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BS EN 302-1:2013

BSI Standards Publication

Adhesives for load-bearing

timber structures —
Test methods
Part 1: Determination of longitudinal
tensile shear strength

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

raising standards worldwide™

 BS EN 302-1:2013 BRITISH STANDARD
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National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 302-1:2013.
It supersedes BS EN 302-1:2004, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to
Technical Committee PRI/52, Adhesives.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2013.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.
ISBN 978 0 580 75255 1
ICS 83.180
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
 BS EN 302-1:2013

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 302-1

Licensed Copy: Mr. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia User, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 02/08/2013 06:46, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2013

ICS 83.180 Supersedes EN 302-1:2004

English Version

Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures - Test methods -

Part 1: Determination of longitudinal tensile shear strength

Adhésifs pour structures en bois - Méthodes d'essais - Klebstoffe für tragende Holzbauteile - Prüfverfahren - Teil 1:
Partie 1: Détermination de la résistance du joint au Bestimmung der Längszugscherfestigkeit
cisaillement en traction longitudinale

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 February 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 302-1:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 BS EN 302-1:2013
EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Contents Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6
4 Symbols ..................................................................................................................................................7
5 Principle ..................................................................................................................................................7
6 Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................7
7 Method ....................................................................................................................................................7
7.1 Preparation of panels ............................................................................................................................7
7.2 Preparation of the bonded assemblies................................................................................................8
7.2.1 Wood adherends and bonding procedure ..........................................................................................8
7.2.2 Close contact glue .................................................................................................................................9
7.2.3 Thick glue lines (gap joints) .................................................................................................................9
7.3 Preparation of test pieces .....................................................................................................................9
7.4 Number of test pieces ........................................................................................................................ 10
7.5 Treatment prior to tensile shear testing ........................................................................................... 10
7.6 Test procedure .................................................................................................................................... 11
8 Expression of results ......................................................................................................................... 12
9 Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 12
9.1 The adhesive ....................................................................................................................................... 12
9.2 Preparation of test pieces and testing procedure ........................................................................... 12
9.3 Test results .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Foreword
This document (EN 302-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193 “Adhesives”, the
secretariat of which is held by AENOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by September 2013.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 302-1:2004.

The following modifications have been made:

 Two new clauses (Terms and definitions and Symbols) are introduced in this revised standard;

 Thick glue line is now prepared with thicknesses between 0,3 mm and 2,0 mm depending on type of
adhesive;

 There has been given more detailed instructions on how to prepare thick glue line;

 The condition period for bonded assemblies has been increased.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Introduction
This document is one of a series dealing with adhesives for use with timber structures, and is published in
support of EN 1995, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures. The series consists of three classification and
performance requirements for adhesives for load-bearing timber structures, phenolic and aminoplastic
adhesives (EN 301), one component polyurethane adhesives (EN 15425) and emulsion polymerised
isocyanate adhesives (prEN 16254), together with eleven test methods (EN 302 Parts 1 to 7 and EN 15416
Parts 2 to 5).

These European Standards have the following titles:

EN 301, Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures — Classification and
performance requirements

EN 15425, Adhesives — One component polyurethane for load bearing timber structures — Classification and
performance requirements

prEN 16254, Adhesives — Emulsion polymerized isocyanate (EPI) for load-bearing timber structures —
Classification and performance requirements

EN 302, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods

 Part 1: Determination of longitudinal tensile shear strength

 Part 2: Determination of resistance to delamination

 Part 3: Determination of the effect of acid damage to wood fibres by temperature and humidity cycling on
the transverse tensile strength

 Part 4: Determination of the effects of wood shrinkage on the shear strength

 Part 5: Determination of maximum assembly time under referenced conditions

 Part 6: Determination of the minimum pressing time under referenced conditions

 Part 7: Determination of the working life under referenced conditions

EN 15416, Adhesives for load bearing timber structures other than phenolic and aminoplastic — Test methods

 Part 2: Static load test of multiple bondline specimens in compression shear

 Part 3: Creep deformation test at cyclic climate conditions with specimens loaded in bending shear

 Part 4: Determination of open assembly time for one component polyurethane adhesives

 Part 5: Determination of conventional pressing time

Safety statement

Persons using this document should be familiar with the normal laboratory practice, if applicable. This
document cannot address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any regulatory
conditions.

