What do you understand about JavaScript?

jslogo

Fig: JavaScript Logo

JavaScript is a popular web scripting language used for client-side and server-side
development. Its code can be inserted into HTML pages and understood and executed
by web browsers. JavaScript also supports object-oriented programming abilities.
2. What’s the difference between JavaScript and Java?

JavaScript

Java

JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language.

Java is an object-oriented programming language.

JavaScript applications are meant to run inside a web browser.

Java applications are generally made for use in operating systems and virtual
machines.

JavaScript does not need compilation before running the application code.

Java source code needs a compiler before it can be ready to run in realtime.
3. What are the various data types that exist in JavaScript?

These are the different types of data that JavaScript supports:

Boolean - For true and false values

Null - For empty or unknown values
Undefined - For variables that are only declared and not defined or initialized
Number - For integer and floating-point numbers
String - For characters and alphanumeric values
Object - For collections or complex values
Symbols - For unique identifiers for objects

4. What are the features of JavaScript?

These are the features of JavaScript:

Lightweight, interpreted programming language

Cross-platform compatible
Open-source
Object-oriented
Integration with other backend and frontend technologies
Used especially for the development of network-based applications

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5. What are the advantages of JavaScript over other web technologies?
These are the advantages of JavaScript:
Enhanced Interaction

JavaScript adds interaction to otherwise static web pages and makes them react to
users’ inputs.
Quick Feedback

There is no need for a web page to reload when running JavaScript. For example,
form input validation.
Rich User Interface

JavaScript helps in making the UI of web applications look and feel much better.
Frameworks

JavaScript has countless frameworks and libraries that are extensively used for
developing web applications and games of all kinds.
6. How do you create an object in JavaScript?

Since JavaScript is essentially an object-oriented scripting language, it supports

and encourages the usage of objects while developing web applications.

const student = {

name: 'John',

age: 17

}
7. How do you create an array in JavaScript?

Here is a very simple way of creating arrays in JavaScript using the array literal:

var a = [];

var b = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’];

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8. What are some of the built-in methods in JavaScript?

Built-in Method

Values

Date()

Returns the present date and time

concat()

Joins two strings and returns the new string

push()

Adds an item to an array

pop()

Removes and also returns the last element of an array

round()

Rounds of the value to the nearest integer and then returns it

length()

Returns the length of a string

9. What are the scopes of a variable in JavaScript?

The scope of a variable implies where the variable has been declared or defined in
a JavaScript program. There are two scopes of a variable:
Global Scope

Global variables, having global scope are available everywhere in a JavaScript

code.
Local Scope

Local variables are accessible only within a function in which they are defined.
10. What is the ‘this’ keyword in JavaScript?

The ‘this’ keyword in JavaScript refers to the currently calling object. It is

commonly used in constructors to assign values to object properties.
11. What are the conventions of naming a variable in JavaScript?

Following are the naming conventions for a variable in JavaScript:

Variable names cannot be similar to that of reserved keywords. For example,

var, let, const, etc.
Variable names cannot begin with a numeric value. They must only begin with a
letter or an underscore character.
Variable names are case-sensitive.

12. What is Callback in JavaScript?

In JavaScript, functions are objects and therefore, functions can take other
functions as arguments and can also be returned by other functions.

callback.J

Fig: Callback function

A callback is a JavaScript function that is passed to another function as an

argument or a parameter. This function is to be executed whenever the function that
it is passed to gets executed.
13. How do you debug a JavaScript code?

All modern web browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, etc., have an inbuilt debugger
that can be accessed anytime by pressing the relevant key, usually the F12 key. The
debugging tools offer several features.

We can also debug JavaScript code inside a code editor that we use to develop a
JavaScript application, such as Visual Studio Code, Atom, Sublime Text, etc.
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14. What is the difference between Function declaration and Function expression?

Function declaration

Function expression

Declared as a separate statement within the main JavaScript code

Created inside an expression or some other construct

Can be called before the function is defined

Created when the execution point reaches it; can be used only after that

Offers better code readability and better code organization

Used when there is a need for a conditional declaration of a function

Example:

function abc() {

return 5;

Example:

var a = function abc() {

return 5;

}
15. What are the ways of adding JavaScript code in an HTML file?

There are primarily two ways of embedding JavaScript code:

We can write JavaScript code within the script tag in the same HTML file; this
is suitable when we need just a few lines of scripting within a web page.
We can import a JavaScript source file into an HTML document; this adds all
scripting capabilities to a web page without cluttering the code.

Intermediate JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers

Here are some intermediate-level JavaScript interview questions and answers for you
to prepare for your interviews.
16. What do you understand about cookies?

browser-cookies
Fig: Browser cookies

A cookie is generally a small data that is sent from a website and stored on the
user’s machine by a web browser that was used to access the website. Cookies are
used to remember information for later use and also to record the browsing activity
on a website.
17. How would you create a cookie?

The simplest way of creating a cookie using JavaScript is as below:

document.cookie = "key1 = value1; key2 = value2; expires = date";

18. How would you read a cookie?

Reading a cookie using JavaScript is also very simple. We can use the
document.cookie string that contains the cookies that we just created using that
string.

The document.cookie string keeps a list of name-value pairs separated by

semicolons, where ‘name’ is the name of the cookie, and ‘value’ is its value. We
can also use the split() method to break the cookie value into keys and values.
19. How would you delete a cookie?

To delete a cookie, we can just set an expiration date and time. Specifying the
correct path of the cookie that we want to delete is a good practice since some
browsers won’t allow the deletion of cookies unless there is a clear path that
tells which cookie to delete from the user’s machine.

function delete_cookie(name) {

document.cookie = name + "=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;";

}
20. What’s the difference between let and var?

Both let and var are used for variable and method declarations in JavaScript. So
there isn’t much of a difference between these two besides that while var keyword
is scoped by function, the let keyword is scoped by a block.