed by 3 digits. How many different license plates can be
made if
i) Repetition is not allowed.
ii) Repetition is allowed.
2. A bag contains 4 red marbles and 5 green marbles. Find the number of ways that 4 marbles can be selected
from the bag, if selection contain
i) No restriction of colours.
ii) all are of same colours.
3. How many four digit passwords can be formed using the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 if
i) no digit is repeated in password?
ii) Repetition of digits is allowed in password?
4. A card is drawn from pack of 52 cards at random. Find the probability that it is a face card or a diamond
card
5. From 40 tickets marked from 1 to 40, one ticket is drawn at random. Find the probability that it is marked
with a multiple of 3 or 4.
6. In a class of 60 students, 50 passed in computers, 40 passed in mathematics and 35 passed in both. What
is the probability that a student selected at random has
i) Passed in atleast one subject,
ii) failed in both the subjects,
iii) passed in only one subject.
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