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Environmental statement

It is understood that some of the material permitted in this standard can have a negative environmental
impact. As technological advantages lead to better alternatives for these materials, they will be eliminated
from this standard to the greatest extent possible.

At the end of the test, it is recommended that the user of the standard take care to carry out an appropriate
disposal of the wastes, according to local regulations.

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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the shear strength of adhesive bonds in close
contact glue line and thick glue line.

It is suitable for the following applications:

a) for assessing the compliance of adhesives with EN 301, EN 15425 and prEN 16254;

b) for assessing the suitability and quality of adhesives for load-bearing timber structures.

This test is intended primarily to obtain performance data for the classification of adhesives for load-bearing
timber structures according to their suitability for use in defined climatic environments.

This method is not intended for use to provide for structural design, and does not necessarily represent the
performance of the bonded member in service.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 301, Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures — Classification and
performance requirements

EN 923:2005+A1:2008, Adhesives — Terms and definitions

ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment — Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of
traverse) — Specification

ISO 6344-2, Coated abrasives — Grain size analysis — Part 2: Determination of grain size distribution of
macrogrits P12 to P220

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 923:2005+A1:2008 and the following
apply.

3.1
glue line
adhesive layer between the wood members

3.2
thick glue line
glue line of nominal thickness in the range of 0,3 mm to 2,0 mm at the time of bonding

Note 1 to entry: Thick glue lines are achieved by using spacers, grooves or similar devices with a thickness of 0,3 mm
to 2,0 mm when two plain members are glued together.

3.3
close contact glue line
glue line of thickness maximum 0,1 mm

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Note 1 to entry: Close contact glue line is achieved by pressing together two plane wood members with a clamping
pressure of (0,8 ± 0,1) N/mm² without additional grooves, spacers or similar devices.

4 Symbols
A bonded test surface, in mm²;

fv shear strength, in N/mm²;

Fmax the applied load at failure, in N;

h depth of groove for thick glue line, 0,3 mm, 0,5 mm, 1,0 mm or 2,0 mm;

α angle between the annual growth rings and bonded surface, 30° to 85°;

l1 length of test pieces, (150 ± 5) mm;

l2 length of overlap (length of tested surface), (10,0 ± 0,1) mm;

l3 width of groove for thick glue line, ≈ 14 mm;

b width of test pieces, (20,0 ± 0,1) mm;

t thickness of panel for close contact glue line, (5,0 ± 0,1) mm;

t+h thickness of panel outside the grooves for thick glue line, in mm.

5 Principle
The shear strength of adhesive bonds is determined by applying a longitudinal tensile force to a single lap
joint with close contact or thick glue lines between two rectangular wooden adherends made of beech (Fagus
sylvatica L). The joints are loaded to rupture.

6 Apparatus
The testing machine shall be either:

a) capable of maintaining a constant rate of loading of (2,0 ± 0,5) kN/min; or

b) capable of maintaining constant crosshead speed as described in ISO 5893.

The jaws of the testing machine shall grip the test pieces firmly and prevent slippage during loading. The grip
shall be fixed in hinged manner.

7 Method

7.1 Preparation of panels

By planing, prepare a sufficient number (see 7.4) of panels to be bonded, with or without 14 mm wide grooves
as shown in Figure 1, from an untreated straight-grained board of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) with a density of
(700 ± 50) kg/m³ at (12 ± 1) % moisture content. Ensure that the angle, α, between the growth rings and the
surface to be bonded, see Figure 3 a), is between 30° and 85°.

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Cut the panels across the direction of the grain to a length of at least 300 mm with the necessary allowance
for cross-cutting (saw blade thickness) and along the grain to a width of at least 130 mm with the necessary
allowance for the width of cut as shown in Figure 1. For tests on close contact glue lines, use two panels of
(5,0 ± 0,1) mm. For tests on thick glue lines, use one (5,0 ± 0,1) mm thick panel and one [(5,0 ± 0,1)+h] mm
thick panel. Make grooves with a depth h between 0,3 mm and 2,0 mm and a width of approximately 14 mm
that end 5 mm from the side edges (see Figure 1).

Condition the panels at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and (65 ± 5) % RH, referred to subsequently as “the
standard climate”.

Dimensions in millimeters

Key
h depth of groove for thick glue line
b width of test pieces, (20,0 ± 0,1) mm
l1 length of test pieces, (150 ± 5) mm
l3 width of groove for thick glue line, ≈ 14 mm (l3=0 for close contact glue lines)
t thickness of panel for close contact glue line, (5,0 ± 0,1) mm
t+h thickness of panel outside the grooves for thick glue line, in mm

Figure 1 — Example of a bonded panel marked for division into individual test pieces

7.2 Preparation of the bonded assemblies

7.2.1 Wood adherends and bonding procedure

Prepare and bond the assemblies in standard climate using the requested glue line thickness.

Not more than 24 h before bonding, either lightly plane or lightly sand each surface to be bonded (using an
abrasive paper of grain size P100 as defined in ISO 6344-2). Remove any dust carefully. Do not touch or soil
the prepared surfaces.

Comply with the adhesive manufacturer's instructions regarding the processing conditions, including the
mixing of adhesive with the hardener, the spreading of the adhesive mix, the open and closed assembly time
and duration of the assembly pressure, and report them in the test report. For thick glue lines, only adhesives

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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whose components have been previously mixed are suitable. After adhesive application, and before pressure
application, the board shall be put together as shown in the lower part of Figure 1 and in Figure 2.

Bond the panels at standard climate with a clamping pressure of (0,8 ± 0,1) N/mm² uniformly distributed over
the bonded surface, or as recommended by the adhesive manufacturer.

7.2.2 Close contact glue

Bond two 5 mm thick panels as shown in Figure 1 under pressure to produce a 10 mm thick bonded
assembly. The panels shall be assembled with the correct orientation of the annual growth rings. This can be
achieved by assembling as shown in Figure 2 and the lower part of Figure 3 a).

Figure 2 — Bonding of panels with close contact joint

7.2.3 Thick glue lines (gap joints)

Apply adhesive on the whole surface of at least one of the two panels and pour additional adhesive into the
grooves of the grooved panel so that it will be squeezed out when pressure is applied. Assemble under
pressure one (5 + h) mm thick grooved panel with one 5 mm thick ungrooved panel, to produce a (10 + h) mm
thick bonded assembly (see Figure 1).

7.3 Preparation of test pieces

After bonding and pressing and before testing, condition the assembly for 7 to 14 days in the standard climate
[20/65]. Test pieces shall not be cut earlier than 3 days after bonding.

Cut five strips of width b = (20 ± 0,1) mm from each bonded assembly along the grain, avoiding areas within
7,5 mm of the outside long edges of the panel as shown in Figure 1. Cut these strips into test pieces of length
l1 = (150 ± 5) mm as shown in Figure 3. The test pieces taken from one board shall be distributed randomly for
the different treatment classes.

Make flat bottomed cuts of (2,5 ± 0,5) mm width in the bonded sections across the grain so that an overlap of
length l2 = (10,0 ± 0,1) mm is defined in the middle section (see Figure 3) centred in the groove in test pieces
on thick glue lines. The cuts shall separate the wood layers and the adhesive layer, but they shall not go
beyond the adhesive layer.

The requirement for angle α is also valid for the lower panel, and the annual growth rings have to be arranged
to receive a "herringbone pattern".

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Dimensions in millimetres

a) with close contact glue line b) with thick glue line

Key
b width of test pieces, (20,0 ± 0,1) mm
l1 length of test pieces, (150 ± 5) mm
l2 length of overlap (length of tested surface), (10,0 ± 0,1) mm
l3 width of groove for thick glue line, ≈ 14 mm
t thickness of panel for close contact glue line, (5,0 ± 0,1) mm
h depth of groove for thick glue line
t+h thickness of panel outside the grooves for thick glue line
α angle between annual growth ring and glue line, 30° to 85°

Figure 3 — Lap joint test piece

7.4 Number of test pieces

Test a sufficient number of test pieces to provide ten valid results for each of the treatments given in Table 1.
Stop the testing after the first ten valid results. Results from tests in which failure occurred in the wood at
values below the specified minimum are invalid. Test pieces that are twisted, bended or showing other
irregularities in form are valid if they reach the requirements; otherwise, or if visual examination shows that the
adhesive was not correctly applied, the results are invalid. All results, valid or invalid, shall be reported.

7.5 Treatment prior to tensile shear testing

After cutting the test pieces from the cured bonded assemblies, and after conditioning in accordance with 7.3,
subject the test pieces to each treatment specified in Table 1. Ensure that test pieces are horizontal, with free
access to water on all sides, and are supported so that no stress is applied to them.

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For treatment A4 and A5, preheat the water to (65 ± 5) °C before soaking the sample, and then start heating
to 100°C. The boiling point should be reached within 15 min. Record the time from the starting of the boiling.

Table 1 — Type and duration of treatment prior to tensile shear testing

Designation Treatment
a
A1 No treatment other than conditioning in standard climate [20/65]
A2 4 days soaking in cold water at (20 ± 5) °C
Samples tested in the wet state
A3 4 days soaking in cold water at (20 ± 5) °C
a b
Recondition in standard climate [20/65] to original mass
Samples tested in the dry state
A4 6 h soaking in boiling water
2 h soaking in cold water at (20 ± 5) °C
Samples tested in the wet state
A5 6 h soaking in boiling water
2 h soaking in cold water at (20 ± 5) °C
a b
Recondition in standard climate [20/65] to original mass
A6 72 h in 50°C wrapped in aluminium foil. Samples tested hot in temperature controlled
test cabinet at (50 ± 2) °C

A7 72 h in 70°C wrapped in aluminium foil. Samples tested hot in temperature controlled

test cabinet at (70 ± 2) °C
A8 72 h in 90°C wrapped in aluminium foil. Samples tested hot in temperature controlled
test cabinet at (90 ± 2) °C
The standard climate [20/65] is defined as a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative air humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
a

b
Tolerance of the original mass within +2 % and -1 %.

7.6 Test procedure

Insert the test piece symmetrically in the grips of the testing machine (see Clause 6) so that the opposite ends
of the grips are within the range of 50 mm to 90 mm. Grip tightly so that the specimen is aligned with its long
axis parallel to the direction of the load. Apply a tensile force until the test piece fails.

For comparative tests of adhesives and for assigning an adhesive to type I or II according to EN 301, the tests
shall be carried out at either:

a) a rate of load increase of (2,0 ± 0,5) kN/min; or

b) a constant crosshead speed not exceeding 5 mm/min such that the time required to reach failure is
between 30 s and 90 s.

Record the load at failure.

For every tested test piece, by visual inspection estimate and record the percentage wood failure to the
nearest 10 %.

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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8 Expression of results
2
Calculate the shear strength fv in (N/mm ) using the formula:

fv = Fmax/A = Fmax/200

where

Fmax is the applied load at failure (N);

2
A is the bonded test surface in square millimetres (mm ).

NOTE A is always calculated with the area of 200 mm².

Express the result of the test as the mean of the shear strength (in N/mm²) of the first ten valid tests. Express
the wood failure as a mean of the ten valid test results (see 7.4).

9 Test report

9.1 The adhesive

The following information about the adhesive shall be included in the test report:

a) chemical nature and origin of the sample;

b) manufacturer's name and batch number or other means of uniquely identifying the sample;

c) number of components and method of preparation and application.

9.2 Preparation of test pieces and testing procedure

The following information about the preparation of the test pieces and the testing procedure shall be included
in the test report:

a) wood density expressed in kg/m³ at 12 % moisture content;

b) any special treatment of the panels to be bonded;

c) method of making the bond (i.e. temperature, pressure and duration);

d) time elapsed between the bonding and the preparation of the test pieces;

e) glue line thickness, or close contact glue line;

f) treatment applied (serial number according to Table 1);

g) type of testing machine a) or b) according to Clause 6, and speed of loading increase.

9.3 Test results

The following information about the test results shall be included in the test report:

a) that the test was carried out in accordance with EN 302-1;

b) shear strength value for all tested test pieces expressed in N/mm² rounded to the nearest 0,1 N/mm²;

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c) type of failure for every tested test piece (valid or invalid);

d) arithmetic mean of the shear strength of the first ten valid test pieces expressed in N/mm² and rounded to
the nearest 0,1 N/mm²;

e) minimum shear strength in N/mm²;

f) standard deviation expressed in N/mm²;

g) coefficient of variation expressed in %;

h) estimation of the proportion of the tested surface covered by wood fibre (graded as 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, etc.,
to 100 % wood failure) expressed as the mean value for all valid test results;

i) date of issue of the report;

j) any other factors that may have affected the results.

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EN 302-1:2013 (E)
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Bibliography

[1] EN 15425, Adhesives — One component polyurethane for load bearing timber structures —
Classification and performance requirements

[2] prEN 16254, Adhesives — Emulsion polymerized isocyanate (EPI) for load-bearing timber structures
— Classification and performance requirements

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